scholarly journals “FROM THE FOREST PASHA”: ON THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE NORTH RUSSIAN NAMES OF MUSHROOM AND BERRY DISHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (49) ◽  
pp. 30-59
Author(s):  
Ksenija Osipova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Quantitative Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.

Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
R. Obour, D. Amankwaa, A. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
The North ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

scholarly journals Organizational and technological features of the use of wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling in the beech forests of the Greater Caucasus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Яхьяев ◽  
Aydyn Yakhyaev ◽  
Абиев ◽  
Yusif Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
North Eastern

In the farms of the north-eastern slope of the Greater Caucasus wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling, is not fully utilized and is not effective, due to the organizational and technical difficulties of farms. In addressing these issues in 8 directions of the region with a length of 40-50 km 14 intermediate assembly points were organized, which are intended for the collection and temporary storage of wood raw material harvested within a radius of 15-20 km of the forest. Need to establish assembly points is due to the complexity of relief items and the possibility of year-round use of the main roads of regional importance. To ensure uninterrupted timber industry and in full at the assembly point accumulated wood raw material is partially sorted. Processing of harvested wood raw material is planned for timber industry, located near the central region of the main road in the territory of Cuba town. Establishment in the area of the complex is considered justified, since the resource base in the coming years for intermediate, and later for the main use will be more than 100 thousand hectares of forests in the region. In the proposed area for the industrial complex for processing of raw wood there are all the technical and economic prerequisites. Accumulated in the assembly points wood raw material to the point of processing is transported using self-loading lumber carriers of up to 8 meters length, which is associated with a complex terrain conditions and road network in the region. This complex is planned to organize the following process areas: sawmills, parquet and packaging, small-chip technology, processing of technical greenery. In organizing the production sites size and quality characteristics and volumes of each category of harvested wood raw materials are taking into account, as well as the need for forest products in the region and the country as a whole. In the processes it is envisaged to use the most advanced modular processing of wood with the release of standard lumber, wood workpieces of different products, pulp chips, wood greens and products of its processing.

scholarly journals Demographic Assessment of the Sustainability of Small and Medium-sized Cities in the Russian North

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-569
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Fauzer ◽  
Andrey V. Smirnov ◽  
Galina N. Fauzer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Market Relations

Since the dissolution of the USSR and advent of market relations, small and medium-sized Russian cities have experienced many economic and social problems due to their peripheral status. At the same time, they form the main framework for the settlement of the northern territories. The research aims to reveal the importance of small and medium-sized cities in the set- tlement system of 13 regions of the Russian North by studying their demographic dynamics. We examined the hypothesis that the demographic sustainability of these cities depends on the time of their formation. A proposed methodology for assessing the demographic sustainability of cities is based on five groups: demographically sustainable, relatively sustainable, unsustainable, critically unsustainable, instability. Four periods of the formation of small and medium-sized cities are defined: colonisation of the Russian North (1584–1917); industrialisation and urbanisation of the northern territories (1918–1959); from coercion to encouragement — northern romance (1960–1989); from settlement to abandonment — depopulation (1990–2020). For each period, the cities were assessed in terms of their demographic sustainability. The current sustainability of the cities was shown to be dependent on the period of their formation. Compared with the rest of Russia, the structure of settlements in the North revealed both similarities (concentration of the population in large cities) and differences (the proportion of the population living in small and medium-sized cities is higher, but lower in rural areas). Future research will focus on developing a methodology for assessing the «saturation» of small and medium-sized cities in the Russian North.

scholarly journals The fate of the Russian archaeologist at the era-breaking time

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Mironenko Maria P. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
The North ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Russian North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the fate of an archaeologist, historian, employee of the Rumyantsev Museum, local historian, head of the section for the protection of museums and monuments of art and antiquities in Arkhangelsk, member and active participant of the Arkhangelsk Church Archaeological Committee and the Arkhangelsk Society for the Study of Russian North K.N. Lyubarsky (1886–1920). The Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum stores his archive, which sheds light on the history of his struggle to protect churches and other monuments of art and culture dying in the North of Russia during the revolution and civil war, for the creation of the Arkhangelsk Regional Museum.

scholarly journals FOOD POLICY COUNCIL AS CIVIC ENGAGEMENT FOR FOOD ISSUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Masashi Tachikawa
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Structural Aspect ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Food Policy Council

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the nature of food issue in our society and propose a forum to discuss multi-facet issues of food based on the North American experience, such as food policy council (FPC). Contemporary food system in Japan is full of problems, such as low level self-sufficiency, food loss, problem of food access, large food miles, declining food culture under globalization, and so on. After reviewing these food related issues, the paper refers to the US and Canadian experiences on food policy council as a model to provide a forum for various stakeholders with different or even conflicting interests. Based on observations on the FPCs, such as Knoxville (US) and Toronto (Canada), author emphasized public aspect of food issues and draw attentions to differences in structural aspects of food between North America and Japan. The paper also tries to draw attention to differences between North America and Japan in terms of food issues. In particular, the demographic and geographical differences would exist of a major structural aspect when considering food issue in Japan. 

Silence in the Woods

Sibirica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Art Leete
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Colonial Encounter

This article explores the ethnographic, philosophical, and political background of the image of the northern peoples as “silent,” by analyzing the diachronic perspective descriptions of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the north who inhabit Western Siberia and the Russian North from the eighteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth. Early modern ethnographies treated the Siberian peoples as aggressive, although from the end of the eighteenth century this image was reassessed and a different view of the silent character of the indigenous people was introduced in scholarly literature. Silent conduct was assessed as an archaic quality of the Finno-Ugric temperament, or as the result of the colonial encounter. This manifestation of silence was the most distinctive marker of the modern transformations of power and knowledge in the arena of Siberian studies.

scholarly journals Analyzing the impact of implementing a logistics center for a complex forest network

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Sarrazin ◽  
Luc LeBel ◽  
Nadia Lehoux
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Logistics Center ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The challenges faced recently by the North American forest products industry have forced it to review many of its key operations. Implementing logistics centers for such a context may therefore help in allocating the wood fibre more efficiently and in reducing sorting and transportation costs. This paper aims to better understand the interaction between a forest logistics center and a complex forest network while exploring the business environment favoring the use of such a structure. A profit maximization model is proposed and applied to a real case in the Mauricie region in Quebec, Canada. A total of 18 groups of scenarios are tested, based on the use of a sort yard and of backhauling. Results show that a logistics center already in operation adds $0.52 in profits for each cubic metre of wood available for harvest (over 2 580 411 m3 per year) for the network under study ($1.4 million annually). A sensitivity analysis also highlights that higher prices and sorting error rates have the greatest impact on the logistics center’s profitability.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.

On Partnering and Tourism: A Comparison of Two Small Towns in Western North Carolina

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Molly Levin
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Community Development Organizations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Impact

Many community development organizations seek to involve their clients in projects through partnerships. This paper addresses the partnership model of the North Carolina-based organization HandMade in America and its Small Towns Revitalization Program. Ethnography plays an important role in this investigation. I spent the summer of 2004 as an intern at HandMade in America (HandMade), collecting ethnographic data in order to create a survey measuring the impact that the Small Towns program is having on the quality of residents' lives. While sitting in numerous living rooms and kitchens talking with men and women, old and young, local and newcomer, it became clear that while there are similarities across the region, each town has its own resources and problems that dictate the concerns of its residents.

A Norman Pit at Pevensey Castle and its Contents

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
G. C. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Short Account ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Public Museum ◽  
Made In

During the excavations conducted by Mr. L. F. Salzman, F.S.A., at Pevensey Castle in the winter of 1907–8, a deep pit was found and its filling dug out. The pit (called site VII) was located in the north-west quarter of the interior of the Saxon Shore fort, about 60 ft. south of the fort wall and nearly opposite the third bastion north of the Roman west gate. A short account of the pit was published in the excavation report, but the nature of the pit and the finds from it deserve more detailed study than they have yet received. The finds were divided between the Sussex Archaeological Society's Museum at Lewes and the Public Museum at Hastings; I am greatly indebted to the respective curators, Mr. N. E. S. Norris, F.S.A., and Mr. J. Manwaring Baines, F.S.A., for facilities to examine and make drawings of the objects, and permission to publish them here. Samples taken from the various wooden objects found in the pit were kindly identified by Mr. G. L. Franklin, of the Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, as noted in the descriptions of these objects. Acknowledgements for technical reports on the wattling are made in the text. Mr. Salzman has kindly supplied information and unpublished prints, valuable as a record of the bottom of the pit, of which the negatives are fortunately preserved at Hastings. Mr. Salzman has also read this report and approved of the interpretation placed on his findings. The following description of the pit and its contents is the result of correlating all the information now available.

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