scholarly journals The 2020 Research on Problematic Information on the COVID19 Pandemic. A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Righetti ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
Giada Marino
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Magazine Articles

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major turning point in scholarly attention to information-related problems, including the infodemic and fake news. The paper presents a systematic and comprehensive literature review on multidisciplinary research into problematic information around COVID-19 published in 2020, with a view to identifying the main trends from a disciplinary, methodological, and substantive perspective. We collected 862 records in English from three leading scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost) by searching, in the title and abstract, a set of keywords related to COVID-19 and information problems. After removing the duplicates and documents other than scientific papers published in scientific journals (such as magazine articles and letters), the three authors screened the records to retain the empirical articles which dealt more than just incidentally with the topic, ending up with 378 papers. The three coders analyzed the results and applied a number of pre-defined categories related to the disciplinary, methodological, and substantive characteristics of the papers. Analysis of frequencies and computational methods, including social network analysis and text mining, were used to analyze the data. The corpus of 378 papers published in 2020 on problematic COVID-19 information revealed considerable contributions from Medicine and Social Sciences and a disciplinarily and geographically interconnected field. Quantitative methods and especially surveys stand out as the most popular approaches, with a considerable number of more discursive papers offering expert views on pandemic-related informational problems. The main trends from a substantive perspective were conspiracy theories and their impact on norm compliance, and the attention to informational problems defined though the concept of infodemic.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards Fake News: A Systematic Literature Review

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 03) ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
Shaikha Mohammed Ali Bin Helal Alkhateri ◽  
S. Indra Devi ◽  
Zanariah Jano ◽  
Samer Ali Al-shami
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
National Governments

The rise of social media has provided a means for the spread of fake news, factual false information that is used to further a financial, political or societal agenda. The response to fake news on social media can be from individual users, social media platform companies, or respective national governments. This systematic literature review was designed to determine whether there is commonality across cultures and nations as to fake news exposure, response to encountering fake news on social media, and attitudes towards mediating efforts. A total of five published journal articles were selected, each using quantitative methods and representing five distinct geographical areas. These articles formed the bases for a systematic literature review that answered the research questions concerned with attitudes towards the threat of fake news, responses to fake news encountered on social media platforms, and attitudes towards efforts to curb fake news, whether by individuals, social media platform companies, or governments. Results showed universal recognition of fake news as a potential or real threat, mixed results as to whether fake news is read or shared by respondents, and mixed results regarding which actor (people, companies or governments) should lead mitigation efforts. These results emphasize the cultural and societal differences that must be considered when investigating fake news, particularly with the intention to develop recommendations or guidelines for its reduction.

Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Steve Rathje ◽  
Kimberly Doell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Social

The spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories, represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and policy. Research is beginning to disentangle how and why misinformation is spread and identify processes that contribute to this social problem. We propose an integrative model to understand the social, political, and cognitive psychology risk factors that underlie the spread of misinformation and highlight strategies that might be effective in mitigating this problem. However, the spread of misinformation is a rapidly growing and evolving problem; thus scholars need to identify and test novel solutions, and work with policy makers to evaluate and deploy these solutions. Hence, we provide a roadmap for future research to identify where scholars should invest their energy in order to have the greatest overall impact.

scholarly journals Linguistic drivers of misinformation diffusion on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Di Domenico ◽  
Annamaria Tuan ◽  
Marco Visentin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Textual Cues ◽  
Twitter Users

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedent amounts of fake news and hoax spread on social media. In particular, conspiracy theories argued on the effect of specific new technologies like 5G and misinformation tarnished the reputation of brands like Huawei. Language plays a crucial role in understanding the motivational determinants of social media users in sharing misinformation, as people extract meaning from information based on their discursive resources and their skillset. In this paper, we analyze textual and non-textual cues from a panel of 4923 tweets containing the hashtags #5G and #Huawei during the first week of May 2020, when several countries were still adopting lockdown measures, to determine whether or not a tweet is retweeted and, if so, how much it is retweeted. Overall, through traditional logistic regression and machine learning, we found different effects of the textual and non-textual cues on the retweeting of a tweet and on its ability to accumulate retweets. In particular, the presence of misinformation plays an interesting role in spreading the tweet on the network. More importantly, the relative influence of the cues suggests that Twitter users actually read a tweet but not necessarily they understand or critically evaluate it before deciding to share it on the social media platform.

scholarly journals Clustering the mediators between the sales control systems and the sales performance using the AMO model: A narrative systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Benet-Zepf ◽  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Ines Küster
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Business Source Premier

Purpose: To identify all types of sales force control systems in the academic literature, and to cluster the mediators between these controls and the performances, according to the AMO model (abilities, motivations, and opportunities), analysing how each of these three groups of mediators are influenced by control systems, and how they impact on the sales performance, using a systematic literature review]Design/methodology/approach: Scientific papers published during the last 32 years, using as databases: Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Business, Management and Social Sciences were taken as selection fields. False positives identification, exclusions after reading the abstracts, and after reading the whole article, was performed by the authors by consensus. 114 articles of the initial selection of non-repeated references, together with 28 additional citations integrated the final selection.Findings: A new framework based on a grouping of mediators between the control systems and the performances, into abilities, motivations and capabilities is proposed. Originality/value: As academic result, the review highlights that all three groups from the AMO model evidence positive impacts on sales performance when a behavioral control system (mostly from the capability part) is in use, by enhancing salesperson’s skills, motivation, and organizational conditions and support, fostering as a result, a salesperson relational approach and a customer orientation, which generate the best outcomes in the long term. These findings suggest as a managerial contribution, that coaching and leading -rather than commanding- to be a more appropriate control attitude, especially when the salesperson is younger or unexperienced.

Systematic Literature Review of the Natural Environment of the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, from a Conservation Perspective

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Zakharovskyi ◽  
Károly Németh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Silver Mineralization

This research presents a literature review of published scientific literature on the Coromandel Peninsula, a well-known region of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It contains many biological, geological, and historical features and is well known for beautiful scenery, resulting from a volcanic rock-dominated terrestrial environment influenced by oceanic factors at the coast. All these factors have combined to make the Coromandel a popular tourism destination for New Zealanders and offshore visitors. In researching the current state of knowledge of the region, we searched three scientific databases to define the main ways of studying the region. The results demonstrated a high interest in biological and environmental factors, reflected in the type and scale of conservation measures applied to flora and fauna of the region. Additionally, specificity of geological evolution was a highly examined subject, in the context of hydrothermal alteration as related to gold and silver mineralization resulting in extensive exploration and mining. Meanwhile, indigenous cultural aspects of the land were not recognizable as expected within Western scientific literature, even though the region contains sites recognized as some of the earliest Māori habitations. Therefore, we suggest future studies to expand our understanding of scientific, cultural, and social aspects of the region as applied to the field of conservation in the region.

scholarly journals A Influência da Bichectomia na Agradabilidade Facial

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 660-666
Author(s):  
Lucia Gloria Diana Aguilar Pizzurno ◽  
Ana Claudia De Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Paula Oltramari ◽  
Thais Maria Fernandes Poletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Library ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Facial Beauty ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
The Mind

A beleza pode ser definida como uma combinação de qualidades que dão prazer aos sentidos ou a mente. Cirurgiões plásticos acreditam que o volume da bochecha é um importante determinante da beleza facial e aparência jovem. Na Ortodontia, não é suficiente apenas perceber o que interfere no sorriso, é necessário diagnosticar o que se encontra fora da normalidade, para que se possa estabelecer um plano de tratamento. Assim como nos problemas funcionais seguimos condutas que nos levam ao diagnóstico das anomalias, os problemas estéticos também necessitam de parâmetros para que encontremos os defeitos. Nesse âmbito, as investigações científicas sobre os critérios utilizados pelo ortodontista e pacientes para definir um sorriso ou uma face como esteticamente agradável poderiam edificar uma sólida escada para o entendimento das diferenças entre a percepção do profissional e a do paciente. Durante a execução do tratamento, a consulta de pesquisas cientificas que norteiem a situação favorece seu decurso. Nortear a identificação e manejo no diagnóstico e indicação adequada da bichectomia foi o objetivo desta revisão de literatura realizada nas bases de dados científicas National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: Pubmed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram recuperados 1710 artigos científicos, que após seleção resultaram em 48 artigos relacionados à descrição e manejo no diagnóstico e indicação adequada da Bichectomia, escolhidos para elaboração desta revisão de literatura. A existência de materiais de fácil consulta com embasamento científico adequado para orientação aos pacientes na tomada de decisões enquanto a Bichectomia favorece manejo do tratamento.   Palavras-chave: Bichectomia. Gordura de Bichat. Estética. Diagnostico. Ortodontia.   Abstract Beauty can be defined as a combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses or the mind.  Plastic surgeons believe that cheek volume is an important determinant of facial beauty and youthful appearance.  In orthodontics, it is not enough to just understand what interferes with the smile, it is necessary to diagnose what is out of the ordinary, so that a treatment plan can be established.  Just as in functional problems we follow conducts that lead us to the diagnosis of anomalies, aesthetic problems also need parameters in order to find the defects. In this context, scientific investigations on the criteria used by orthodontists and patients to define a smile or face as aesthetically pleasing could build a solid ladder for understanding the differences between the professional's and the patient's perception.  During the execution of the treatment, the consultation of scientific research that guides the situation favors its course.  To guide the identification and management in the diagnosis and adequate indication of bichectomy was the objective of this literature review carried out in the scientific databases National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: Pubmed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO).  1710 scientific articles were retrieved, which after selection resulted in 48 articles related to the description and management in the diagnosis and adequate indication of Bichectomy, chosen for the elaboration of this literature review. The existence of easy-to-consult materials with an adequate scientific basis to guide patients in making decisions while Bichectomy favors treatment management.   Keywords: Bichectomy. Buccal Fat Pad. Aesthetics. Diagnostics. Orthodontics  

scholarly journals Typology of Business-Related Fake News Online: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Marko Selakovic ◽  
Anna Tarabasz ◽  
Monica Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
News Online

Objective – This review paper discusses the emergence of scholarly articles related to the typology and classification of fake news and offers solutions for identified gaps, such as unstandardized terminology and unstandardized typology in the field of fake news-related research. Typology of fake news is a critical topic nowadays: recently emerged fake news needs to be categorized and analyzed in a structured manner in order to respond appropriately. Methodology/Technique – Based on the systematic review of literature identified in scientific databases, different typologies of fake news have been identified and a new typology of business-related fake news online has been proposed. New typology of business-related fake news online is based on factors such as level of facticity, intention to deceive and financial motivation. Findings and novelty – Content analysis of 326 articles containing terms related to the typology of fake news and classification of fake news indicates that the term “typology of fake news” is predominantly used in management, marketing and communications research, while the term “classification of fake news” is predominantly used in the information technology research. The content analysis also indicates the recent emergence of the topic of typology and classification of fake news in academic research, revealing that all articles related to these topics have been published on or after 2016. In addition to the contribution by presenting comprehensive typology of business-related fake news online, this paper also provides recommendations for future research and improvements related to the typology of fake news, emphasizing business-related fake news and fake news spread in the digital space. Type of Paper: Review JEL Classification: M31, M39. Keywords: Fake News; Crisis Communications; Online Communications; Digital Marketing; Management Research; Marketing Research Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Selakovic, M; Tarabasz, A; Gallant, M. (2020). Typology of Business-Related Fake News Online: A Literature Review, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review 5(4) 234 – 243. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.4(5)

scholarly journals INNOVATION AT AIRPORTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (2000–2019)

Aviation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231
Author(s):  
Sena Kiliç ◽  
Caglar Ucler ◽  
Luis Martin-Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Challenging Environment

Airports operate in a highly-competitive and challenging environment. Therefore, in order to remain competitive, innovation is imperative for airports. This paper aims to conduct academic research into innovation at airports by reviewing studies published from 2000 to 2019 for presenting key findings. A systematic literature review was made based on scientific papers indexed in Scopus with the keywords innovation and airport in the title, abstract or keywords sections, consolidating the innovation focus, approach and degree discussed with respect to innovation areas and territorial focal points. Consequently, it was found that research on airport innovation is: (i) mainly focused on products/services, (ii) concerned with leveraging ICT (Informatıon Communication Technology), (iii) implemented ad-hoc without a consolidated strategic approach, and (iv) lacks the input of external innovation scholars and specialists.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI TEOLOG MASA KINI DI INDONESIA TERHADAP PIKIRAN TEOLOGI BAPAK-BAPAK GEREJA ABAD PERTAMA SAMPAI KETIGA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detty Manongko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Church History ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Church

The research of exploring the Church History have not been many studies done in Indonesia. Though this field is related to the theology, especially the development of Christian Theology for centuries. One area of Church History that needs to be examined are the Christian Thought of the Church Fathers from first to third centuries. The field is often called “Patrology” which is the study of Church Fathers from first to third centuries. Who are they, what are the results of their work, why they have produced such theological thoughts, and what they thoughts are still influencing to the contemporary theologians in Indonesia?The main problem in this research is how does the perception of contemporary theologians in Indonesia to the Chruch Father’ s theological thoughts? Through a literature review of Soteriology, Christology, and Eschatology, then this research has yielded important principles concerning to the Church Fathers’s theological thoughts at the Early Church period. And then through the field research has proven that the majority of contemporary theologians in Indonesia have a positive perception to the Church Fathers’s theological thought from first to the third centuries. Therefore, the reasons of why this research is conducted and how it is done are described in the first chapter of these book. The second chapter of this writing contains a literature review of the theological thoughts of the church fathers from the first century to the third. There are four groups of Church Fathers from the first century to the third. There are four groups of Church Fathers that are described in this chapter, i.e., The Apostolic Fathers (from the first to the middle of second century), The Aplogists (second century), The Anti-Gnostic Fathers (second and third century), and The Alexandrian Fathers (third century). The third chapter discusses the quantitative methods used in this research including statistical models to prove the validity and reliability of the data acquisition method that is used in the field of this research. It desperately needs accuracy and diligence in order to display a quality and useful research reports for the development of Church History studies. Discussion of the results of this study, along with the evidence that reinforces the result of this research is presented in the fourth chapter. Finally, the fifth chapter of this study elaborates the main thoughts that are generated in this study, which also expected to be important principles in conducting futher research.The results obtained in this study are not yet maximal on account of various constraints, such as limited time, facilities, funding, and so forth. However, the writer wishes that the results achieved in this study will give a valuable contribution to all readers of this writing and that it will be a motivation for a further research in the field of Church History in the future.

Clarifying the Relations between Intellectual Humility and Misinformation Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Marie Bowes ◽  
Arber Tasimi
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Three Samples

Misinformation is widespread and consequential. Thus, identifying psychological characteristics that might mitigate misinformation susceptibility represents a timely and pragmatically important issue. One construct that may be particularly relevant to misinformation susceptibility is intellectual humility (IH). As such, we examined whether IH is related to less misinformation susceptibility, what aspects of IH best predict misinformation susceptibility, and whether these relations are unique to IH. Across three samples, IH tended to manifest small-to-medium negative relations with misinformation susceptibility (pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, and fake news). IH measures assessing both intrapersonal and interpersonal features tended to be stronger correlates of misinformation susceptibility than measures assessing either intrapersonal or interpersonal features in isolation. These relations tended to remain robust after controlling for covariates (honesty-humility, cognitive reflection, political ideology). Future research should leverage our results to examine whether IH interventions not only reduce misinformation susceptibility but also lessen its appeal for those already committed to misinformation.

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