scholarly journals Racial-Nativity Differences in Maternal Parental Stress: Exploring the Impacts of Socioeconomic Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Asian Mothers ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examines racial and nativity differences in mothers’ parental stress levels, and how mothers’ socioeconomic status (SES), including education, employment, and household income predict their levels of parental stress.Background: SES is an important predictor of mothers’ parental stress. Racial minority and immigrant mothers generally face higher parental stress than native-born White mothers. However, less is known about if the differences in stress are caused by racial and nativity disparities in SES or by the diverse impacts of SES on the stress of mothers from different racial and nativity groups.Method: Using the second wave of Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: 2010-11 Kindergarten Class (N=8,336, https://nces.ed.gov/ecls/), I estimated racial and nativity differences in parental stress levels using OLS regression. Regression coefficients were compared across racial and nativity groups using Stata’s suest and test commands to explore racial and nativity differences in how SES predicts parental stress.Result: Foreign-born Black, Hispanic, Asian, and native-born Asian mothers experienced higher parental stress than native-born White mothers. Low SES was associated with higher parental stress among Black and Hispanic mothers, especially among foreign-born Black mothers. Among White and Asian mothers, socioeconomic disadvantage did not necessarily predict higher parental stress. Conclusion: Disparities in SES are not enough to explain racial minority and immigrant mothers’ higher parental stress relative to native-born White mothers. The impact of SES on parental stress also varies across racial and nativity groups, possibly due to the systemic racism against Black and Hispanic population, and the racial and nativity differences in motherhood ideology.

Health disparity in Central Valley of California: Higher incidence of breast cancer in Asian population.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19029-e19029
Author(s):  
Soujanya Sodavarapu ◽  
Kate Hatter ◽  
Megha Goyal ◽  
Prakash Ramdass ◽  
Majed Sayedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

e19029 Background: California has the most immigrants of any state in the U.S., with approximately a quarter of the residents being foreign-born. The impact of migration on breast cancer incidences over time has not yet been characterized in the Northern Central Valley. This provides a unique opportunity to study the influence of migration, socioeconomic gradient, and racial identity on the incidence of breast cancer in San Joaquin County. Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-institution study that compared the socio-demographic variables and clinical characteristics of the patients who had a history of breast cancer in a teaching central valley hospital. We reviewed all charts with a breast cancer diagnosis from 2014-2019. We compared age, demographics, socioeconomic status comorbidities, pathology, treatment, and outcomes. Appropriate statistics have been used to analyze the data. Results: A retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer from 2014-2019 at a central valley teaching hospital. 33.5% were white, 17.2% African American, 26.6% Hispanic, and 22.6% were Asian. Migrated Asian women are having three times increased incidence in central California compared to their peers in Asian. Additionally, those of lower socioeconomic status were more often affected (61.9% vs. 30.4% of middle-class status) in our population. Demographics and comorbidities were studied. Smoking was seen in 23.2% of patients, alcohol in 16.3%, hypertension in 43.6%, Diabetes in 18.9%, lung disease in 11.7%, and Kidney disease in 6.9%. 23.8% of the patients had a family history of cancer. Screening was only done in 41% of patients, and the distribution of race was as follows: white 10.6%, African American 7.7%, Hispanic 8.9%, Asian 8.9%. It was found that infiltrating ductal carcinoma was seen in 54.8% of patients, of which 16.1% were white, 10% African American, 15.5% Hispanic, and 13.2% were Asian. Triple-negative breast cancer was seen in 14.9% in our patient population. We further reviewed treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, as well as recurrence rates. Conclusions: We suggest that screening has to be more concentrated in all communities. The fact that the Asian population in the Central Valley shows higher rates of breast cancer could be due to epigenetic, western lifestyle, and environmental factors. Higher awareness and willingness as a subgroup may be contributing as well or there may be an actual increase; this requires further investigation, and we will present further subgroup analysis at presentation.

scholarly journals RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE CONSEQUENCES OF ADULT CHILDREN’S PROBLEMS ON MOTHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S673-S673
Author(s):  
Catherine Stepniak ◽  
J Jill Suitor ◽  
Megan Gilligan ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
Marissa Rurka
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
White Families ◽  
Race Disparities ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Adult children’s problems have been found to be strong predictors of older parents’ psychological well-being, regardless of whether the sources of the problems are psychological or physical health, life circumstances outside of the children’s control, or children’s poor life decisions. Further, this pattern remains regardless of the number or proportion of offspring with problems, or whether children with problems were favored or disfavored by their parents. One important question that has not been addressed is whether the impact of children’s problems differs in Black and White families. Race disparities in health and other life circumstances lead Black adult children to be at greater risk of experiencing problems than are their White counterparts. Thus, Black mothers are at greater risk of having adult children with problems; however, increased exposure does not necessarily lead to a stronger impact of children’s problems on well-being. Alternatively, it can be argued that due to stronger kin networks and higher levels of religiosity, children’s problems may have a weaker impact on Black than White mothers’ well-being. In this paper, we use mixed-methods data collected from 101 Black mothers and 295 White mothers as part of the Within-Family Differences Study to explore differences in the impact of adult children’s problems on mothers’ depressive symptoms. Preliminary analyses of quantitative and qualitative data suggest that mothers’ interpretations of the circumstances surrounding their children’s problems, rather than support or type of problem, play a greater role in the impact of those problems on well-being in Black than White families.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal stress on outcome of new born

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Ramya H. S. ◽  
Rajendra Prasad T. C. ◽  
Murgesh Awati
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background: Maternal stress which may include emotional, social, health and economy may have impact on newborn. Risks factors predisposing to maternal stress are preventable by taking appropriate measures at right time and hence may have a better outcome of newborn. Maternal risk factors such as stress and depression have been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. Relatively few studies have been made on impact prenatal maternal stress on neonatal outcome till date. The aim of our study is to asses the impact of maternal stress on fetal outcome.Methods: This study is an observational clinical study, undertaken in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, between April 2017 to September 2017. Perceived stress scale(PSS) was used to assess the stress levels of mothers.Results: The association of moderate stress with low birth weight and preterm gestational age was statistically significant (p value <0.001). The amount of stress in relation to maternal age was highest in 20 to30 years (81.5%) of age group. Primigravida were found to have a statistically significant association with maternal stress (p value-0.022). Higher stress levels were observed in lower middle socioeconomic status which was statistically significant (p value-0.050).Conclusions: More than 50% of the pregnant women in our setting were exposed to stress. In stressed pregnant mothers, low birth weight and preterm deliveries were the outcome. Lower socioeconomic status was associated significantly with stress. All pregnant mothers should be counselled to consume nutritious diet to deliver a normal healthy baby.

State Policies, Racial Disparities, and Income Support: A Way to Address Infant Outcomes and the Persistent Black-White Gap?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean E. Robinson ◽  
Jessica Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Low-birthweight and preterm births vary by state, and black mothers typically face twice the risk that their white counterparts do. This gap reflects an accumulation of psychosocial and material exposures which include interpersonal racism, as well as differential experience with area-level deprivation like residential segregation, and other harmful exposures that we refer to as “institutional” or “structural” racism. We use logistic regression models and a data set that includes all births from 1994-2017, as well as five state policies from this period—Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Aid for Needy Families, Housing Assistance, Medicaid, Minimum Wage and Earned Income Tax Credit—to examine whether these state social policies, designed to provide a financial “safety net,” are associated with risk reduction of low birthweight and preterm birth to black and white mothers, and whether variations in state generosity attenuate the racial inequalities in birth outcomes. We also examine whether the relationship between state policies and racial inequalities in birth outcomes is moderated by the education level of the mother. We find that the EITC reduces the risk of low birthweight and preterm birth for black mothers. The impact is much less consistent for white mothers. For both black and white mothers, the benefits to birth outcomes are larger for mothers with less education.

scholarly journals Psychological impact of repeated epidemic exposure on healthcare workers: findings from an online survey of a healthcare workforce exposed to both SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and COVID-19

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e051895
Author(s):  
Lai Gwen Chan ◽  
Pei Lin Lynnette Tan ◽  
Kang Sim ◽  
Ming Yee Tan ◽  
Kah Hong Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo measure the psychological well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) during this COVID-19 pandemic and examine the experiences of the subgroup of participants who were also HCWs during the 2003 SARS epidemic.DesignAnonymous online survey adapted from a similar study conducted during the SARS epidemic, disseminated from July 2020 to August 2020.SettingNine healthcare institutions across Singapore ranging from primary care, community care, tertiary care and specialised referral centres.ParticipantsEmployees working in the participating healthcare institutions.ResultsOf 3828 survey returns, 3616 had at least one completed item on the questionnaire. Majority were female (74.7%), nurses (51.7%), foreign-born (53.2%) and not working in the tertiary care setting (52.1%). The median score on the Impact of Events Scale (IES) was 15 (IQR 23) and 28.2% of the sample scored in the moderate/severe range. 22.7% of the participants were also HCWs during SARS and more than half of them felt safer and better equipped in the current pandemic. 25.2% of SARS HCWs and 25.9% of non-SARS HCWs had moderate/severe IES scores (p=0.904). After adjusting for age, marital status, parity and length of work experience, racial minority groups and living apart from family were independent predictors of high IES regardless of prior SARS epidemic experience. Daily exposure to confirmed or suspect COVID-19 cases increased the odds of high IES for non-SARS HCWs only.Conclusions and relevanceOverall, while 28% of HCWs in our study suffered from significant trauma-related psychological symptoms regardless of prior experience with the SARS epidemic, those with prior experience reported feeling safer and better equipped, finding the workload easier to manage, as well as having more confidence in their healthcare leaders. We recommend for more trauma-informed support strategies for our HCWs especially those from racial minority groups, who are foreign-born and isolated from their families.

scholarly journals Medicaid expansion and infant mortality: the (questionable) impact of the Affordable Care Act

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213666
Author(s):  
Amanda Cook ◽  
Amanda Stype
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mothers ◽  
Medicaid Eligibility ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundMany states expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Medicaid expansion might impact infant mortality through improved maternal health prior to pregnancy and reduced insurance churn. Some studies suggest the PPACA had no significant impact on low birth weight or preterm birth, while others suggest that the PPACA led to a significant decrease in infant mortality.MethodsUsing a difference-in-differences estimator with fixed effects to control for differences in state characteristics and time trends we analyse three samples of births from the CDC’s linked birth/death files from 2011 to 2017 to estimate the impact of Medicaid expansion on infant mortality.ResultsWe find mixed results. In our full sample, we find no statistically significant change in infant mortality associated with PPACA Medicaid expansion. However, when we restrict the sample to states who had adopted the 2003 birth certificate form and when we further exclude states with a Medicaid waiver, in both samples we see reductions in infant mortality for babies born to mothers of all races. When we stratify by race, we find infant mortality decreased for babies born to white mothers. However, this decrease is not seen for babies born to black mothers.ConclusionsMedicaid expansion under the PPACA has an impact on infant mortality, but the results are sensitive to the sample of states included in the study. There is suggestive evidence that Medicaid expansion is not closing the infant mortality gap between black and white babies.

scholarly journals Parent Stress in Relation to Use of Bedside Telehealth, an Initiative to Improve Family-Centeredness of Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Katherine Guttmann ◽  
Chavis Patterson ◽  
Tracey Haines ◽  
Casey Hoffman ◽  
Marjorie Masten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Parent Stress ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
The Impact

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth technologies have become critical to providing family and patient-centered care. Little is known about the impact of these technologies on parent stress levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). We sought to determine the impact of bedside web cameras on stress levels of parents in the NICU in order to work toward interventions that might improve family-centered care. A validated survey, the Parental Stress Scale NICU, was administered to parents of babies admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Neonatal/Infant Intensive Care Unit on days 7 to 10 of hospitalization. Parents were also asked if they used the available AngelEye Camera while their baby was hospitalized. Stress levels were analyzed for associations with the use of the bedside cameras. Parents who reported using the bedside camera also reported lower levels of stress relating to being separated from their babies. Bedside web camera interventions may hold potential for reducing parent stress related to separation from their babies, especially in the setting of a global pandemic.

Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Brettell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
The Impact

Soon after 9/11 a research project to study new immigration into the Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area got under way. In the questionnaire that was administered to 600 immigrants across five different immigrant populations (Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Nigerians) between 2003 and 2005 we decided to include a question about the impact of 9/11 on their lives. We asked: “How has the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 affected your position as an immigrant in the United States?” This article analyzes the responses to this question, looking at similarities and differences across different immigrant populations. It also addresses the broader issue of how 9/11 has affected both immigration policy and attitudes toward the foreign-born in the United States. 

scholarly journals AB0142 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES) AND MEDICATION USE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA): A SCOPING REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1098.2-1099
Author(s):  
O. Russell ◽  
S. Lester ◽  
R. Black ◽  
C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Background:Socioeconomic status (SES) influences disease outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (1, 2) Differences in medication use could partly explain this association. (3) A scoping review was used to identify research conducted on this topic and determine what knowledge gaps remain.Objectives:To determine what research has been conducted on this topic, how this research has defined SES and medication use, and establish what knowledge gaps remain.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychInfo were searched from their inception until May 2019 for studies which assessed SES and medication use as outcome variables. Studies were included if they measured medication use and incorporated an SES measure as a comparator variable.SES was defined using any of the “PROGRESS” framework variables (4) including patients’ stated gender, age, educational attainment, employment, occupational class, personal income, marital status, health insurance coverage, area- (neighbourhood) level SES, or patients’ stated race and/or ethnicity. Medication use was broadly defined as either prescription or dispensation of a medicine, medication adherence, or delays in treatment. Data was extracted on studies’ primary objectives, measurement of specific SES measures, patients’ medication use, and whether studies assessed for differences in patients’ medication use according to SES variables.Results:1464 studies were identified by this search from which 74 studies were selected for inclusion, including 52 published articles. Studies’ publication year ranged from 1994-2019, and originated from 20 countries; most commonly from the USA.Studies measured a median of 4 SES variables (IQR 3-6), with educational achievement, area level SES and race/ethnicity the most frequently recorded.Likelihood of disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) prescription was the most frequent primary objective recorded.96% of studies reported on patients’ use of DMARDs, with glucocorticoids and analgesics being reported in fewer studies (51% and 23% respectively.)Most included studies found at least one SES measure to be significantly associated with differences in patients’ medication use. In some studies, however, this result was not necessarily drawn from the primary outcome and therefore may not have been adjusted for covariates.70% of published studies measuring patients’ income (n=14 of 20) and 58% of those that measured race/ethnicity (n=14 of 24) documented significant differences in patients’ medication use according to these SES variables, although the direction of this effect – whether it led to ‘greater’ or ‘lesser’ medication use – varied between studies.Conclusion:Multiple definitions of SES are used in studies of medication use in RA patients. Despite this, most identified studies found evidence of a difference in medication use by patient groups that differed by an SES variable, although how medication use differed was found to vary between studies. This latter observation may relate to contextual factors pertaining to differences in countries’ healthcare systems. Further prospective studies with clearly defined SES and medication use measures may help confirm the apparent association between SES and differences in medication use.References:[1]Jacobi CE, Mol GD, Boshuizen HC, Rupp I, Dinant HJ, Van Den Bos GA. Impact of socioeconomic status on the course of rheumatoid arthritis and on related use of health care services. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49(4):567-73.[2]ERAS Study Group. Socioeconomic deprivation and rheumatoid disease: what lessons for the health service? ERAS Study Group. Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2000;59(10):794-9.[3]Verstappen SMM. The impact of socio-economic status in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(7):1051-2.[4]O’Neill J, Tabish H, Welch V, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Clarke M, et al. Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(1):56-64.Acknowledgements:This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Helping Students FIG-ure It Out: A Large-Scale Study of Freshmen Interest Groups and Student Success

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110218
Author(s):  
Lovenoor Aulck ◽  
Joshua Malters ◽  
Casey Lee ◽  
Gianni Mancinelli ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Racial Minority Students ◽  
Freshman Seminars ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

Freshman seminars are a ubiquitous offering in higher education, but they have not been evaluated using matched comparisons with data at scale. In this work, we use transcript data on over 76,000 students to examine the impact of first-year interest groups (FIGs) on student graduation and retention. We first apply propensity score matching on course-level data to account for selection bias. We find that graduation and re-enrollment rates for FIG students were higher than non-FIG students, an effect that was more pronounced for self-identified underrepresented racial minority students. We then employ topic modeling to analyze survey responses from over 12,500 FIG students to find that social aspects of FIGs were most beneficial to students. Interestingly, references to social aspects were not disproportionately present in the responses of self-identified underrepresented racial minority students.

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