scholarly journals Modernization of Russian district heating systems with the help of biomass energy – a Gordian knot?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilma Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Russian North

The article discusses the prospects of local wood waste resources as replacements for fossil fuel imports in the remote settlements of the Russian North from a viewpoint of a case study: the Arkhangelsk region and its outdated heating and fossil fuel delivery systems. Drawing on energy transition literature and expert interviews, the most influential factors are defined in geographic-infrastructural, institutional, financial, and behavioral contexts. In conclusion, the article determines that a key issue is that the constraints for alternative energy sources reinforce each other, while the actors working for them find themselves in an isolated position. This is especially true for the institutional and financial constraints. However, by examining the enabling factors it is possible to see how the bundle of constraints could also be undone together. Most efficient way for success would likely be helping municipalities and actors in the fields of biomass and energy production to form joint clusters and share resources.

Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
I. Czupy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wide Domain ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Unused Resource ◽  
Root Connection ◽  
Different Soils

Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are removed by grabbing technology. Experiments have been carried out to reduce the extraction force. In the Great Hungarian Lowland, where large areas require the operation implementation, stump extraction is done by special, hydraulic driven baggers equipped with a special bucket. During operation of the equipment, we carried out measurements of the extraction force and the time requirement. The experiments are designed to carry out the measurements with different soils and different tree species. According to our proposal the suitable force and torque required to remove stumps can be significantly reduced if before the lifting the soil — root connection is loosened. One of the possible ways to implement this task is the use of vibration. Since relatively great vibration power and wide domain of frequency are necessary, therefore we prepared the loosening machinery elements of alternating-current hydraulics system. Based on constructions variants we created a tractor-mounted experimental alternating-current hydraulic stump-loosening machine. It was designed with the ability to produce horizontal vibration in order to loosen stumps.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-ethanol from Solid Waste Paper Using Biological Activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynu Shamil Awol ◽  
Rezika Tofike Abate
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Office Paper

Abstract Biomass energy is renewable energy source that comes from the material of plants and animals. Forms of biomass energy are bio-ethanol, bio methanol, and biodiesel. Bio-ethanol is one of the most important alternative energy sources that substitute the fossil fuels. The focus of this research is to produce bio-ethanol from waste office paper. Five laboratory experiments were conducted to produce bio-ethanol from wastepaper. The wastepaper was dried in oven and cut in to pieces. Then it passed through dilute acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation process respectively. High amount of ethanol was observed at 20 ml/g (liquid to solid ratio) and at the time of 2hr. Cost and economic analysis for ethanol production from wastepaper was performed. Results from the analysis indicated a paper to ethanol plant was feasible from the economic point of view with rate of return (RR) 38.61% and the payback period of 2.2 years.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE DURING THE ENERGY TRANSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard van der Meijden ◽  
Sjak Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Nonrenewable Resource ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Speed Up

The energy transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources has important consequences for technological change and resource extraction. We examine these consequences by incorporating a nonrenewable resource and an alternative energy source in a market economy model of endogenous growth through expanding varieties. During the energy transition, technological progress is nonmonotonic over time: It declines initially, starts increasing when the economy approaches the regime shift, and jumps down once the resource stock is exhausted. A moment of peak-oil does no longer necessarily occur, and simultaneous use of the resource and the alternative energy source will take place if the return to innovation becomes too low. Subsidies to research and development (R&D) and to renewables production speed up the energy transition, whereas a tax on fossil fuels postpones the switch to renewable energy.

Global Potential of Biomass: Heat, Electricity and Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Markets

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Iyinbor ◽  
Ogunrinde Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Market Factors

Negative environmental effects, diminishing fossil fuel sources and soaring oil prices are some of the pertinent factors militating against the long term usage of fossil fuels. These make the introduction of alternative energy sources an integral part of our global energy plan. On the contrary, established fossil fuel infrastructures, flexibility of fossil fuels and economic gains from the oil sector are a few reasons why there is a global attitude of ‘drill the last drop before developing sustainable alternatives’. There are various energy sources that have little environmental effects and are sustainable (e.g. wind, geothermal, solar, hydro, biomass, e.t.c.), but the potentials they do have when it comes to the major energy utilization forms (heat, electricity and liquid and gaseous fuels) will be a key determinant of how alternative energy sources will be able to match the seemingly invincible presence of fossil fuels. The biomass option is examined in this report considering its potential with respect to heat, electricity and liquid and gaseous fuels market. Factors that may favour or hinder its potential and suitable solutions on how the potential can be increased are also discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PEREKAT TEPUNG PADA BIOBRIKET LIMBAH BAGLOG JAMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widodo Hari Prabowo ◽  
Muhammad Viki Lutfiana ◽  
Rosid Rosid ◽  
Muhammad Burhanuddin Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

ABSTRAK Energi yang berasal dari biomassa misalnya limbah baglog, yang selama ini dibuang atau tidak dimanfaatkan, merupakan limbah yang dapat dikonfersi menjadi sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Limbah baglog  jamur dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar dengan cara, mengubah limbah tersebut menjadi biobriket. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk pengkajian laju pembakaran, nilai kalor, kadar abu, kadar air, kadar zat yang menguap, kadar karbon dan drop test pada biobriket. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan menggunakan perbandingan A (1:1:1) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 250 gram dan air 250 ml, perbandingan B (1:2:2) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 500 gram dan air 500 ml, perbandingan C (1:3:3) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram  limbah baglog 1000 gram dan air 1000 ml. Pembutan yang pertama dengan penghancuran limbah baglog dan pengeringan, pencampuran tepung, limbah baglog dan air, pengepresan biobriket kemudian dikeringkan. Hasil penelitian memperoleh nilai kalor, kadar air, kadar karbon dan kadar zat yang menguap terdapat pada biobriket sampel A (1:1:1) sebesar 4065,69 kal/g, 5%, 15,4%, dan 71,4 %  untuk kadar abu terbaik terdapat pada sampel B (1:2:2) sebesar 4,8%. Kata kunci: Limbah baglog, biobriket, bahan bakar fosil, jamur tiram  ABSTRACT Energy derived from biomass such as baglog waste that has been disposed or not utilized, is a waste that can be converted into alternative energy sources of fossil fuel. Wastes baglog mushrooms are used as fuel by the way, turning the waste into bio briquette. The aim of this research is to test the combustion rate, calorific value, ash content, moisture content, volatile substance content, carbon content and drop test on bio briquett. The method used in the preparation uses A (1: 1: 1) comparison with starchy flour composition 250 grams of baglog 250 grams and 250 ml water, B ratio (1: 2: 2) with  starchy flour composition 250 grams baglog 500 grams and water 500 ml, C ratio (1: 3: 3) with starch flour composition 250 grams of baglog waste 1000 grams and water 1000 ml. Making the first with the destruction of baglog waste and drying, mixing flour, baglog waste and water, briquette pressing then dried. The results of the research were obtained values of caloric, water content, carbon content and the content of volatile substances in A (1: 1: 1) biobriket of 4065.69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% The best ash content was found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. The results obtained of calorific value, moisture content, carbon content and volatile substances were found in A (1: 1: 1) sample biobriket of 4065, 69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% for the best ash content were found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. Keywords : Baglog waste, bio briquette, fossil fuel, oyster mushroom

scholarly journals Mediatisation of alternative energy issues in European mass media

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
M. Butyrina  ◽  
Y. Harkavenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solutions Journalism

The study presents the results of content monitoring of the European press on the subject of alternative energy. The data collected from the current newspaper articles and selected by keywords “alternative energy sources”, “diversification of energy sources”, “energy transition” and “energy markets” are summarised. Trends, problems and prospects of energy transition are revealed. Both pan-European trends and the dynamics of transition in specific countries (Germany, France and Great Britain) are presented. It is noted that the triangle of sustainable development, which is “economy — ecology — society”, needs a powerful media component to ensure public discussion and social approval of the latest energy technologies. It has been proved that the energy turn provides sufficient information support for society to adapt to alternative energy sources and allows key actors to make informed policy decisions. The role of solutions journalism in the implementation of sustainable development goals, including the transition of the society to renewable energy, is pointed out. It is noted that solutions journalism, as a new direction of media activity, corresponds to the interpretive contextual function of journalism, which provides coverage of productive precedents for solving social problems in different countries. The role of the media in popularisation of such precedents is shown. The tools of solutions journalism used in the European countries are indicated, namely engaging the expert community, providing positive forecasts, appealing to the productive experience of other countries, covering the political side of the issue and opportunities for savings through the transition to alternative energy sources, and promotion of green technologies.

The Limits of Household Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Do So

Several factors limit the ability of households to conserve energy or transition to alternative energy sources, even when individuals are motivated to do so. This chapter is organized around several forms of fossil-fuel dependency: economic, organizational, and societal lock-in. For illustrative examples, it draws on 45 interviews from three groups who are attempting to reduce their consumption of energy, water, and consumer goods: voluntary simplifiers, religious environmentalists, and green homeowners. Economic, organizational, and societal constraints guide consumption patterns down certain paths and resist change. In order to make new paths more widely available, systemic changes and upstream solutions are required.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Flexible Organic Thermoelectrics

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Culebras ◽  
Kyungwho Choi ◽  
Chungyeon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Issues

Environmental energy issues caused by the burning of fossil fuel such as coal, and petroleum, and the limited resources along with the increasing world population pose a world-wide challenge. Alternative energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy, have been suggested as practical and affordable solutions to future energy needs. Among energy conversion technologies, thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered one of the most potential candidates to play a crucial role in addressing today’s global energy issues. TE materials can convert waste heat such as the sun, automotive exhaust, and industrial processes to a useful electrical voltage with no moving parts, no hazardous working chemical-fluids, low maintenance costs, and high reliability. These advantages of TE conversion provide solutions to solve the energy crisis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on organic TE materials, focused on polymers and their corresponding organic composites incorporated with carbon nanofillers (including graphene and carbon nanotubes). Various strategies to enhance the TE properties, such as electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, in polymers and polymer composites will be highlighted. Then, a discussion on polymer composite based TE devices is summarized. Finally, brief conclusions and outlooks for future research efforts are presented.

scholarly journals The current status, challenges and prospects of using biomass energy in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natei Ermias Benti ◽  
Gamachis Sakata Gurmesa ◽  
Tegenu Argaw ◽  
Abreham Berta Aneseyee ◽  
Solomon Gunta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Biomass Availability

AbstractDespite enormous challenges in accessing sustainable energy supplies and advanced energy technologies, Ethiopia has one of the world's fastest growing economies. The development of renewable energy technology and the building of a green legacy in the country are being prioritized. The total installed capacity for electricity generation in Ethiopia is 4324.3 MW as on October, 2018. Renewable energy accounts for 96.5% of total generation; however, despite the county's enormous biomass energy potential, only 0.58% of power is generated using biomass. Ethiopia has surplus woody biomass, crop residue and animal dung resources which comprise about 141.8 million metric tons of biomass availability per year. At present the exploited potential is about 71.9 million metric tons per year. This review paper provides an in-depth assessment of Ethiopia's biomass energy availability, potential, challenges, and prospects. The findings show that, despite Ethiopia's vast biomass resource potential, the current use of modern energy from biomass is still limited. As a result, this study supports the use of biomass-based alternative energy sources without having a negative impact on the socioeconomic system or jeopardizing food security or the environment. This finding also shows the challenges, opportunities and possible solutions to tackle the problem to expand alternative energy sources. The most effective techniques for producing and utilizing alternate energy sources were also explored. Moreover, some perspectives are given based on the challenges of using efficient energy production and sustainable uses of biomass energy in Ethiopia as it could be also implemented in other developing countries. We believe that the information in this review will shed light on the current and future prospects of biomass energy deployment in Ethiopia.

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