scholarly journals Social Network Approaches to Bullying and Victimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Veenstra ◽  
Gijs Huitsing
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Dyadic Relationships ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavior Dynamics ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
The Impact

Social network research is the way to examine bullying as a group process. Cross-sectional network studies allow us to examine who bullies whom or who defends whom, as well as the agreement on these dyadic relationships. Longitudinal network studies allow us to particularly examine selection and influence processes. The longitudinal studies with the most power have shown that selection and influence processes play a role for bullies. For victims, selection and influence processes have been found in adolescence (secondary education), but not in childhood (elementary education). Social network dynamics in bullying and victimization can also be linked to research on the impact of social norms or the evaluation of an intervention. Recent studies have also started to examine interdependencies between multiple positive and negative relationships. Most social network research on bullying and victimization has been done in late childhood or early adolescence. A few studies, however, have shown that it is also feasible to examine network-behavior dynamics at younger ages. Further research is necessary on whether and how individuals in a network, relationship patterns, or the entire network structure can be targeted by interventions.

scholarly journals The nature and scope of patient-sharing network research: a novel, important area for network science

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robbins ◽  
Azizi Seixas ◽  
Antoinette Schoenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Network Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract A robust literature exists that draws on social network approaches to understand connections among individuals, and healthcare and behavior-related implications. This article offers commentary on the scoping review conducted by Dugoff et al. that examines “patient-sharing” networks, their characteristics, and various methodological approaches. The scoping review conducted by Dugoff et al. examines the characteristics and methods employed in patient-sharing network studies. It identified the most common measures used in patient-sharing network research, as well as theories used in patient-sharing network studies. Dugoff et al. also identified many studies that examined healthcare utilization considerations for patient sharing. Understanding the connections between providers and the flow of patients between providers could lend insight into barriers and enablers to efficient healthcare systems.

Effect of Unobserved Contextual Factors on the Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substance Use in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Environment ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To explore the associations of characteristics of the cluster environment with new psychoactive substances (NPS) use in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 30,411 Thai people, stratified in multi-stage cluster sampling. Trained interviewers conducted a semi-structured interview in 2016. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the effects of the cluster environment on the NPS use. Results: NPS was widely used. The past month prevalence was 13.6%, and habitual use was 4.4%. Clustering significantly affects the spread of NPS use. Controlling for cluster effects, a likelihood of current NPS use was associated with elementary education, occupation, and reported health problems. While a higher likelihood of habitual NPS use was associated with elementary education, employed, and perceived mental health problem. Conclusion: NPS use was influenced by characteristics of the cluster environment. Therefore, demand reduction strategies should be designed based on a consideration of the impact of cluster context on NPS use behaviors. Keywords: Cluster effect, New psychoactive substance, NPS, Thailand

Anti-Social Powers and the Regulation of Street Sex Work

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Street Sex Work ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on the use of anti-social behavior powers in relation to a group of vulnerable women – street sex workers. It illustrates how the use of legal tools – anti-social behavior orders and public nuisance injunctions – against sex workers has been both misplaced and ineffective. The article also considers the use of anti-social powers in light of the government's leaning towards the coercive (or some might argue the compulsory) rehabilitation of sex workers. In doing so, it draws attention to the lack of research on the impact of both exclusion orders and rehabilitation orders for sex workers. Whilst it is important to fill this knowledge gap, it is argued that future investigations in this area would benefit from social network research approaches.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of Network Studies in Depression: What Different Methodological Approaches Tell Us About Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Taylor M. Hodges ◽  
Evelien Snippe ◽  
Fionneke M. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Network Studies

The network theory of psychopathology proposes that mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms. This theory provides a promising framework to understand the development and maintenance of mental disorders such as depression. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on network studies in the field of depression. Four methodological network approaches are distinguished: (i) studies focusing on symptoms at the macro-level vs. (ii) on momentary states at the micro-level, and (iii) studies based on cross-sectional vs. (iv) time-series (dynamic) data. Fifty-six studies were identified. We found that different methodological approaches to network theory yielded largely inconsistent findings on depression. Centrality is a notable exception: the majority of studies identified either positive affect or anhedonia as central nodes. To aid future research in this field, we outline a novel complementary network theory, the momentary affect dynamics (MAD) network theory, to understand the development of depression. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research and discuss if and how networks might be used in clinical practice. We conclude that more empirical network studies are needed to determine whether the network theory of psychopathology can indeed enhance our understanding of the underlying structure of depression and advance clinical treatment.

The impact of organizational social networks on salespeople’s negative headquarters stereotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1913
Author(s):  
Babak Hayati ◽  
Sandeep Puri
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sales Forces

Purpose Extant sales management literature shows that holding negative headquarters stereotypes (NHS) by salespeople is harmful to their sales performance. However, there is a lack of research on how managers can leverage organizational structures to minimize NHS in sales forces. This study aims to know how social network patterns influence the flow of NHS among salespeople and sales managers in a large B2B sales organization. Design/methodology/approach The authors hypothesize and test whether patterns of social networks among salespeople and sales managers determine the stereotypical attitudes of salespeople toward corporate directors and, eventually, impact their sales performance. The authors analyzed a multi-level data set from the B2B sales forces of a large US-based media company. Findings The authors found that organizational social network properties including the sales manager’s team centrality, sales team’s network density and sales team’s external connectivity moderate the flow of NHS from sales managers and peer salespeople to a focal salesperson. Research limitations/implications First, the data was cross-sectional and did not allow the authors to examine the dynamics of social network patterns and their impact on NHS. Second, The authors only focused on advice-seeking social networks and did not examine other types of social networks such as friendship and trust networks. Third, the context was limited to one company in the media industry. Practical implications The authors provide recommendations to sales managers on how to leverage and influence social networks to minimize the development and flow of NHS in sales forces. Originality/value The findings advance existing knowledge on how NHS gets shared and transferred in sales organizations. Moreover, this study provides crucial managerial insights with regard to controlling and managing NHS in sales forces.

Opposition to Early Dental Visit by Dentists: A Qualitative Study on Mothers’ Social Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110590
Author(s):  
J.M. Burgette ◽  
Z.T. Dahl ◽  
R.J. Weyant ◽  
D.W. McNeil ◽  
B. Foxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To examine whether information that mothers received from dentists in their social network was consistent with professional recommendations for the first dental visit at age 1 y. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional qualitative study on mothers in Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 2018 to 2020 to explore how their social networks influence their children’s dental service utilization. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 126 mothers of children ages 3 to 5 y. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using NVivo 12. Two investigators analyzed data using grounded theory and the constant comparative method. Results: Over half of mothers reported a professional relationship with a dentist as part of their social network on children’s oral health. Mothers described the following themes: 1) mothers contacted dentists in their social network for child dental information and to schedule their child’s first dental visit, 2) mothers described dentists’ justifications for the timing of the first dental visit older than age 1 y, 3) mothers described the impact of the dentist declining to see her child, and 4) after the dentist declined to see her child, some mothers did not comply with the dentist’s recommendation of delayed child dental visits because they were given alternative information that encouraged early dental visits. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a need for dentists to reinforce mothers’ dental-seeking behavior for young children and adhere to recommendations on the age 1 dental visit. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Qualitative data on mothers’ social networks show that dentists play a key role in access to early dental visits, particularly when dentists decline to see the mother’s child for visits.

scholarly journals Socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402097669
Author(s):  
Rusi Jaspal ◽  
Glynis M Breakwell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a focus on isolation and loneliness is important, especially as social distancing policies (which for some groups involve self-isolation or quarantine) are likely to accentuate these experiences and affect mental health. Aims: This study focuses on socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two-hundred and fourteen residents of Wandsworth, a South West London Borough in the United Kingdom completed an online cross-sectional survey on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests and multiple regression. Results: Middle-aged people reported a less strong social network and more loneliness, anxiety and depression than younger people. People with a long-term health condition reported a less strong social network, more loneliness, more general practitioner (GP) and hospital visits, and poorer mental health than those with no long-term health conditions. People receiving State financial benefits reported less use of public spaces, a less strong social network, more loneliness, more GP and hospital visits and poorer mental health than those not receiving benefits. Greater neighbourhood identification was associated with a stronger social network and better mental health outcomes. Multiple regression analyses showed that, over and above loneliness, perceived personal risk of COVID-19 constitutes an additional precipitant for both depression and anxiety when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: As a novel stressor associated with the pandemic, the situational and involuntary perception of being at risk of COVID-19 may be stimulating anxiety and depressive symptomatology, which will need to be managed effectively as resurgences of the disease are predicted and communicated to the general public under growing mistrust and uncertainty.

Effects of nutrition knowledge, personal health and self-efficacy on food-related teaching practices of elementary school pre-service teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-986
Author(s):  
Catherine C Coccia ◽  
Javier Tamargo ◽  
Alison K Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of personal health, body mass index (BMI), nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy on classroom food-related beliefs and practices. Design: A cross-sectional design evaluated BMI, personal health index (PHI), nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy and food-related beliefs and practices of pre-service teachers. Setting: Pre-service teachers were recruited from upper division elementary education courses at a university in the southeast region of the USA. Participants ( n = 94) were Hispanic (65%), White (60%) and female (93%). Method: Participants completed a survey composed of validated questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling were used to examine the relationships between pre-service teachers’ personal nutrition factors and food-related teaching beliefs. Results: Results indicate that personal health factors, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy for teaching nutrition contribute to pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the school food environment and food-related teaching practices. Conclusion: Interventions focusing on student teachers’ personal health behaviours and nutrition knowledge may be helpful, as pre-service teachers develop their nutrition-related classroom behavioural intentions.

scholarly journals Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manahil Jamil ◽  
Qurat ul Ain ◽  
Salma Batool ◽  
Sidra Saadat ◽  
Shaista Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
The Impact

Social media is a mode of communication, influencing nearly every field of life. Researchers have found that the use of social media can be addictive, which may cause significant impairment in various aspects of an individual’s life. This study has been designed to investigate the impact of Social Networking on students’ academic performance in Islamabad and Rawalpindi (Pakistan). This Cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to February 2020. 385 students of age 15 to 25 years, enrolled in different educational institutes of twin cities were included in the study. Data was collected using self-designed Questionnaire. Analysis of data was performed using SPSS V.21. Total of 348 participants were included from different educational institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad city. Studies show that among youth, teen age group was more addicted to social networking and maximum participants were using social media for more than 3 years for just recreation or relaxation purpose. Though the results do not show statistical significance (Social Network Usage per 24 hours* Negative Effect of social networking on study timings p-value 0.061) but being close to the statistically significant figure, shows that somehow the fact that spending more time on social network has overall negative effect on academic’s outcome. We cross tabulated, duration since using social network with social network usage/24 hours and found statistically significant association between it (i.e. p- value= 0.000) which shows that those who were using social media for longer duration are actually using it for no specific reason or fruitful purpose. Most of the subjects under study were females in both age groups. More time spent on social media in 24 hours affects the study timings negatively thus affecting the study outcome and academic results.

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