scholarly journals Consequences of Early Separation of Maternal-Newborn Dyad in Neonates Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5899
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Conti ◽  
Fabio Natale ◽  
Ilaria Stolfi ◽  
Roberto Pedicino ◽  
Giovanni Boscarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Early Separation ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Perinatal Management

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues its spread all over the world, data on perinatal management of the maternal-infant dyad are urgent. We performed an observational study to describe the effects of the early separation of the maternal-infant dyad, in case of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reported the medical records for 37 neonates born to 37 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers in a setting of separation of the dyad after birth. Data on neonatal infection, clinical condition, and breastfeeding rate were recorded until the first month of life. No maternal deaths were recorded; 37.8% of women had at least one pregnancy-related complication. We reported a high adherence to recommended safety measures after discharged with 84.8% of the mothers using at least one personal protective device and 51.5% using all the protective devices. We reported one case of vertical transmission and no cases of horizontal transmission. However, the separation of the dyad had a negative impact on breastfeeding because only 23.5% of the newborns received exclusively human milk during the first month of life. Despite early separation of the dyad protecting the newborns from possible horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it negatively affects breastfeeding during the first months of life.

scholarly journals Mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students in north Karnataka: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Sweta Sinha ◽  
Manjula S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage

Background: The mobile phone is viewed as an important communication tool and is an integral part of the human society in the present era. Medical students use smart phones for note taking, imaging, web browsing, text books, question banks etc. Excessive mobile phone use has been found to be associated with health problems such as impaired concentration, headache, fatigue, thermal sensations in and around ear, stress, sleep disturbances and frustration. Objective was to explore the mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students.Methods: An observational study was conducted among medical students of Belagavi. The calculated sample size was 277 after taking the prevalence of mobile phone usage pattern of 76.4%. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic characteristics, pattern of mobile phone usage like mode of use, time of maximum use etc. and the health effect variables like headache, restlessness, neck pain, painful fingers etc. Statistical analysis was done using MS-Excel 2007 and SPSS v 22, proportion and chi-square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 98.19% were using smart phone and 85.56% were having single phone. Maximum were using for 2-4 years (42.60%). Internet was used for academic purpose in 89.89%. Majority of them experienced eyes symptoms (55.23%) followed by sleep deprivation (46.21%) and headache (42.60%).Conclusions: Even though mobile phone has positive role in our daily lives, its overuse leads to negative impact on health, sleep, and academic performance of students.

scholarly journals A Prospective Observational Study of Near-miss Events and Maternal Deaths in Obstetrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Smiti Nanda ◽  
Shaveta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Severe Maternal Outcome ◽  
Mortality Ratio

ABSTRACT Purpose To study the incidence and causes of near-miss cases and maternal deaths (MDs) and also search the level of delay. Materials and methods The prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for a period of one and a half year (September 2012 to February 2014). For identifying near-miss events, disease-specific criteria were used. Near-miss cases were identified among women with pregnancy-related complications whose diagnoses were meeting the criteria. Detailed information of maternal mortalities and near-miss cases for demographic features, underlying causes, treatment received, and level of delay were also obtained. Results There were 15,170 obstetric admission, 13,851 live births, 184 near-miss cases, and 60 MDs during the study period. The maternal near-miss (MNM) rate was 13.2/1,000 live births and maternal mortality ratio was 433.1/100,000 live births. The mortality index (MD/MNM+MD) was reported as 25%. The maternal mortality to near-miss ratio was 1:3.07. Severe maternal outcome rate (MNM/MNM+MD) was 17.6/1,000 live births. Hemorrhage (54.89%) was the leading cause of nearmiss events followed by hypertension (24.45%) and anemia (13.59%). Hypertension (26.66%) was responsible for most of the MDs followed by anemia (25%), hemorrhage (20%), and puerperal sepsis (10%). The most common level of delay was found on the part of women and/or family to seek help. Conclusion Hypertension, hemorrhage, and anemia are leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Lessons need to be learnt from cases of near-miss, which can serve as a useful tool in making strategies and putting efforts to reduce maternal mortality. How to cite this article Yadav S, Nanda S. A Prospective Observational Study of Near-miss Events and Maternal Deaths in Obstetrics. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):261-265.

scholarly journals Does burnout affect clinical reasoning? An observational study among residents in general practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Guillou ◽  
Thierry Pelaccia ◽  
Marie-Frédérique Bacqué ◽  
Mathieu Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Burnout results from excessive demands at work. Caregivers suffering from burnout show a state of emotional exhaustion, leading them to distance themselves from their patients and to become less efficient in their work. While some studies have shown a negative impact of burnout on physicians’ clinical reasoning, others have failed to demonstrate any such impacts. To better understand the link between clinical reasoning and burnout, we carried out a study looking for an association between burnout and clinical reasoning in a population of general practice residents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study among residents in general practice in 2017 and 2019. Clinical reasoning performance was assessed using a script concordance test (SCT). The Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to determine burnout status in both original standards of Maslach’s burnout inventory manual (conventional approach) and when individuals reported high emotional exhaustion in combination with high depersonalization or low personal accomplishment compared to a norm group (“emotional exhaustion +1” approach). Results One hundred ninety-nine residents were included. The participants’ mean SCT score was 76.44% (95% CI: 75.77–77.10). In the conventional approach, 126 residents (63.31%) had no burnout, 37 (18.59%) had mild burnout, 23 (11.56%) had moderate burnout, and 13 (6.53%) had severe burnout. In the “exhaustion + 1“ approach, 38 residents had a burnout status (19.10%). We found no significant correlation between burnout status and SCT scores either for conventional or “exhaustion + 1“ approaches. Conclusions Our data seem to indicate that burnout status has no significant impact on clinical reasoning. However, one speculation is that SCT mostly examines the clinical reasoning process’s analytical dimension, whereas emotions are conventionally associated with the intuitive dimension. We think future research might aim to explore the impact of burnout on intuitive clinical reasoning processes.

scholarly journals Rooming in and Breast Feeding Practices and Rate of Horizontal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in 5 UAE Hospitals—An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792110606
Author(s):  
Monika Kaushal ◽  
Venkata Subba Yamuna Tulasi ◽  
Ayush Kaushal ◽  
Aditya Rakhecha ◽  
Rafiq Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: To assess risks of mother to child horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus during rooming in and breastfeeding in infants born to mothers with the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Design: Retrospective observational study. Participants: Five tertiary care centers located in the United Arab Emirates. Infants born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at the time of delivery, born between April 1 and October 30, 2020. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the newborn care practices in various tertiary care hospitals and the rate of horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to infant (horizontal) while rooming in, breastfeeding, and post-discharge. Results: There were total of 2,405 deliveries in the 5 stated hospitals of which 40 infants were born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR at the time of delivery. One infant tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after birth at 24 h of life and had respiratory symptoms and fever. Twenty-three of the well infants were roomed in during their hospital stay and were breastfed. In 8 cases, the mother and baby were separated and isolated from the time of birth till discharge. 95% of the discharged infants were rooming in with mothers, 45% of the infants were exclusively breastfed, and 55% were on mixed feeding (breast milk and formula milk) at the follow-up. None of the infants developed significant health issues or symptoms attributable to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: The risk of mother to infant horizontal transmission of COVID-19 in the perinatal period is very low. Our study reaffirms the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines that rooming in and breastfeeding of newborns born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers is safe without an increased risk of horizontal transmission by following mandated safety precautions.

scholarly journals Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Cross ◽  
Ousman Jarjou ◽  
Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
Carla Cerami
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Nutritional Immunity

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide.  Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017

scholarly journals Negative Impact of Postoperative Early Surgical Incision Dressing: A Prospective Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Alpaslan Kaban ◽  
Olcay Seval ◽  
Karolin Ohanoğlu ◽  
Işık Kaban ◽  
Fatma Ferda Verit
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surgical Incision

scholarly journals Sexual dysfunction in married female patients on antidepressants: A Cross Sectional Observational study from Patna medical college and hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Vivek Pratap Singh ◽  
Abhishek Pratap Singh ◽  
Narendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Married Female

Background: Clinicians and patients now have a broad variety of antidepressants to choose from, due to an ever-growing pharmacopoeia. However, one of the most significant considerations preventing antidepressant use is their side effects, one of which is sexual dysfunction. This issue has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life which can contribute to clinical non-adherence in long-term therapies. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this research was to look into the characteristics of sexual dysfunction in married female antidepressant patients and patterns of sexual dysfunctions in female patients receiving antidepressants. Materials and Methods: It was Cross-sectional observational study. The study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry, Patna Medical College and Hospital at Patna.The Departmental Research Committee accepted the report, and 50 patients were enrolled after receiving written informed consent. Purposive sampling was used to pick the sample for the analysis, which had a cross-sectional study. The women contacted were in the outpatient psychiatric care of the department of Psychiatry and had been diagnosed with depressive disorder during the study period June 2018 to February 2019. Results: Seventy percent of patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 20 % were taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and 10 % were taking other medications such as mirtazapine or desvenlafexine. Within six months, 44 % of patients were on therapy, and 22.0 % had been on treatment for more than two years. Patients taking Escitalopram (80 %) have less sexual activity than those taking Sertraline (66.7 %) or Fluoxetine (77.8 %), Patients observed a change in sexual activity in 58 percent of cases, a decrease in sexual desire in 70 % of cases (p=0.0009*), a slight decrease in 14 percent of cases, and a slight decrease in only 8 % of cases (p=0.0009). 18 % of patients reported a delay in orgasm, with 66 percent reporting a major delay, 8 % reporting a moderate delay, and 8 % reporting a slight delay (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that sexual dysfunction is common in married female patients taking antidepressants, and that antidepressants affect both aspects of sexual functioning.

scholarly journals Maternal Psoriasis Magnitude The Risk Of Pregnancy Complications In Women: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn Kupwiwat ◽  
Poonnapa Deewongkij ◽  
Dhammika Leshan Wannigama ◽  
Cameron Hurst ◽  
Panlop Chakkavitthumrong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with significant physical and psychological distress. As there are conflicting data from published literatures on the relationship between psoriasis and pregnancy. We hypothesized that the dysregulation of the immune system in psoriasis, will result in negative impact regarding to fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of maternal psoriasis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library for published articles from January 1980 to December 2020. Total 1592 citations and identified studies examining outcomes of pregnancies complicated by psoriasis. Seventeen studies were included with a total of 44,249 pregnancies in women with psoriasis and 47,807,880 pregnancies in women without the disease. Random-effect models were used to generate pool odds ratios. We found a higher odd of pregnancy-related complication in women with psoriasis compared with non-disease controls; 1.47 for pregnancy-related hypertension (9 studies; 95%CI 1.16–1.87), 1.70 for gestational diabetes (7 studies; 95%CI 1.34–2.15), 1.28 for preterm (10 studies; 95%CI 1.14–1.44), and 1.35 for cesarean section (10 studies; 95%CI 1.22–1.50). The results of this meta-analysis confirm that psoriasis is a risk factor for pregnancy-related hypertension, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor.

scholarly journals An Observational Study of Engineering Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadnaz Asgari ◽  
Jelena Trajkovic ◽  
Mehran Rahmani ◽  
Wenlu Zhang ◽  
Roger C. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Online Instruction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Online Format

Although online education has become a viable and major component of higher education in many fields, its employment in engineering disciplines has been limited. COVID-19 pandemic compelled the global and abrupt conversion of conventional face-to-face instruction to the online format. The negative impact of such sudden change is undeniable. Urgent and careful planning is needed to mitigate pandemic negative effects on engineering education, especially for vulnerable, disadvantaged, and underrepresented students who have to deal with additional challenges (e.g. digital equity gap). To enhance engineering online instruction during the pandemic era, we conducted an observational study at California State University, Long Beach (a minority-serving institution). 110 faculty and 627 students from six engineering departments participated in our surveys and answered quantitative and qualitative questions to highlight the challenges they experienced during the online instruction in Spring 2020. In this work, we present the results of these surveys in detail and propose solutions to address the identified issues including logistical, technical, learning/teaching challenges, assessment methods, and hands-on training. As the pandemic continues, sharing these results with other educators can help with more effective planning and choice of best practices to improve the online engineering education during COVID-19 and beyond.

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