scholarly journals Linguistic Markers of Narcissism: An Exploratory LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Holtzman ◽  
Allison Mary Tackman ◽  
Albrecht Kuefner ◽  
Fenne große Deters ◽  
Mitja Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were: using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were: using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| < .10).

scholarly journals Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 773-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Holtzman ◽  
Allison M. Tackman ◽  
Angela L. Carey ◽  
Melanie S. Brucks ◽  
Albrecht C. P. Küfner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts ( k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each | r| < .10).

scholarly journals Linguistic markers of grandiose narcissism: A LIWC analysis of 15 samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Holtzman ◽  
Allison Mary Tackman ◽  
Fenne große Deters ◽  
Mitja Back ◽  
Brent Donnellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were: using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were: using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| &lt; .10).

Suicidal Traits in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Cabana ◽  
A. García-Caballero ◽  
M. T. Alves-Pérez ◽  
M. J. García-García ◽  
R. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Categories

Background: Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), a computerized method for text analysis, is often used to examine suicide writings in order to characterize the quantitative linguistic features of suicidal texts. Aims: To analyze texts compiled in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments using LIWC, in order to explore the use of different linguistic categories in her narrative over the years. Method: Selected texts were grouped into four periods of similar word count and processed with LIWC. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess changes in language use across the documents over time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare means between periods and for each of the 80 LIWC output scores. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) were found in 11 categories, the most relevant being a progressive decrease in the use of negative emotion words, a reduction in the use of long words in the third period, and an increase in the proportion of personal pronouns used as Monroe approached the time of her death. Conclusions: The consistently elevated usage of first-person personal singular pronouns and the consistently diminished usage of first-person personal plural pronouns are in line with previous studies linking this pattern with a low level of social integration, which has been related to suicide according to different theories.

Linguistic Markers in Women’s Discussions on Miscarriage and Abortion Illustrate Psychological Responses to Their Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2096564
Author(s):  
Kate G. Blackburn ◽  
Weixi Wang ◽  
Rhea Pedler ◽  
Rachel Thompson ◽  
Diana Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This study analyzed thousands of women’s online conversations in relation to their miscarriage or abortion experiences, classified as unplanned and planned traumas, respectively. Linguistic Inquiry Word Count text analysis revealed that people experiencing a planned trauma use distancing language patterns in higher frequency and engage in emotion regulation more than those who experienced trauma unexpectedly. On the other hand, planned trauma conversations used more self-focused language and more social-based language. Implications and future directions for trauma research are discussed.

No Space for Others? On the Increase of Students’ Self-Focus When Prodded to Think About Many Others

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens H. Hellmann ◽  
Marijke Hannah Adelt ◽  
Regina Jucks
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
First Person ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

In the present experiment, participants read about the presence of many versus few others in typical student-life situations. They subsequently wrote an essay about their perspectives on learning in groups. Using the program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to analyze these essays signified that participants who read prompts that involved many (vs. few) other students used more first-person singular pronouns and fewer words related to others. We interpret this increase in self-focus as a consequence of induced social crowding.

Distinctive Linguistic Styles in Children with ADHD

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungil Kim ◽  
Chang Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

To assess whether the writing styles of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) combined type differ significantly from those of children in a nonclinical control group, writing samples from 17 children with ADHD combined type and 18 children in a nonclinical control group were compared using the language analysis program Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. These writing samples, produced in response to instructions, served as dependent variables. Analysis showed that children with ADHD used fewer linguistic variables (e.g., sentences, phrases, and morphemes) than the control group. In addition, the ADHD group used fewer words reflecting cognitive processes and fewer pronouns than members of the control group. Also, the ADHD group showed a different pattern in the use of words referring to friends. This study provides preliminary descriptive data on language use among children diagnosed with a main subtype of ADHD.

scholarly journals Linguistic Markers of Self-Disclosure: Using YouTube Coming Out Videos to Study Disclosure Language

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Charles Doyle ◽  
William Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

Traditional attempts at measuring self-disclosure actually measure self-reported perceptions of disclosure, which is conflated with individual difference characteristics, or rely on trained coders, which is time-consuming. Across a pilot and two studies and using a known-groups paradigm with repeated transcripts from YouTube videos in which creators express a concealable stigmatized identity(LGBTQ, HIV diagnosis, or mental illness), we measured self-disclosure with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and found support for the utility of text-based analyses for operationalization of disclosure. This output was correlated with trained coders’ ratings and was effective for predicting audience behavior outcomes, including reciprocal disclosure. Finally, we discuss the utility of text-analysis software for theoretical and applied work.

scholarly journals Detecting Recovery Problems Just in Time: Application of Automated Linguistic Analysis and Supervised Machine Learning to an Online Substance Abuse Forum (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kornfield ◽  
Prathusha K Sarma ◽  
Dhavan V Shah ◽  
Fiona McTavish ◽  
Gina Landucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Discussion Forum ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Bag Of Words ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

BACKGROUND Online discussion forums allow those in addiction recovery to seek help through text-based messages, including when facing triggers to drink or use drugs. Trained staff (or “moderators”) may participate within these forums to offer guidance and support when participants are struggling but must expend considerable effort to continually review new content. Demands on moderators limit the scalability of evidence-based digital health interventions. OBJECTIVE Automated identification of recovery problems could allow moderators to engage in more timely and efficient ways with participants who are struggling. This paper aimed to investigate whether computational linguistics and supervised machine learning can be applied to successfully flag, in real time, those discussion forum messages that moderators find most concerning. METHODS Training data came from a trial of a mobile phone-based health intervention for individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorder, with human coders labeling discussion forum messages according to whether or not authors mentioned problems in their recovery process. Linguistic features of these messages were extracted via several computational techniques: (1) a Bag-of-Words approach, (2) the dictionary-based Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program, and (3) a hybrid approach combining the most important features from both Bag-of-Words and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. These features were applied within binary classifiers leveraging several methods of supervised machine learning: support vector machines, decision trees, and boosted decision trees. Classifiers were evaluated in data from a later deployment of the recovery support intervention. RESULTS To distinguish recovery problem disclosures, the Bag-of-Words approach relied on domain-specific language, including words explicitly linked to substance use and mental health (“drink,” “relapse,” “depression,” and so on), whereas the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count approach relied on language characteristics such as tone, affect, insight, and presence of quantifiers and time references, as well as pronouns. A boosted decision tree classifier, utilizing features from both Bag-of-Words and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count performed best in identifying problems disclosed within the discussion forum, achieving 88% sensitivity and 82% specificity in a separate cohort of patients in recovery. CONCLUSIONS Differences in language use can distinguish messages disclosing recovery problems from other message types. Incorporating machine learning models based on language use allows real-time flagging of concerning content such that trained staff may engage more efficiently and focus their attention on time-sensitive issues.

The Effects of Social Environment on Pronouns as a Measure of Self-Awareness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Persall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

By analyzing the types of words used in people’s writing, we can make inferences about the different psychological states individuals may be in. According to previous research, the types of pronouns people express in their language can give information about their focus of attention. Greater use of first person singular pronouns is indicative of higher levels of self-awareness. People's focus of attention can be shifted towards the self by placing a mirror in front of them, or shifted to others by having other people present. This study manipulated levels of self-awareness in individuals, and then measured the pronoun usage in their writing using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC2007). The results showed that the mirror condition displayed a significantly higher frequency of first person pronouns compared to the group condition. These results indicate that an individual setting with a mirror increases self-awareness, and that a group setting with no mirror reduces self-awareness. Researching self-awareness is important because it is a basic trait in humans, and a lack of, or excessive levels of self-awareness may indicate psychological problems, thus it can be applied to the study of mental disorders such as depression and mania.

Preliminary Analysis of Language Styles in a Sample of Schizophrenics

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang H. Lee ◽  
Myungju Lee ◽  
Sungwoo Ahn ◽  
Kyungil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Language Styles

Language use of schizophrenics and normal people was compared by applying the language analysis program, Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Participants were asked to write a story about the most emotional experience of their lives on A4 size paper. 28 schizophrenics ( M age: 26 yr.) and 32 normal people (Ai age: 23 yr.) participated. Analysis showed normal people used more words about jobs and achievements and fewer words about sex and food. The schizophrenics used fewer pronouns, personal pronouns, and adverbs than the normal group. Some aspects of clinical mechanism are manifest in language uses.

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