Agile methodologies in the fundamental stages of industrial design

This document reflects an analysis on the evolution of industrial design and agile methodologies, in order to identify their main characteristics and find those points in common that allow to conclude on the applicability of these methodologies, initially created for software development. , in a process as important as that of industrial design. According to what has been explored, and considering the values that agile methodologies support since their creation in 2001, it is determined that they can guide the design process to a functional, sustainable, useful, aesthetic, economic and formal result, creating a fundamental basis for a specific review of the methodologies that best apply and how to implement them within the field of industrial design. Keywords: Agile Methodologies, Industrial Design, Agile. References [1]J. S. Rial Huerta, «Aplicación de Metodologías Ágiles a Desarrollo de Proyectos,» Sevilla, España, 2019. [2]A. Bramanti, «Estrategias de Innovación en los Procesos Productivos y su Relación con el Diseño Industrial,» 2020. [3]L. De Caicedo, «Diseño Industrial,» Coyontura Económica , vol. 10, nº 4, pp. 141-153, 1980. [4]A. Gay y L. Samar , El diseño industrial en la historia (reimpr.), Ediciones Tec, 2007. [5]G. Vasquez Cabo y C. Amiama Ares, «Métodos ágiles en gestión de proyectos. Aplicación a la explotación y conservación de infraestructuras varias.,» Creative Commons, p. 13, 2018. [6]F. Arroyo y D. Bravo, «El Proceso del Diseño Industrial como Herramienta de la Gestión de la Empresa,» INGENIO, vol. 3, nº 1, pp. 71-83, 2020. [7]C. Riba Romeva, Diseño concurrente, Primera edición: abril 2002 ed., Barcelona, 2002: Ediciones UPC, 2002, p. 226. [8]E. Uribe y L. Ayala, «Del manifiesto ágil sus valores y principios.,» Scientia et technica, vol. 13, nº 34, pp. 381-386, 2007. [9]P. Rodríguez y D. Agustín, «Adopción de metodologías ágiles: un estudio comparativo entre España y Europa,» Revista Española de Innovación, Calidad e Ingeniería del Software, vol. 6, nº 4, pp. 6-28, 2010. [10]D. Cárdenas y P. Quintana, «Aplicabilidad de metodologías ágiles en proyectos competitivos de la industria plástica,» Revista Investigación en Desarrollo y Gerencia Integral de Proyectos, vol. 3, nº 3, pp. 41-63, 2020. [11]M. Gutiérrez, C. Pérez de Celis y G. Cossío , «Aplicación de las metodologías ágiles en el proceso de producción de piezas de arte de nuevos medios: Bio-lenciacomo caso de estudio,» Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, vol. 8, nº 2, pp. 407-424, 2011. [12]D. Moher, A. Liberati, J. Tetzlaff y D. Altman, «Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement,» PLoS Medicine , vol. 8, nº 7716, pp. 336-341, 2009.

Relational Quantum Mechanics and the PBR Theorem: A Peaceful Coexistence

According to Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) the wave function $$\psi$$ ψ is considered neither a concrete physical item evolving in spacetime, nor an object representing the absolute state of a certain quantum system. In this interpretative framework, $$\psi$$ ψ is defined as a computational device encoding observers’ information; hence, RQM offers a somewhat epistemic view of the wave function. This perspective seems to be at odds with the PBR theorem, a formal result excluding that wave functions represent knowledge of an underlying reality described by some ontic state. In this paper we argue that RQM is not affected by the conclusions of PBR’s argument; consequently, the alleged inconsistency can be dissolved. To do that, we will thoroughly discuss the very foundations of the PBR theorem, i.e. Harrigan and Spekkens’ categorization of ontological models, showing that their implicit assumptions about the nature of the ontic state are incompatible with the main tenets of RQM. Then, we will ask whether it is possible to derive a relational PBR-type result, answering in the negative. This conclusion shows some limitations of this theorem not yet discussed in the literature.

THE REASONS OF THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR THE REGULATION OF CONTEMPORARY INTERVENTIONS. TWO EXAMPLES OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE ON DANUBE DELTA AND THE VESUVIUS

The development and growth of the territory has for centuries been conditioned by the availability of resources on site. The minor architecture which is presented as a vast and varied repertoire of unique architectural forms, perfected over time to meet the needs of living places, is the repository of the formal and cultural testimonies that represent the integration between man and environment, which took place in a constant process of adaptation and enhancement of limits and resources in terms of climate, materials, soil morphology and geology. The “not only formal” result of this growth process is a consolidated iconography that summarizes the profound reasons for building through techniques developed according to the characteristics of the available materials and the needs of life and daily work, an absolute synthesis between form and function that gives rise to the repertoire of the lexicon of the architecture of a place and of the landscape. Starting from these reflections, the proposed study seeks to investigate the reasons for the constructive lexicon of some examples of vernacular architecture related to different contexts, identifying the reasons for the constructive choices in terms of relationships between the function of technical elements and construction characteristics; the purpose of this approach is to regulate constructive interventions in consolidated settlements of vernacular architecture by proposing a study methodology that highlights the rules and reasons for those constructive choices so that purely formal distortions and misunderstandings do not occur in current practices. The selected case studies are the rural settlements of Terzigno, a municipality in the province of Naples (Italy) on the slopes of Vesuvius and some of the rural settlements in the Danube Delta, in Romania.

The Role of Conditional Propositions

This chapter explains why the practice of using conditionals assessed by the primary (suppositional) and secondary (testimonial) heuristics is best understood on a material, truth-functional semantics. The aptness of the testimony-based heuristic supports a semantics on which the semantic contribution of ‘if’ is context-insensitive; the aptness of the supposition-based heuristic supports a semantics on which the probability of a conditional is not overestimated by being treated like the conditional probability, and compatibly with that underestimates it as little as possible. A formal result shows that in almost all cases these desiderata mandate the truth-functional interpretation. But that does not imply that the truth-functional interpretation will be transparent to speakers: it does not grant them epistemic access to the truth-conditional equivalence of ‘If A, C’ and ‘Not A or C’. This non-transparent ‘synonymy’ is compared to our understanding in cases of vagueness.

Appendix to Juhani Yli-Vakkuri's ‘Epistemicism and Modality’

A formal result is proved which is used in Juhani Yli-Vakkuri's ‘Epistemicism and Modality’ to argue that certain two-dimensional possible world models are inadequate for a language with operators for ‘necessarily’, ‘actually’, and ‘definitely’.

IMAGING ALL THE PEOPLE

It is well known that aggregating the degree-of-belief functions of different subjects by linear pooling or averaging is subject to a commutativity dilemma: other than in trivial cases, conditionalizing the individual degree-of-belief functions on a piece of evidence E followed by linearly aggregating them does not yield the same result as first aggregating them linearly and then conditionalizing the resulting social degree-of-belief function on E. In the present paper we suggest a novel way out of this dilemma: adapting the method of update or learning such that linear pooling commutes with it. As it turns out, the resulting update scheme – (general) imaging on the evidence – is well-known from areas such as the study of conditionals and causal decision theory, and a formal result from which the required commutativity property is derivable was supplied already by Gärdenfors (1982) in a different context. We end up determining under which conditions imaging would seem to be right method of update, and under which conditions, therefore, group update would not be affected by the commutativity dilemma.

Strategic Voting in Plurality Elections

This paper extends the Calculus of Voting of McKelvey and Ordeshook, providing the first direct derivation of the conditions under which voters will vote strategically: choose their second-most preferred candidate in order to prevent their least-preferred candidate from winning. Addressing this theoretical problem is important, as nearly all empirical research on strategic voting either implicitly or explicitly tests hypotheses which originate from this seminal model. The formal result allows us to isolate the subset of voters to which strategic voting hypotheses properly apply and in turn motivates a critical reevaluation of past empirical work. In making this argument, we develop a unified and parsimonious framework for understanding competing models of tactical voter choice. The typology helps to elucidate the methodological difficulties in studying tactical behavior when faced with heterogeneous explanatory models and suggests the need for both theoretical caution and more precise data instruments in future empirical work.

Γ-limit of the Ginzburg–Landau energy in a thin domain with a large magnetic field

A one-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau model that describes a superconducting closed thin wire with an arbitrary cross-section subject to a large applied magnetic field is derived from the three-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau energy in the spirit of Γ-convergence. Our result proves the validity of the formal result of Richardson and Rubinstein, which reveals the double limit of a large field and a thin domain. An additional magnetic potential related to the applied field is found in the limiting functional, which yields a parabolic background for the oscillatory phase transition curve between the normal and superconducting states.

Theory of Frictional Drag in Coupled Quantum Wells: Beyond Weak Coupling

I give a brief review of the weak coupling theory of frictional drag of the coupled quantum well. I then present a theory of frictional drag based on the Kubo formalism that goes beyond weak coupling. Using the T-matrix approximation, I consider the Maki–Thompson contribution to the transconductivity and obtain a formal result for strong-coupling frictional drag in clean Fermi liquid systems. I discuss how the strong interlayer coupling could affect the temperature dependence of the drag transresistivity.

Microscopic Theory of Transconductivity

Measurements of momentum transfer between two closely spaced mesoscopic electronic systems, which couple via Coulomb interaction but where tunneling is inhibited, have proven to be a fruitful method of extracting information about interactions in mesoscopic systems. We report a fully microscopic theory for transconductivity σ12, or, equivalently, momentum transfer rate between the system constituents. Our main formal result expresses the transconductivity in terms of two fluctuation diagrams, which are topologically related, but not equivalent to, the Azlamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson diagrams known for superconductivity. In the present paper the magnetic field dependence of σ12 is discussed, and we find that σ12(B) is strongly enhanced over its zero field value, and it displays strong features, which can be understood in terms of a competition between density-of-states and screening effects.