scholarly journals The “noncausal causality” of quantum information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Probability Density Distribution ◽  
Information Function ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Probabilistic Causality ◽  
Random Probability

The paper is concentrated on the special changes of the conception of causalityfrom quantum mechanics to quantum information meaning as a background the revolution implemented by the former to classical physics and science after Max Born’s probabilistic reinterpretation of wave function. Those changes can be enumerated so: (1) quantum information describes the general case of the relation of two wave functions, and particularly, the causal amendment of a single one; (2) it keeps the physical description to be causal by the conservation of quantum information and in accordance with Born’s interpretation; (3) it introduces inverse causality, “backwards in time”, observable “forwards in time” as the fundamentally random probability density distribution of all possible measurements of any physical quantity in quantum mechanics; (4) it involves a kind of “bidirectional causality” unifying (4.1) the classical determinism of cause and effect, (4.2) the probabilistic causality of quantum mechanics, and (4.3) the reversibility of any coherent state; (5) it identifies determinism with the function successor in Peano arithmetic, and its proper generalized causality with the information function successor in Hilbert arithmetic.

scholarly journals Free Will in Human Behavior and Physics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Quantum Bit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

If the concept of “free will” is reduced to that of “choice” all physical world share the latter quality. Anyway the “free will” can be distinguished from the “choice”: The “free will” involves implicitly a certain goal, and the choice is only the mean, by which the aim can be achieved or not by the one who determines the target. Thus, for example, an electron has always a choice but not free will unlike a human possessing both. Consequently, and paradoxically, the determinism of classical physics is more subjective and more anthropomorphic than the indeterminism of quantum mechanics for the former presupposes certain deterministic goal implicitly following the model of human freewill behavior. Quantum mechanics introduces the choice in the fundament of physical world involving a generalized case of choice, which can be called “subjectless”: There is certain choice, which originates from the transition of the future into the past. Thus that kind of choice is shared of all existing and does not need any subject: It can be considered as a low of nature. There are a few theorems in quantum mechanics directly relevant to the topic: two of them are called “free will theorems” by their authors (Conway and Kochen 2006; 2009). Any quantum system either a human or an electron or whatever else has always a choice: Its behavior is not predetermined by its past. This is a physical law. It implies that a form of information, the quantum information underlies all existing for the unit of the quantity of information is an elementary choice: either a bit or a quantum bit (qubit).

scholarly journals The Strange (Hi)story of Particles and Waves

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-212
Author(s):  
H. Dieter Zeh
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Configuration Space ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
General Readership ◽  
Boson Fields

AbstractThis is an attempt of a non-technical but conceptually consistent presentation of quantum theory in a historical context. While the first part is written for a general readership, Section 5 may appear a bit provocative to some quantum physicists. I argue that the single-particle wave functions of quantum mechanics have to be correctly interpreted as field modes that are “occupied once” (i.e. first excited states of the corresponding quantum oscillators in the case of boson fields). Multiple excitations lead to apparent many-particle wave functions, while the quantum states proper are defined by wave function(al)s on the “configuration” space of fundamental fields, or on another, as yet elusive, fundamental local basis.

EPR Elements of Physical Reality in Quantum Mechanics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (29) ◽  
pp. 5289-5303
Author(s):  
V. K. Thankappan ◽  
Ravi K. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
The State ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of elements of physical reality (e.p.r.) in quantum mechanics as defined by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) is discussed in the context of the EPR–Bohm and the EPR–Bell experiments on a pair of spin 1/2 particles in the singlet state. It is argued that EPR's definition of e.p.r. is appropriate to the EPR–Bell experiment rather than to the EPR–Bohm experiment, and that Bohr's interpretation of e.p.r. is also consistent with such a viewpoint. It is shown that the observed correlation between the spins of the two particles in the EPR–Bell experiment is just a manifestation of the correlation that exists between the wave functions of the particles in the singlet state and a consequence of the fact that a Stern–Gerlach magnet does not change the state of a particle but only transforms its wave function into a representation defined by the axis of the magnet. As such, the correlation is suggested to be an affirmation of Einstein's concept of locality, and not an evidence for nonlocality.

Quantum mechanics and quantum information science: The nature of ψ

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1640030
Author(s):  
Partha Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Quantum Information Science

An overview is given of the nature of the quantum mechanical wave function.

scholarly journals The simplest possible bouncing quantum cosmological model

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (21) ◽  
pp. 1640006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Peter ◽  
Sandro D. P. Vitenti
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Spatial Curvature ◽  
Bianchi I ◽  
Contracting Phase

We present and expand the simplest possible quantum cosmological bouncing model already discussed in previous works: the trajectory formulation of quantum mechanics applied to cosmology (through the Wheeler–De Witt equation) in the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) minisuperspace without spatial curvature. The initial conditions that were previously assumed were such that the wave function would not change its functional form but instead provide a dynamics to its parameters. Here, we consider a more general situation, in practice consisting of modified Gaussian wave functions, aiming at obtaining a nonsingular bounce from a contracting phase. Whereas previous works consistently obtain very symmetric bounces, we find that it is possible to produce highly non-symmetric solutions, and even cases for which multiple bounces naturally occur. We also introduce a means of treating the shear in this category of models by quantizing in the Bianchi I minisuperspace.

scholarly journals On the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function as a Link Between Cognition and the Physical World: A Role for Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Michael Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Wave ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

A straightforward explanation of fundamental tenets of quantum mechanics concerning the wave function results in the thesis that the quantum mechanical wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world. The reticence on the part of physicists to adopt this thesis is discussed. A comparison is made to the behaviorists’ consideration of mind, and the historical roots of how the problem concerning the quantum mechanical wave function arose are discussed. The basis for an empirical demonstration that the wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world is provided through developing an experiment using methodology from psychology and physics. Based on research in psychology and physics that relied on this methodology, it is likely that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen’s theoretical result that mutually exclusive wave functions can simultaneously apply to the same concrete physical circumstances can be implemented on an empirical level. Original article in The Journal of Mind and Behavior is on JSTOR at https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43853678.pdf?seq=1 . Preprint on CERN preprint server at https://cds.cern.ch/record/569426 .

scholarly journals Quantity in Quantum Mechanics and the Quantity of Quantum Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Hermitian Operator ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Complex Hilbert Space ◽  
Probability Density Distribution ◽  
Classical Quantum ◽  
Definition Of

The paper interprets the concept “operator in the separable complex Hilbert space” (particalry, “Hermitian operator” as “quantity” is defined in the “classical” quantum mechanics) by that of “quantum information”. As far as wave function is the characteristic function of the probability (density) distribution for all possible values of a certain quantity to be measured, the definition of quantity in quantum mechanics means any unitary change of the probability (density) distribution. It can be represented as a particular case of “unitary” qubits. The converse interpretation of any qubits as referring to a certain physical quantity implies its generalization to non-Hermitian operators, thus neither unitary, nor conserving energy. Their physical sense, speaking loosely, consists in exchanging temporal moments therefore being implemented out of the space-time “screen”. “Dark matter” and “dark energy” can be explained by the same generalization of “quantity” to non-Hermitian operators only secondarily projected on the pseudo-Riemannian space-time “screen” of general relativity according to Einstein's “Mach’s principle” and his field equation.

Unified theory of classic mechanics and quantum mechanics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (38) ◽  
pp. 2030022
Author(s):  
Hong-Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Mass Point ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Countably Infinite

In this paper, I review one of the most important and interesting parts of my new book “Fuzzy Systems to Quantum Mechanics” (see Ref. 1). Several conclusions in this part are worth introducing here. First of all, the motion of a mass point in classic mechanics has also waviness and the wave function of the motion of a mass point is composed of wave functions of countably infinite microscopic particles. Secondly, based on the waviness of the motion of a mass point we surely know the new conclusion described as the wave-mass-point dualism in classic mechanics. And thirdly, by using the closed relation between the wave-mass-point dualism in classic mechanics and the wave-particle dualism in quantum mechanics, unified theory of classic mechanics and quantum mechanics is naturally formed.

scholarly journals Relational Quantum Mechanics and the PBR Theorem: A Peaceful Coexistence

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Oldofredi ◽  
Caludio Calosi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Type Result ◽  
Relational Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Formal Result ◽  
Underlying Reality ◽  
Physical Item ◽  
Interpretative Framework ◽  
Epistemic View

AbstractAccording to Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) the wave function $$\psi$$ ψ is considered neither a concrete physical item evolving in spacetime, nor an object representing the absolute state of a certain quantum system. In this interpretative framework, $$\psi$$ ψ is defined as a computational device encoding observers’ information; hence, RQM offers a somewhat epistemic view of the wave function. This perspective seems to be at odds with the PBR theorem, a formal result excluding that wave functions represent knowledge of an underlying reality described by some ontic state. In this paper we argue that RQM is not affected by the conclusions of PBR’s argument; consequently, the alleged inconsistency can be dissolved. To do that, we will thoroughly discuss the very foundations of the PBR theorem, i.e. Harrigan and Spekkens’ categorization of ontological models, showing that their implicit assumptions about the nature of the ontic state are incompatible with the main tenets of RQM. Then, we will ask whether it is possible to derive a relational PBR-type result, answering in the negative. This conclusion shows some limitations of this theorem not yet discussed in the literature.

scholarly journals Quantum Implications of Non-Extensive Statistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Cabo Bizet ◽  
César Damián ◽  
Octavio Obregón ◽  
Roberto Santos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Series Solution ◽  
Semiclassical Approximation ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Power Series Solution ◽  
Nonlinear Quantum ◽  
Nonadditive Statistics ◽  
Q Wave

Exploring the analogy between quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, we formulate an integrated version of the Quantropy functional. With this prescription, we compute the propagator associated to Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics in the semiclassical approximation as K=F(T)exp(iScl/ℏ). We determine also propagators associated to different nonadditive statistics; those are the entropies depending only on the probability S± and Tsallis entropy Sq. For S±, we obtain a power series solution for the probability vs. the energy, which can be analytically continued to the complex plane and employed to obtain the propagators. Our work is motivated by the work of Nobre et al. where a modified q-Schrödinger equation is obtained that provides the wave function for the free particle as a q-exponential. The modified q-propagator obtained with our method leads to the same q-wave function for that case. The procedure presented in this work allows to calculate q-wave functions in problems with interactions determining nonlinear quantum implications of nonadditive statistics. In a similar manner, the corresponding generalized wave functions associated to S± can also be constructed. The corrections to the original propagator are explicitly determined in the case of a free particle and the harmonic oscillator for which the semiclassical approximation is exact, and also the case of a particle with an infinite potential barrier is discussed.

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