scholarly journals Social-Ecological Barriers to Student-parents’ Academic Success: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobi V Ajayi ◽  
Gloria Odonkor ◽  
MPH Sonya Panjwani ◽  
Oluwafemi Aremu ◽  
Whitney Garney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
System Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Level Problem ◽  
Four Year Institutions

Students who are parents in higher education (HE) in the United States encounter competing demands and challenges while navigating multiple roles as parents, students, and employees. These challenges are multifaceted and can hinder their degree attainment. Using the socio-ecological model, we systematically summarized existing literature published between 2009 - 2020 to understand the experiences and predictors of student-parents academic outcomes in HE. The reviewed articles included students from two-year and four-year institutions (community college, undergraduates, and graduate students). The analysis revealed that the constraints to student-parents academic success are a system-level problem. Most of the barriers and facilitators identified were related to structural policies adopted by HE. This study concludes with recommendations for future research, policymakers, and the school ecosystem.

Abstract W P304: Variation in Use of Carotid Revascularization Procedures and In-Hospital Mortality Among Large, Urban Teaching Hospitals in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H Lichtman ◽  
Erica C Leifheit-Limson ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
Larry B Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Level ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Teaching ◽  
Carotid Revascularization ◽  
Hospital Variation ◽  
Revascularization Procedures

Background: Guidelines and quality improvement efforts seek to minimize variation in care and outcomes across hospitals. We assessed hospital-level variation in procedure rates and in-hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke at similar hospitals in the US. The use of procedures and in-hospital mortality were not expected to vary significantly among comparable, high-volume facilities after adjusting for patient case-mix. Methods: We selected urban teaching hospitals with ≥100 annual ischemic stroke discharges (ICD-9 433, 434, 436) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2010-2011. Generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify between-hospital variation in the use of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and endarterectomy (CEA), as well as in-hospital mortality, adjusting for patient characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to reflect the odds that patients would have the procedure/outcome when treated at hospitals 1 SD above relative to hospitals 1 SD below the overall rate for that procedure/outcome (an odds ratio of 1.0 would reflect no hospital variation in the procedure/outcome). Results: A total of 105 urban teaching hospitals were selected, with a median annual volume of 453 ischemic stroke discharges (IQR 351-600). Among a total of 52,090 ischemic stroke discharges (mean age 68±14.8 yrs), the overall rates were 3.7% (SD 3.1) for CAS and 15.6% (SD 8.0) for CEA; in-hospital mortality was 4.3% (SD 1.7). The odds of receiving CAS and CEA were almost 7 and 4 times as high, respectively, for a patient treated at a hospital 1 SD above versus 1 SD below the overall rate for that procedure (CAS: 6.68, 95% CI 4.97-8.98; CEA: 3.62, 95% CI 3.17-4.13). The odds of dying for those treated at a hospital 1 SD above relative to 1 SD below the overall mortality rate were 2.09 (95% CI 1.98-2.21). Conclusions: There was marked between-hospital heterogeneity in the use of carotid revascularization procedures and in-hospital mortality among large, urban US teaching hospitals. Future research needs to identify system-level factors contributing to these variations in care and outcomes.

Effects of Indigenous-focused curriculum on elementary students' engagement and cultural identity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa N. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Achievement disparities stratified by race and socioeconomic status persist across all academic disciplines and grade levels in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics, 2010). Culturally responsive teaching (CRT) is a direct response to concern over an academic achievement differential and high school dropout rates based on race, socioeconomic class, and level of English language ability (Vavrus, 2008). Several researchers have theorized that student engagement may explain variation in student achievement across ethnic groups (Connell, Spencer, and Aber, 1994; Finn and Rock, 1997; Steele, 1997). In the case of Indigenous students, cultural representation within the curriculum has the potential to engage students with the content. Additionally, there is ample evidence that a strong Indigenous identity can be a source of resilience for Indigenous youth, contributing to their academic success and well-being (Lester, 1999; Walters, Simoni, and Evans-Campbell, 2002; Whitbeck, Hoyt, McMorris, Chen and Stubben, 2001). More research is needed to understand the relationship between culture-specific programs, universal contributors to school success, and Indigenous student outcomes (Powers, 2006). ... Each classroom completed behavior and academic engagement ratings using a multiple baseline design, including baseline and intervention phases. The intervention phase involved teachers providing instruction in the areas of science and social studies using the lessons from the NDNAEU curriculum. The results from the study indicated minimal change in behavior and academic engagement ratings for one classroom. However, the improvements for each classroom during the intervention phase were small, in comparison to baseline. Each classroom displayed small changes in pre-and post-test cognitive and affective scores and small to medium effects on cultural identity. Future research is needed to determine the impact of Indigenous-focused curricula on student outcomes. Implications for research and practice, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

A Framework for Educating Newcomer Refugees in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
School Belonging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
The Impact

Each year, the United States resettles more refugees than any other country in the world. These students are placed into foreign learning environments where they are forced to adapt to new academic settings while also adjusting to a new culture. Often times, these students are escaping a violent past and are placed with teachers who have limited training in dealing with such issues. This article provides school leaders with intentional implementation strategies within a three-tiered framework that can be used to guide districts towards a more comprehensive and culturally responsive educational setting. Future research would be beneficial in the areas of students’ feelings of school belonging, selfawareness, nationality equating to academic achievement, and the impact entry age has on academic success.

Teen Parents’ Cumulative Inequality in Job Achievement: Mediation Effect of Educational Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Junghee Bae
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Teen Parents

Abstract Teen pregnancy remains an important societal concern in the United States because teen pregnancy tremendously influences teen parents in terms of opportunities for education and employment. However, little is known about the long-term dynamic relationship between the trajectory of educational attainment and trajectory of  job achievement among teen parents. This study examined the sample of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, which comprises representative American youths born between 1980 and 1984 (N = 7,771). Latent growth models revealed that teen parents had not only lower initial educational levels, hourly compensation, and annual wages, but also lower increases in educational level, hourly compensation, and annual wages over 10 years. Also, the latent growth mediation model found that initial educational level and changes in educational level mediated the negative association between teen parents and job achievement. These findings suggest that social work intervention for teen parents should focus on supporting academic success in the long term and providing appropriate employment training programs for better job achievement. Future research may contribute by examining the long-term effect of being a teen parent beyond 10 years and investigating differences between teen mothers and teen fathers.

scholarly journals Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Importance of Management Skills in the Hospitality Industry

10.28945/4198 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 021-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Quinn ◽  
Nicole A. Buzzetto-Hollywood
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Competencies ◽  
Hospitality Graduates

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of faculty and student perceptions of the importance of resource, interpersonal, information, systems, and technology management competencies in the hospitality industry Background: The increasing complexity and technological dependency of the diverse hospitality and tourism sector raises the skill requirements needed, and expected, of new hires making education and competency development a strategic priority. Identifying the skills needed for hospitality graduates to succeed in a sector that is continuously being impacted by digitalization and globalization must be a continual process predicated on the desire to meet ever-changing industry needs. This study seeks to update and further explore an investigation started a decade ago that examined the skills and competencies valued by hiring managers in the hospitality industry. Methodology: The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS), comprised of representatives from business, labor, education, and government, developed the framework, of workplace competencies and foundation skills used in this study. This research used a survey methodology for data collection and descriptive and inferential statistical methods during the analyses. The data for this study were collected from faculty, staff, hospitality industry stakeholders, and students of a Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management located at a small eastern Historically Black University (HBU). An electronic survey was sent to169 respondents and a total of 100 completed surveys were received for an overall return rate of 59%. Contribution: This study provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports as being under-prepared for academic success. This paper is timely and relevant and can be used to inform hospitality educators so that they can best meet the needs of their students and the companies looking to hire skilled graduates. Findings: The findings of this study indicate there is inconsistent agreement among academicians and students regarding the importance of SCANS-specific competencies in hospitality graduates. At the same time, there is no argument that industry skills will be critical in the future of hospitality graduates. Overwhelmingly, participating students and faculty found all of the SCANS competencies important with the highest ranked competencies being interpersonal skills, which, given the importance of teamwork, customer service skills, leadership, and working with cultural diversity in the hospitality industry, was expected. Additionally, participating students indicated their strong agreement that internships are effective at building professional skills. Finally, the hospitality students included in this study who were enrolled in a skill-based curriculum were confident that their program is preparing them with the necessary skills and competencies that they will need for their future careers. Recommendations for Practitioners: Higher education hospitality programs should be exploring the skills valued by industry, teaching faculty, and the students to see if they are being satisfied. Recommendation for Researchers: This research should be expanded to additional institutions across the United States as well as abroad. This particular research protocol is easily replicated and can be duplicated at both minority and majority serving institutions enabling greater comparisons across groups. Impact on Society: Several reports identify gaps in the 21st century skills required for the workplace and the effectiveness of higher education in preparing graduates for the workforce. This study helps to propel this discussion forward with relevant findings and a research methodology that is easily replicable. Future Research: A follow-up study of employers is currently being conducted.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

A Silenced Population

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Gryglewicz ◽  
Melanie Bozzay ◽  
Brittany Arthur-Jordon ◽  
Gabriela D. Romero ◽  
Melissa Witmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Peer Relationship ◽  
Student Records ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Method Student

Abstract. Background: Given challenges that exceed the normal developmental requirements of adolescence, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) youth are believed to be at elevated risk for engaging in suicide-related behavior (SRB). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms that put these youth potentially at risk. Aims: To determine whether peer relationship difficulties are related to increased risk of SRB in DHH youth. Method: Student records (n = 74) were retrieved from an accredited educational center for deaf and blind students in the United States. Results: Peer relationship difficulties were found to be significantly associated with engagement in SRB but not when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Limitations: The restricted sample limits generalizability. Conclusions regarding risk causation cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for future research that examines the mechanisms of the relationship between peer relationship difficulties, depression, and suicide risk in DHH youth and potential preventive interventions to ameliorate the risks for these at-risk youth.

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

Questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We present a modified version of the theory that we hope will guide future inquiry on public support for courts, both in the United States and abroad.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Stimeling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

This chapter offers a historiographic survey of country music scholarship from the publication of Bill C. Malone’s “A History of Commercial Country Music in the United States, 1920–1964” (1965) to the leading publications of the today. Very little of substance has been written on country music recorded since the 1970s, especially when compared to the wealth of available literature on early country recording artists. Ethnographic studies of country music and country music culture are rare, and including ethnographic methods in country music studies offers new insights into the rich variety of ways in which people make, consume, and engage with country music as a genre. The chapter traces the influence of folklore studies, sociology, cultural studies, and musicology on the development of country music studies and proposes some directions for future research in the field.

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