scholarly journals Methodological issues when using face prototypes: A case study on the Faceaurus dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Bovet ◽  
Arnaud Tognetti ◽  
Thomas Victor Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Facial Stimuli

Prototype faces, created by averaging faces from several individuals sharing a common characteristic (for example a certain personality trait), can be used for highly informative experimental designs in face research. Although the facial prototype method is both ingenious and useful, in this paper we argue that its implementation is associated with two major issues: pseudoreplication and lack of external validity, both aggravated by a lack of transparency regarding the methods used and their limitations. Here, we describe these limitations and illustrate our claims with a systematic review of studies creating facial stimuli using the prototypes dataset “Faceaurus”(Holtzman, 2011). We then propose some solutions that can eliminate or reduce these problems and consequently improve on how the facial prototype method is being used. We provide recommendations for future research employing this method on how to produce more generalisable and replicable results.

Patterns in (in)directness

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

The goal of this descriptive, exploratory paper is to identify and analyse patterns in a case study of direct and indirect literary transfer from Poland to Portugal between 1855 and 2010. By doing so, the paper intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of indirect translation. Firstly, relevant information concerning the corpus is presented. Secondly, the methodological issues are elucidated. Thirdly, the results of the study are discussed in detail. More specifically, the correlations between the dependent variables (directness and indirectness) and the independent variables (author profile, translator profile, publisher profile and target text literary genre) are examined. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of the label ‘(in)direct’ is tested against the independent time variable. Finally, the preliminary conclusions and future research avenues are presented.

scholarly journals Mindfulness and its association with varied types of motivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis using Self-Determination Theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Donald ◽  
Emma L Bradshaw ◽  
Richard Ryan ◽  
Geetanjali Basarkod ◽  
Joseph Ciarrochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Consistent Support ◽  
Modelling Approach

Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study proposes a theoretical model for how mindfulness supports different forms of human motivation, and then tests this via meta-analysis. A systematic review identified 89 relevant studies (N = 25,176), comprised of 104 independent datasets and 200 effect sizes. We used a three-level modelling approach to meta-analyze these data. Across both correlational and intervention studies, we found consistent support for mindfulness predicting more autonomous forms of motivation; and among correlational studies, less controlled motivation and amotivation. We conducted moderation analyses to probe heterogeneity in the effects, including bias within studies. We conclude by highlighting substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed in future research in this area.

6. Research Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-185
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Research Designs

This chapter focuses on the basic principles of research design. It first considers different types of research design, including experimental designs, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, comparative designs, and historical research designs. It also discusses two types of research validity: internal validity and external validity. The chapter proceeds by describing various methods of data collection and the sort of data or evidence each provides, including questionnaires and surveys, interviewing and focus groups, ethnographic research, and discourse/content analysis. Finally, it examines six issues that must be taken into account to ensure ethical research: voluntary participation, informed consent, privacy, harm, exploitation, and consequences for future research.

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Its Association With Varied Types of Motivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Self-Determination Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1121-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Donald ◽  
Emma L. Bradshaw ◽  
Richard M. Ryan ◽  
Geetanjali Basarkod ◽  
Joseph Ciarrochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Consistent Support

Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study proposes a theoretical model for how mindfulness supports different forms of human motivation, and then tests this via meta-analysis. A systematic review identified 89 relevant studies ( N = 25,176), comprising 104 independent data sets and 200 effect sizes. We used a three-level modeling approach to meta-analyze these data. Across both correlational and intervention studies, we found consistent support for mindfulness predicting more autonomous forms of motivation and, among correlational studies, less controlled motivation and amotivation. We conducted moderation analyses to probe heterogeneity in the effects, including bias within studies. We conclude by highlighting substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed in future research in this area.

Experimental Design to Examine the Effectiveness of Honor Codes

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Lucy Barnard-Brak ◽  
Valerie Osland Paton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Honor Code ◽  
Honor Codes ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Design Characteristics

Violations of academic integrity (e.g., cheating and other acts of academic dishonesty) are issues on every college campus (e.g., Turner & Beemsterboer, 2003; Arnold, Martin, Jinks, & Bigby, 2007). Many institutions have adopted honor codes as part of their unique culture in response to violations of academic integrity. While the number of honor codes at institutions has increased over the past few decades, research examining the effectiveness of honor codes has been limited by issues of research design. The case study presented here discusses honor codes, their presence on college campuses across the United States, and highlights one particular campus. In contrast to previous research, we suggest that future research should utilize experimental designs technique to determine the effectiveness of honor code reporting on reducing academic integrity violations. Thus, previous institutional research investigating violations of academic integrity has been retrospective and correlational in nature, which precludes an accurate examination of the effectiveness of honor code reporting as these research design characteristics do not permit the examination of cause-and-effect relationships. Only experimental designs permit the examination of causal or cause-and-effect relationships (Kirk, 1996). Thus, this case study describes the fundamental advantage of experimental design over previous research in its ability to conclude causal relationships between honor codes and violations of academic integrity.

A critical review of moderation analysis in tourism and hospitality research toward robust guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh ◽  
Mingzhuo Wang ◽  
Josip Mikulić ◽  
Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multigroup Analysis ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Purpose This article aims to propose guidelines to develop moderation hypotheses, assess moderators using the multigroup analysis and interaction effect approaches and interpret the results of moderation analysis in tourism and hospitality research. Design/methodology/approach Through a review of 600 articles published in top tourism and hospitality journals from the year 2016 to 2020, and reviewing the literature related to moderation analysis, this study identifies key issues in different steps of moderation analysis and proposes robust guidelines to aid future research. Findings The results of the systematic review uncovered some key issues in different steps of moderation analysis, such as hypothesis development, moderation assessment and results interpretation. The findings emphasized the typical methodological misconceptions and improper practices for moderation analysis. Research limitations/implications Moderation analysis is of great significance to the advancement of theory, and its application has increased significantly in recent years. However, many studies appear to have a limited understanding of moderation analysis and follow questionable practices regarding hypothesis development, moderation assessment and results interpretation, thus leading to suspicious conclusions for theory advancement. By highlighting these methodological issues, this article provides robust guidelines for moderation analysis, which is of great theoretical and methodological significance to the academic research in tourism and hospitality. Originality/value As one of the first studies to provide robust guidelines for moderation analysis, based on a critical and systematic review of papers published in top-tier journals in tourism and hospitality and the latest developments on moderation analysis in the wider literature, this article has important theoretical and methodological significance for the academic research in tourism and hospitality as well as general social science disciplines.

scholarly journals Coping and adjustment in caregivers: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510291881065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsyn Hawken ◽  
Julie Turner-Cobb ◽  
Julie Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Problem Versus

This systematic review assessed coping and adjustment in caregivers of all ages to provide a synthesis of existing literature in the context of methodological approaches and underlying theory. Four databases were searched. Reference lists, citations and experts were consulted. In total, 27 studies (13 quantitative and 14 qualitative) were included. Coping factors associated with adjustment (problem- versus emotion-focussed coping and cognitive strategies) and psychosocial factors associated with physiological adjustment (trait anxiety, coping style and social support) were identified. Results raised methodological issues. Future research requires physiological adjustment measures and longitudinal assessment of the long-term impact of childhood caregiving. Findings inform future caregiver research and interventions.

scholarly journals Victimization Experiences and Well-Being in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-814
Author(s):  
Célia Ferreira ◽  
Eunice Magalhães ◽  
Carla Antunes ◽  
Cláudia Camilo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Scientific research has explored the impact of violence during adulthood on psychopathology. Fewer efforts have been made from a positive theoretical framework, and no systematic evidence has been provided. This manuscript describes a literature review and meta-analysis on the relationship between victimization experiences and well-being in adulthood. A literature review was performed, and 27 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review 16 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis yielded a medium and significant overall effect size (r = −0.309, p < .001), which indicated that greater victimization experiences partly explain lower well-being outcomes. A set of theoretical and methodological issues are discussed, specifically considering the conceptualization of victimization and well-being as well as the studies design, sample characteristics, measures, and data analysis. Derived from this integrative discussion, some recommendations are also provided for future research.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: EFEKTIFITAS METODE HANDOVER DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMUNIKASI PERAWAT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Tuasikal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Google Search

Latar belakang: Pelaksanaan handover di RS berkiatan erat dengan dengan peran perawat dalam menggunakan metode pada saat pergantian shift. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan komunikasi diantara perawat dibutuhkan metode-metode yang efektif dalam metode-melakukan handover. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah verbal, dengan catatan, melalui telepon dan SBAR. Metode: Penelusuran literature data base dari EBSCO, sciendirect, google search dan PubMed dari tahun 2005-2015 dilakukan menggunakan advanced search keyword yang dipilih dalam pencarian adalah handover communication, patien savety. Pencarian dibatasi pada tahun 2005-2015, full text, dan harus yang berbahasa inggris. Setelah dilakukan search ditemukan 171 artikel pada sciendirect, 23 artikel pada PubMed, dan 32 artikel pada ebscho dan yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi adalah 6 artikel. 6 artikel tersebut sesuai dengan kriteria study yaitu RCTs, Cohor, Case Study dan Systematic Review. Responden dalam artikel ini adalah perawat yang melakukan handover. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah metode-metode handover. Outcome meningkatkan komunikasi antar perawat. Hasil: temuan berupa 6 artikel hasil pembahasan menunjukan bahwa metode handover dengan SBAR sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan komunikasi antar perawat. Kesimpulan: Metode SBAR sangat efektif digunakan dalam handover. Dengan metode ini, dapat mengoptimalkan komunikasi antar perawat dalam melakukan handover di setiap pergantian shif.

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