scholarly journals Campos Eletromagnéticos: ênfase nas Medidas de Proteção Coletiva e Individual

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S101-S111
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Cochrane Database

Introduction / framework / objectives Electromagnetic fields are already very extensively developed in the scientific literature, however, doing so through a generalist approach and/ or highlighting the possible consequences for human health. There are few documents that, under this theme, describe specific protection measures. The authors conducted a research with the objective of elaborating a synthesis what was written about this subtheme. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated at September 2019, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Many activities create these fields. In most workplaces exposure is discrete and there is no relevant risk. In all other cases, however, the risk dissipates with distance from the source. In addition, as most of these situations originate from an electrical appliance, when it is switched off, the problem no longer exists. Particularly exposed individuals may be pregnant women and individuals with active medical devices (cardiac stimulators, defibrillators, cochlear and brain stem implants, neurostimulators, drug infusion pumps and retinal coders). In terms of collective protection measures, the shielding/ insulation with metal, ceramic, plastic or glass plate or mesh can be highlighted;as well as protection with light curtains; reading apparatus and pressure sensitive mats; restriction of access by guards, barriers, signs, magnetic field signaling/ ionizing radiation, especially to individuals with active or metallic medical implants; prohibition of conductive objects; appoint the person responsible for safety management; training about body position during work and limitation of movements to attenuate induction of electric fields. While it is not difficult to shield electric fields, mitigating the effects of magnetic fields is more complicated. Furthermore, it is generally not possible to use effective Personal Protective Equipment uniformly: if it protects a range of frequencies, it will hardly protect for others. Examples include insulation footwear (thick rubber sole, non-steel); suitable gloves in isolation/ driving, glasses and full suit. Conclusions Given the omnipresence of the electromagnetic fields (although generally at intensities of low concern), it would be relevant for occupational health practitioners to have some notions of how to approach the subtheme. In addition, it would be important for some teams to have the opportunity to investigate in this context, improve customer service and, by publishing their data, contribute to a better understanding of the national reality and somehow evolve scientific knowledge in this area.

Tatuadores: principais Fatores de Risco e Riscos Laborais, Doenças Profissionais associadas e Medidas de Proteção recomendadas

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-58
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Individual Protection

Introduction/ objectives Over the last few decades getting tattoos has been progressively better accepted by society in most countries; thus, the number of establishments and professionals in the area has also increased. However, since it is a recent activity and with heterogeneous norms/ licensing, these individuals often escape the evaluation by Occupational Health. The literature on this subject is scarce. This review was intended to characterize the profession of tattoo artist with regard to: vocational training; main risk factors/ occupational risks; more prevalent semiology and associated major diseases; work accidents; collective/ individual protection measures adopted and associated legislation. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP. Content In most countries, a person can work in the area without having specific qualifications; the products can be purchased via internet and the rules for opening the establishment vary locally. Given the absence of norms that parameterize the necessary qualifications to exercise, the same happens in the process of teaching in this sector. The main occupational risks/ risk factors are the quimical and biological agents, vibrations, noise, forced/ maintained postures, repetitive movements, visual effort, handling needles and sharps and prolonged shifts. Musculoskeletal semiology is very prevalent. Discussion / Conclusions / Limitations / Projects for the Future The risk factors are very similar to other professional sectors, such as dental medicine, which has already been studied in detail. Most of the few published documents on Tattoo Artists have a simplistic methodology and the samples are small. In addition, the absence of uniform labor standards and licensing undermines safe work. It would be very important that these arise and be progressively perfected. In a post-implementation phase, it would be desirable to have an institution with the capacity and authority to monitor compliance and to require the correction of identified problems. Similarly, it would also be interesting if the education process were also formalized and compulsory, perhaps starting at a technical level and evolving (if the progression of the sector allows or requires), to other degree.

scholarly journals Luvas antivibratórias: qual a evidência científica?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S91-S100
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Instrument Type ◽  
Cochrane Database

Introduction / background / objectives The use of anti-vibration gloves is not as frequent as other individual protective equipment, so it becomes an area in which the professionals that exercise in the Occupational Health teams (and even employers and workers) have less contact and experience. In addition, when starting to research the topic, it is easy to see that there are contradictory data published, so there are many doubts about the benefit or not on its use. This review intends to summarize the most recent and pertinent articles published on this topic. Methodology This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a research carried out in December 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP ”. Content For a glove be considered anti-vibration, it must comply with the criteria defined by the International Standardization Organization. The sensitivity to damage associated with vibrations has some variability between individuals. Vibrations can cause vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal changes; overall, the situation referred to as hand-arm vibration syndrome; this becomes more frequent with increasing exposure time and intensity. In addition to the direct protection that may exist in relation to vibrations, by keeping the hands dry and warm, vibratory damage can be indirectly attenuated. In addition, regardless of the vibration issue, the worker is also more protected from cuts, burns, chemical and biological agents. The greatest risk may then be to give the employer and employee a sense of protection when it is not real. In addition, some researchers believe that certain collective protection measures are more effective than gloves. Conclusions The published data are contradictory and the studies generally used small samples, so it is difficult to generalize the results with safety. In addition, it is easy to see that the protection, absence of it or even potentiation of vibrations will depend on numerous variables, namely working instrument, type of vibrations, model/ material and glove thickness in the palm and fingers, as well as grip strength exercised by the worker and its anthropometric dimensions. It is therefore a protective equipment that, in no way, can be considered as an added value, for any task or worker.

scholarly journals Ruído: Medidas de Proteção Coletivas e Individuais

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S82-S90
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Occupational Risk Factor ◽  
Cochrane Database

Introduction / framework / objectives Noise is an occupational risk factor extensively addressed in the Occupational Health literature. However, its pathophysiological consequences have traditionally been emphasized, sometimes neglecting more detailed explanations concerning personal protective equipment and collective protective measures. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 search of the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, SCOPUS and RCAAP.” Content There are several collective protection measures (at the workspace structure/ design and use of various materials/ devices) that are able to attenuate noise exposure. When exceeding the lower exposure value (80 decibels) the employer must provide hearing protection; if the upper exposure value (85 decibels) is reached or exceeded its use is required (after prior enhancement of collective protective measures). However, workers and their representatives have to be consulted to choose the model. In selecting the latter, account should be taken of European Community certification, appropriate attenuation, compatibility with tasks and other protective equipment used simultaneously; as well as the physical condition of the worker, acceptability and comfort that it will generate. The effectiveness of these will depend on time of use, correct utilization, shape/ size, fit to the ear, pressure (head and/ or ear), resistance to extreme temperatures and material. Conclusions Occupational health team professionals generally need up-to-date information on individual and collective protection measures to mitigate the effects of noise in the workplace. The bibliography (in indexed databases) on these two themes is not very abundant and / or easily accessible. However, these measures, well used, can attenuate noise, promoting safer and healthier work. It would be pertinent for Occupational Health teams who deal with clients with different noise levels, to investigate which of these techniques are most appropriate to each situation and how employees adhere better to the process and perform their part more effectively.

scholarly journals Saúde Ocupacional aplicada à Dança

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. S172-S182
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Text Database

O setor da dança está pouco retratado em contexto de Saúde Ocupacional e a bibliografia é razoavelmente escassa. Neste setor o profissional pode apenas efetuar ensaios e atuações (a solo ou em equipa), pode dar aulas para eventuais futuros colegas e/ ou para leigos ou acumular ambas as vertentes. Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. A dança é uma arte complexa, cujo instrumento é o corpo. Conjuga movimento com a emoção, servindo também como forma de comunicação. Em alguns estilos de dança a rotina de treinos é muito exigente e competitiva, de forma a aperfeiçoar departamentos como força, resistência, velocidade, flexibilidade, equilíbrio e controlo. Aos treinos intensos, por vezes, associam-se algias e lesões concretas. Por exemplo, no Ballet clássico, a exigência técnica é muito elevada e desafiante e, na bibliografia selecionada, é certamente a dança mais estudada neste contexto. A escassa bibliografia encontrada incide sobretudo nas principais lesões associadas (quer acidentes de trabalho, quer doenças profissionais); sendo que alguns artigos também destacam o eventual consumo de substâncias psicoativas em algumas modalidades específicas. Os autores elaboraram uma descrição dos principais Fatores de Risco/ Riscos Laborais deste setor, no geral; bem como listaram as Medidas de Proteção (coletivas e individuais) que consideram ser mais adequadas. O setor da dança está muito pouco estudado pela Saúde Ocupacional, sendo pertinente a análise da realidade portuguesa, sobretudo em alguns estilos muito desenvolvidos no nosso país e sobre os quais não se encontrou qualquer bibliografia específica (mesmo em contexto internacional). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dança, bailarino, saúde ocupacional e medicina do trabalho.

scholarly journals Risco Biológico e/ou Químico eventualmente associado ao uso de adereços pelo Trabalhador (como anéis, alianças, relógios, pulseiras)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S40-S47
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Nail Varnish

Introduction/ background/ objectives There are some manuals of Good Practices, in some professional sectors, that highlight the need to stop use jewelry at work (such as finger rings, watches, bracelets and/ or equivalent), relating to the potentialization of contact with biological agents and/ or chemical. The studies dedicated to this theme are very scarce and all related to health professionals; although, in many other sectors, it is a relevant topic, like in food production, tattooing, preparation of equipment that needs to be sterile and any sector that deals with chemical agents, for example. Methodology It is an Scoping Review, initiated through a research conducted in December 2019 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Effects Review Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Record, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Scopus and RCAAP ”. Content The use of finger rings decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in microscopic irregularities under the ring. In addition, they can tear the protective gloves; even so, the use of this individual protective equipment attenuates the microbial load of the rings. However, some investigators argue that there is no statistical evidence that the use of rings will alter postoperative infraction rates. Those with smooth surfaces, like classic wedding rings, do not appear to be so problematic. As for watches and bracelets, it appears that they do not contribute to a significant increase in the rate of infringement; yet some researchers recommend that they be removed, before hand washing. The use of nail varnish decreases efficacy of hand washing, since some bacteria can remain in the microscopic irregularities of the varnish; however, there is no robust statistical evidence that the use of varnishes alters the rate of postoperative infection. Long nails have a higher microbial load, especially if recovered by irregular varnish (with a few days). In addition, big nails can also increase the likelihood of tearing the glove, whether natural or artificial. So it makes sense that some professionals use them short. Since scientific evidence that correlates hospital infection to the use of artificial jewelry or nails among healthcare professionals is not very robust, the norms at some institutions are in the format of recommendations only. Conclusions Studies are scarce and do not appear to be concordant or robust on several occasions, so it would be useful that Occupational Health teams, from companies with biological and/ or chemical risk, design and carry out studies and, subsequently, publish it to specialty magazines. In doubt, until clear evidence appears, objects such as finger rings, rings, watches and bracelets should be removed before work and hand washing and the size of long/ artificial nails or varnish must be carefully pondered.

Métodos para detetar o Risco de surgirem Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas relacionadas com o Trabalho- sabemos o suficiente?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Almost All

Introduction / background / objectives Work-related Musculoskeletal Injuries are prevalent and relevant. There are several methods for detecting risk, depending on the tasks performed. However, not all professionals working in the Occupational Health teams have well-structured knowledge or practical experience in most of these methods. Methodology It is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP ”. Content There are several categories of methods for assessing the risk of Musculoskeletal Lesions Related to Work. For that we have, in a very synthetic way, the self-assessment questionnaires (completed by the workers), the observational methods (more or less complex) and the direct methods. This work describes in detail OWAS, RULA, REBA, NIOSH Equation and Strain Index. Conclusions Articles are easily found in indexed databases that mention that they used them, but due to the limitations imposed by most journals in view of the size of the document, almost all authors only mention the name of the method they used and, at most, make a description very synthetic of it. In turn, in some Master’s or Doctoral Theses (where this problem does not exist), a more detailed methodological description can be found, but even so, it is not always possible to understand in practice how to use all methods or we find discreetly different versions, result of adaptations or a mixture of methods, carried out over the decades. Any professional on an Occupational Health Team will have a reasonable sense of what are the most damaging tasks; however, presenting this evidence, attenuating subjectivity and making use of the hierarchy that mathematical scales can offer, makes evaluations more scientific, rigorous and easier to be accepted as valid by the Employer/ Representatives/ Workers and, consequently, increase the receptivity to proposed measures to mitigate/ correct the problem and reassess it after this phase. It would be desirable for all professionals in the field to have at least a generic idea of ​​the existing methods and to know where they can go to obtain more information, in order to execute these techniques, if necessary.

scholarly journals Radiação Ótica Artificial em contexto de Saúde Ocupacional- a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S112-s122
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Cochrane Database

Introduction / framework / objectives Most workers and professionals working in Occupational Health teams will not particularly value this occupational risk factor, especially when compared with others that may also exist in the workplace; therefore, knowledge about this area is not particularly developed, nor is the bibliography abundant. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent and pertinent publications on the subject. Methodology This is a Scoping Review, initiated by a September 2019 search of the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Many workers are exposed to this radiation, particularly through lighting and computer displays; therefore, the rule of suppressing exposure (as sometimes attempted to do with other risks) does not have the same applicability in this context. In areas such as Health and in some Shows/ Art manifestations the limits of the directives can be overcome. Any artificial light, internal or external, also fits in this concept (even from motor vehicles). It is particularly frequent in the following professional sectors/ tasks: high temperature work (glass or metal), graphic work, aesthetic treatments, indoor work with powerful lighting, sterilization, welding, laser welding in plastic manufacturing, activities material processing (cutting, marking, drilling/ photolithography), optical measurement, communications, optical information storage and spectroscopy. Conclusions The theme does not adresses the same attention as other occupational risk factors, so it is poorly developed and some of the population will not even know it exists. It would be interesting for national Occupational Health teams, with clients with large numbers of employees exposed, to better investigate the issue, quantifying the knowledge of workers/ managers and employers, recording the semiology and associated pathologies, clarifying which radiation subtypes are involved in the various tasks, also suggesting valid collective and individual protection measures (specifying model and/ or materials).

scholarly journals Teletrabalho na perspectiva da Saúde Ocupacional

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Mónica Santos ◽  
Armando Almeida ◽  
Catarina Lopes ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Relational Quality ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
At Home

Introduction/ background/ objectives The possibility of doing work at home dates back several centuries; however, technological development has allowed for the creation of new jobs based on it and eventually fully executed outside the employer’s premises. In addition, the pandemic situation associated with SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) has encouraged many institutions to initiate or intensify telework. The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant data about the topic, in the context of Occupational Health. Methodology This is a Review, initiated through a survey conducted in April 2020, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, SCOPUS and RCAAP”. Content Telework is working at home, or at least outside the employer’s conventional facilities, but in a previously stipulated and approved location, using technology. In this review, data on the historical evolution of the work were summarized, highlighting the various Industrial Revolutions. Some national and especially international statistics were also included in the context of Telework. The main sub-types of Telework are also briefly described and what are the desirable characteristics in teleworkers and telemanagers. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the consulted bibliography are highlighted. Conclusions Generally speaking, the perception of advantages and disadvantages depends on the employee’s characteristics (such as personality, flexibility, autonomy, competence, need for socialization, posture and commitment to work); characteristics of the employer (management, malleability, valorization of human resources, means and procedures); the tasks themselves (ease or not of being teleworked); family characteristics (number of elements, age of children and relational quality); the household (size, lighting, furniture, equipment, area exclusive or not for the Telework); traffic, pollution and urban safety; as well as consequences for the relationship with the company, work and personal life (family and society); that is, the same aspect can be considered both an advantage and a disadvantage, depending on the global context. Furthermore, in reality, Telework has such a diversity of conditions and characteristics, that consensus conclusions are not possible. It is necessary for each institution to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of inserting the Telework and, if it decides to proceed, have a sense of what are the factors that can enhance and compromise the success of the project.

Creation of aNovel Preoperative Imaging Review Acronym to Aid in Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110535
Author(s):  
Omar A. Karadaghy ◽  
Andrew M. Peterson ◽  
Meha Fox ◽  
Jacob White ◽  
Vidur Bhalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives (1) Identify anatomic contributions to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) necessitating revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS). (2) Create a clinical acronym to guide imaging review prior to RESS that addresses pertinent sites of disease and potential sites of surgical morbidity. Data Sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Medline via Embase.com , Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. Review Methods Systematic search was performed using a combination of standardized terms and keywords. Studies were included if they investigated anatomic contributions to persistent CRS requiring RESS or the relationship between anatomic landmarks and surgical morbidity. Identified studies were screened by title/abstract, followed by full-text review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were strictly followed. Results In total, 599 articles met screening criteria, 89 were eligible for full-text review, and 27 studies were included in the final review. The identified anatomic sites of interests are broad; the most frequently cited anatomic region was retained anterior ethmoid cells (22/27 studies), followed by posterior ethmoid cells (14/27 studies). Using the consolidated information, a clinical acronym, REVISIONS, was created: Residual uncinate, Ethmoid cells (agger, Haller, supraorbital), Vessels (anterior and posterior ethmoid), Infundibulum, Septal deviation, I (eye) compartment, Onodi cell, Natural os, and Skull base slope and integrity. Conclusions The REVISIONS acronym was developed as a tool to distill the unique anatomic contributions of primary endoscopic sinus surgery failure into a format that can be easily incorporated in preoperative radiologic review and surgical planning to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.

scholarly journals Computation of currents induced by ELF electric fields in anisotropic human tissues using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT)

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Motrescu ◽  
U. van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Finite Integration Technique ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Abstract. In the recent years, the task of estimating the currents induced within the human body by environmental electromagnetic fields has received increased attention from scientists around the world. While important progress was made in this direction, the unpredictable behaviour of living biological tissue made it difficult to quantify its reaction to electromagnetic fields and has kept the problem open. A successful alternative to the very difficult one of performing measurements is that of computing the fields within a human body model using numerical methods implemented in a software code. One of the difficulties is represented by the fact that some tissue types exhibit an anisotropic character with respect to their dielectric properties. Our work consists of computing currents induced by extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields in anisotropic muscle tissues using in this respect, a human body model extended with muscle fibre orientations as well as an extended version of the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) able to compute fully anisotropic dielectric properties.

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