scholarly journals Children Persist Less When Adults Take Over

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Leonard ◽  
Dominique N. Martinez ◽  
Samantha Dashineau ◽  
Anne Park ◽  
Allyson Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Puzzle Task ◽  
Subsequent Task

Children need to learn to persist through challenges, yet adults sometimes step in to solve problems for them. Here, we looked at how adult taking over related to children’s persistence. In an observational study (N=34, ages 4-8), we found that parents who took over more often during a challenging puzzle task rated their children as dispositionally less persistent. To establish whether taking over can cause reduced persistence, we ran two preregistered experiments (N=150, ages 4-5). Children assigned to a taking over condition persisted less on a subsequent task compared to those in a teaching or a baseline condition. Reframing the context did not ameliorate the negative impact of taking over. The results suggest that taking over impairs children’s persistence.

scholarly journals Mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students in north Karnataka: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Sweta Sinha ◽  
Manjula S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage

Background: The mobile phone is viewed as an important communication tool and is an integral part of the human society in the present era. Medical students use smart phones for note taking, imaging, web browsing, text books, question banks etc. Excessive mobile phone use has been found to be associated with health problems such as impaired concentration, headache, fatigue, thermal sensations in and around ear, stress, sleep disturbances and frustration. Objective was to explore the mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students.Methods: An observational study was conducted among medical students of Belagavi. The calculated sample size was 277 after taking the prevalence of mobile phone usage pattern of 76.4%. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic characteristics, pattern of mobile phone usage like mode of use, time of maximum use etc. and the health effect variables like headache, restlessness, neck pain, painful fingers etc. Statistical analysis was done using MS-Excel 2007 and SPSS v 22, proportion and chi-square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 98.19% were using smart phone and 85.56% were having single phone. Maximum were using for 2-4 years (42.60%). Internet was used for academic purpose in 89.89%. Majority of them experienced eyes symptoms (55.23%) followed by sleep deprivation (46.21%) and headache (42.60%).Conclusions: Even though mobile phone has positive role in our daily lives, its overuse leads to negative impact on health, sleep, and academic performance of students.

scholarly journals Does burnout affect clinical reasoning? An observational study among residents in general practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Guillou ◽  
Thierry Pelaccia ◽  
Marie-Frédérique Bacqué ◽  
Mathieu Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Burnout results from excessive demands at work. Caregivers suffering from burnout show a state of emotional exhaustion, leading them to distance themselves from their patients and to become less efficient in their work. While some studies have shown a negative impact of burnout on physicians’ clinical reasoning, others have failed to demonstrate any such impacts. To better understand the link between clinical reasoning and burnout, we carried out a study looking for an association between burnout and clinical reasoning in a population of general practice residents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study among residents in general practice in 2017 and 2019. Clinical reasoning performance was assessed using a script concordance test (SCT). The Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to determine burnout status in both original standards of Maslach’s burnout inventory manual (conventional approach) and when individuals reported high emotional exhaustion in combination with high depersonalization or low personal accomplishment compared to a norm group (“emotional exhaustion +1” approach). Results One hundred ninety-nine residents were included. The participants’ mean SCT score was 76.44% (95% CI: 75.77–77.10). In the conventional approach, 126 residents (63.31%) had no burnout, 37 (18.59%) had mild burnout, 23 (11.56%) had moderate burnout, and 13 (6.53%) had severe burnout. In the “exhaustion + 1“ approach, 38 residents had a burnout status (19.10%). We found no significant correlation between burnout status and SCT scores either for conventional or “exhaustion + 1“ approaches. Conclusions Our data seem to indicate that burnout status has no significant impact on clinical reasoning. However, one speculation is that SCT mostly examines the clinical reasoning process’s analytical dimension, whereas emotions are conventionally associated with the intuitive dimension. We think future research might aim to explore the impact of burnout on intuitive clinical reasoning processes.

scholarly journals Consequences of Early Separation of Maternal-Newborn Dyad in Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5899
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Conti ◽  
Fabio Natale ◽  
Ilaria Stolfi ◽  
Roberto Pedicino ◽  
Giovanni Boscarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Early Separation ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Perinatal Management

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues its spread all over the world, data on perinatal management of the maternal-infant dyad are urgent. We performed an observational study to describe the effects of the early separation of the maternal-infant dyad, in case of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reported the medical records for 37 neonates born to 37 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers in a setting of separation of the dyad after birth. Data on neonatal infection, clinical condition, and breastfeeding rate were recorded until the first month of life. No maternal deaths were recorded; 37.8% of women had at least one pregnancy-related complication. We reported a high adherence to recommended safety measures after discharged with 84.8% of the mothers using at least one personal protective device and 51.5% using all the protective devices. We reported one case of vertical transmission and no cases of horizontal transmission. However, the separation of the dyad had a negative impact on breastfeeding because only 23.5% of the newborns received exclusively human milk during the first month of life. Despite early separation of the dyad protecting the newborns from possible horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it negatively affects breastfeeding during the first months of life.

scholarly journals Negative Impact of Postoperative Early Surgical Incision Dressing: A Prospective Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Alpaslan Kaban ◽  
Olcay Seval ◽  
Karolin Ohanoğlu ◽  
Işık Kaban ◽  
Fatma Ferda Verit
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surgical Incision

scholarly journals Sexual dysfunction in married female patients on antidepressants: A Cross Sectional Observational study from Patna medical college and hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Vivek Pratap Singh ◽  
Abhishek Pratap Singh ◽  
Narendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Married Female

Background: Clinicians and patients now have a broad variety of antidepressants to choose from, due to an ever-growing pharmacopoeia. However, one of the most significant considerations preventing antidepressant use is their side effects, one of which is sexual dysfunction. This issue has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life which can contribute to clinical non-adherence in long-term therapies. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this research was to look into the characteristics of sexual dysfunction in married female antidepressant patients and patterns of sexual dysfunctions in female patients receiving antidepressants. Materials and Methods: It was Cross-sectional observational study. The study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry, Patna Medical College and Hospital at Patna.The Departmental Research Committee accepted the report, and 50 patients were enrolled after receiving written informed consent. Purposive sampling was used to pick the sample for the analysis, which had a cross-sectional study. The women contacted were in the outpatient psychiatric care of the department of Psychiatry and had been diagnosed with depressive disorder during the study period June 2018 to February 2019. Results: Seventy percent of patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 20 % were taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and 10 % were taking other medications such as mirtazapine or desvenlafexine. Within six months, 44 % of patients were on therapy, and 22.0 % had been on treatment for more than two years. Patients taking Escitalopram (80 %) have less sexual activity than those taking Sertraline (66.7 %) or Fluoxetine (77.8 %), Patients observed a change in sexual activity in 58 percent of cases, a decrease in sexual desire in 70 % of cases (p=0.0009*), a slight decrease in 14 percent of cases, and a slight decrease in only 8 % of cases (p=0.0009). 18 % of patients reported a delay in orgasm, with 66 percent reporting a major delay, 8 % reporting a moderate delay, and 8 % reporting a slight delay (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that sexual dysfunction is common in married female patients taking antidepressants, and that antidepressants affect both aspects of sexual functioning.

scholarly journals An Observational Study of Engineering Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadnaz Asgari ◽  
Jelena Trajkovic ◽  
Mehran Rahmani ◽  
Wenlu Zhang ◽  
Roger C. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Online Instruction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Online Format

Although online education has become a viable and major component of higher education in many fields, its employment in engineering disciplines has been limited. COVID-19 pandemic compelled the global and abrupt conversion of conventional face-to-face instruction to the online format. The negative impact of such sudden change is undeniable. Urgent and careful planning is needed to mitigate pandemic negative effects on engineering education, especially for vulnerable, disadvantaged, and underrepresented students who have to deal with additional challenges (e.g. digital equity gap). To enhance engineering online instruction during the pandemic era, we conducted an observational study at California State University, Long Beach (a minority-serving institution). 110 faculty and 627 students from six engineering departments participated in our surveys and answered quantitative and qualitative questions to highlight the challenges they experienced during the online instruction in Spring 2020. In this work, we present the results of these surveys in detail and propose solutions to address the identified issues including logistical, technical, learning/teaching challenges, assessment methods, and hands-on training. As the pandemic continues, sharing these results with other educators can help with more effective planning and choice of best practices to improve the online engineering education during COVID-19 and beyond.

A Cross Sectional Observational Study to Assess Pharmacists Perspective and General Health Wellbeing During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Ibrahim ◽  
Asma Almuhsin ◽  
Raghad Alkhattabi ◽  
Maryam Almulaifi ◽  
Ali Alrumaih
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
General Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic impacted all countries negatively. Regulatory bodies in Saudi Arabia and worldwide set a firm policies and guidelines to protect their nationals and residents from the virus. Pharmacists play a major role in health care. This study aims to assess pharmacists prospective and general health wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional observational study using a quantitative survey-based methodology. Data was collected from May to July 2020. Results: We were able to enrol 381 pharmacists working in different practice settings as governmental hospitals, healthcare centers, private hospitals and community pharmacies. The acceptable knowledge level score is 13 (60%) that has been reached by about 37% of participants. Male and female had similar scores. Level of knowledge among regions was variable, southern region scored the least with a mean score of 12.89 ± 3.91 and eastern region scored the highest level with a mean score of 15.07 ± 2.86. There was a significant correlation between knowledge level, region of residency and level of experience. The maximum total awareness score was 7, the mean score was 5.18 ± 1.65. There was a statistically significant correlation between awareness level and the region of residency variable. The general health questions section included 9 questions. The minimum score was 9, the maximum was 36 and the mean score was 17.51 ± 7.34. The higher the score indicate the worsening of the general health. There is a strong correlation between gender, experience and the general health wellbeing. Men had better general health compared to women p<0.001 and participants with range of experience 6-10 years had a lower level of general health. Conclusion: COVID-19 still has a negative impact worldwide. Maintaining awareness and education is essential to keep the protective measures as possible. In addition, there is a need to address the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacist's mental health to act accordingly.

scholarly journals No Negative Impact of Palliative Sedation on Relatives’ Experience of the Dying Phase and Their Wellbeing after the Patient’s Death: An Observational Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bruinsma ◽  
A. van der Heide ◽  
M. L. van der Lee ◽  
Y. Vergouwe ◽  
J. A. C. Rietjens
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Palliative Sedation

Taxi-Hailing Apps

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1957-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Xiong ◽  
Guozhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Time Period

The use of taxi-hailing apps is quite popular in recent years. Although a number of epidemiological, on- road and simulator-based studies reported the negative impact of distraction on a driver’s behavior, the effect of using taxi-hailing apps on a professional driver’s performance has not been fully studied. This study aimed to identify the influence of using taxi-hailing apps on driving performance in a simulated driving environment. Forty male taxi drivers were divided into two groups, using one taxi-hailing app or two taxi hailing apps. They were asked to complete two driving tasks with one or two apps (i.e., distracted condition) and two tasks without any app used (i.e., baseline condition). The current study found that participants using two taxi-hailing apps at the same time drove slower and spent less time speeding, but exhibited shorter time to avoid a collision, made more wrong decisions, and spent a longer time period of cell phone interface glance duration and glanced at the interface more frequently than the baseline condition. Taxi drivers with single app exhibited similar driving behaviors but performance decrement was less severe than those using dual hailing apps. These findings increase our understanding of driver distraction and have potential implications for public safety and device development.

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