Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: Systematic Review
Purpose: The aim of this review is to synthesise the types of simulation methods that have been used to simulate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) during activities of daily living. Since investigating activities of daily living is a fundamental first step in developing intervention and rehabilitation strategies, it is imperative that simulation methods are as realistic as possible.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five databases. A critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each AMD simulation method followed. Of particular interest was the suitability of each method for the investigated activity, an assessment of clinical validation procedures, and evaluating adaptation periods for participants.Results: Eighteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Synthesis of the methodology demonstrated that the choice of AMD simulation has been, and should continue to be, guided by the nature of the study. The review also revealed a clear gap in the literature regarding the lack of standardised time periods for adaptation.Conclusions: When used appropriately, simulation studies can effectively examine how AMD impacts activities of daily living. Consistency in simulation methodology is crucial to generating realistic behavioural responses under vision impairment simulation and limiting the influence of confounding stressors. Researchers should address the gap in knowledge regarding adaptation by exploring what is an adequate time required to acclimate to vision impairment simulations.