scholarly journals Bone healing in critically sized defects in rat calvaria, transplanted with chitosan alone, or associated with collagen and / or chondroitin sulfate:histological and histomorphometric pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chemaly ◽  
◽  
Mireille Kallassi ◽  
Rawad Samaran ◽  
Roy Abou Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Sulfate Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that has gained a special interest in bone regeneration in recent years. Objective: The objective of this study is to show the bone formation obtained following a transplantation of sponges of chitosan alone, chitosan combined with chondroitin sulfate or chitosan combined with chondroitin sulfate and collagen, in rat critical calvarial bone defects. Material and Methods: 12 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 3 rats each. Critically sized bone defects were made in calvaria, and grafted by sponges of:collagen / chitosan / chondroitin (group 1), chitosan (group 2), chitosan / chondroitin sulfate (group3). Bone defects of group 4 remained empty for control. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after the surgery. Results: Histological analysis showed the formation of lamellar bone in the chitosan group. In the chitosan / chondroitin sulfate group, formation of a less mature bone than that of the chitosan group was also observed. However, the least bone formation was observed in the collagen / chitosan / chondroitin sulfate group. Histological sections showed the presence of fibrous tissue. The results for this group are similar to the control group. In groups 2 and 3, the materials appear completely resorbed while in group 1 the resorption of the matrix was incomplete. Conclusion: Despite the size of the sample, this study has shown that chitosan alone or in combination with chondroitin sulfate promotes bone formation. On the other hand, the combination chitosan / chondroitin sulfate / collagen showed a negative result.

A Novel Method of Neo-osseous Flap Prefabrication: Induction of Free Calvarial Periosteum with Bioactive Glass

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Ali Aliyev ◽  
Ömer Ekin ◽  
Ozan Bitik ◽  
Petek Korkusuz ◽  
Nilgün Yersal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lamellar Bone ◽  
Ectopic Ossification ◽  
Alloplastic Materials ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background Reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects is a primary focus of craniofacial surgery. Although autogenous bone grafts remain as the gold standard, alloplastic materials have also gained widespread popularity due to their off-the-shelf availability, ease of use, and durability. In addition to replacing the missing bone, some of these alloplastic materials have also been found to induce new bone formation. Objectives In this study, the phenomenon of neo-osseous induction with bioactive glass was investigated for different implant-soft tissue configurations. Materials and Methods Thirty-two male, Wistar albino rats were divided into four equally numbered study groups. In group 1 (FP), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with free periosteal grafts. In group 2 (FPB), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with free periosteal grafts and bioactive glass. In group 3 (FB), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with bioactive glass. In group 4 (control), adipofascial groin flaps were not prefabricated. Morphometric analyses of the prefabricated structures were performed using micro-CT. The histologic properties of the ectopic ossification were assessed by using a modified scoring system. Results Group 1 (FP) showed the greatest rate of mature lamellar bone formation. Group 2 (FBP) showed the greatest amount of bone density and volume. However, the addition of bioactive glass in group 2 (FBP) decreased the rate of mature lamellar bone formation when compared with group 1 (FP). Ectopic ossification was not observed in the control group. Conclusion Bioactive glass can be successfully used in the prefabrication of vascularized compound structures for the reconstruction of complex bone defects. However, interference with the periosteal induction of mature lamellar bone formation should be taken into consideration, especially in pediatric bone defects, which primarily rely on spontaneous osteogenesis through periosteal induction.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of complex therapy using the injectable form of chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate with osteoarthritis of the knee joint

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Belyaeva ◽  
O S Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. The study on the effectiveness of complex therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint was conducted in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. The survey involved 125 patients aged fr om 50 to 70 years (25 men and 100 women) with a diagnosis of knee joint OA (the III roentgenologic Kellgren-Lawrence stage).The average age of the patients was 62±3.21, the average duration of the disease - 9.4±2.8 years. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups of 35 people, the control group had 20 patients. Group 1 patients received non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) + Injectran(Chondroitin sulfate) 200 mg intramuscularly (I.M.) every other day No. 25.In group 2, patients received NSAIDs + Fermatron 1% 2 ml with an interval of 7 days intra - articularly (I.A.) No. 3. In group 3 - NSAIDs + Injectran 200 mg (I.M.) every other day No. 25 + Fermatron 1% 2 ml with an interval of 7 days (I.A.) No. 3. In the control group (20 people), patients received only NSAIDs. Evaluation of the symptoms was carried out using the WOMAC index before the start of thetherapy, after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. The intensity of pain while walking was estimated on a visual analogue scale. Results. In the groups that received Injectran (I; group 1) or Fermatron (F; group 2), the dynamics of pain while walking reduction was comparable and had slightly more than 30% in both groups, the figures are reliable in comparison withinitial data (p

scholarly journals Tyrosine-derived polycarbonate membrane in treating mandibular bone defects. An experimental study

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti J Asikainen ◽  
Jukka Noponen ◽  
Christian Lindqvist ◽  
Mika Pelto ◽  
Minna Kellomäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This study was designed to evaluate the suitability of a novel bioabsorbable material in treating bone defects. A poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine-ethyl ester carbonate) (PDTE carbonate) membrane (thickness 0.2–0.3 mm) was implanted into the mandibular angle of 20 New Zealand White rabbits to cover a through-and-through defect (12×6 mm). In group 1, the defects were left unfilled but covered with membrane and in group 2 the defects were filled with bioactive glass mesh and covered with membrane, too. Controls were left uncovered and unfilled. The animals were followed for 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. The material was evaluated by qualitative analysis of histological reactions and newly formed bone. We found that PDTE carbonate elicited a modest foreign body reaction in the tissues, which was uniform throughout the study. New bone formation was seen in all samples after six weeks. Group 1 had more new bone formation until 24 weeks and after this the difference settled. Based on findings of this study it was concluded that PDTE carbonate membranes have good biocompatibility and are sufficient to enhance bone growth without additional supportive matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of Dawood Fasting on the Increased Level of Antioxidant Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Utami Mulyaningrum ◽  
Anif Firrizki Muttaqina ◽  
Adhitama Noor Idninda ◽  
Ndilalah Pulungan ◽  
Irena Agustiningtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Allograft ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Allografts ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Regeneration Of Bone ◽  
Defect Filling ◽  
Group 1

AIM: The aim of this study is to provide a comparative histopathological evaluation of the regeneration of bone defect filling with perforated antibiotic-impregnated bone allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two healthy rabbits (24 rabbits in each group) were used for this study. Bone defects (3-mm diameter, 10-mm depth) were created in the femur. Human femoral head prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system was used as a bone allograft. The control group did not receive any filling. The experimental groups were as follows: Group 1 – the defects were filled with bone allografts and Group 2 – Perforated gentamycin-impregnated bone allografts. The animals were euthanized after 14, 30, and 60 days. Evaluations consisted of histology at 14-, 30-, and 60-days post-surgery. RESULTS: A mature bone formation in the group without a bone allograft occurred after 30 days and the group with an allograft after 14 days. In the groups with an allograft, a bone marrow defect was noted as complete closure after 30 days. Histomorphometric analysis showed that in the group with an antibiotic-impregnated bone, allograft leads to increased resorption of the allograft in the intramedullary space compared to group without antibiotic. CONCLUSION: We believe that a perforated allograft as a result of clinical trials may be obvious and economically affordable in the treatment of bone defects. The use of gentamycin-impregnated bone allografts may be of value in the prevention and treatment of bone infections.

Effects of Ultrasound Modes on Mandibular Osteodistraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. El-Bialy ◽  
R.F. Elgazzar ◽  
E.E. Megahed ◽  
T.J. Royston
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Group 1

Previous studies have shown that therapeutic pulsed ultrasound (pulsed) has superior stimulatory effect on bone fracture healing compared with continuous ultrasound (continuous). Our predictive hypothesis was that pulsed ultrasound can produce better bone formation during mandibular osteodistraction than continuous ultrasound. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 12. Osteodistraction was performed at 3 mm/day for 5 days. Group 1 received pulsed, group 2 received continuous ultrasound, and group 3 was the control group (distraction only). Bone formation was assessed by quantitative bone density (QBD), mechanical testing, and histological examination. In the first 2 wks post-distraction, group 2 showed enhanced bone formation more than group 1 ( p < 0.05); however, in the 3rd and 4th wks, group 1 showed more bone formation than group 2 ( p < 0.05). Earlier stages of bone healing were enhanced more by continuous, whereas late stages were enhanced more by pulsed, ultrasound. Abbreviations: PULSED, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound; CONTINUOUS, low-intensity continuous ultrasound.

The Effect of Bone Regeneration According to Maintenance Period of the PTFE Membrane in Rabbit Calvarial Defects

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Han Wook Jang ◽  
Hyung Seok Kim ◽  
Min Gu Jung ◽  
Hyun Sung Kim ◽  
Byung Ock Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Synthetic Bone ◽  
Ptfe Membrane ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of this study is to figure out the effect of maintaining period of PTFE membrane used in GBR with autogeonous bone, heterogeneous bone and synthetic bone on bone formation on rabbits' cranial defect. Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Four defects were surgically made in their calvaria. Using a trephine bur, 4 'through and through' defects were created and classified into 4 groups, which were consisted of control (no graft), experimental group 1 (autogeonous bone) and experimental group 2 (deproteinized bovine bone: OCS-B®; NIBEC, Korea), experimental group 3 (synthetic bone: MBCP; Biomatlante, France). The defects were covered with PTFE membrane (Cytoplast®, Innova, Canada). Membranes were removed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-GBR in each 2 rabbits. And then, all rabbits were sacrificed; specimens were taken and observed histologically..: After removing the membranes after 1 week of the experiment, bone formation was not evident in a control group but the area was replaced with only loose fibrous connective tissue. In group 1(autogeonous bone), thin bone formation and infiltration of connective tissue on the superficial layer were observed. Initial bone formation and infiltration of fibrous connective tissue were evident in group 2(deprotenized bovine bone) and 3(synthetic bone). When the membranes were removed after 2 weeks of the experiment, bridge shaped bone formation was shown in control group but mostly connective tissue took place. More increased bone thickness was evident in group 1 and increased bone formation than first week was shown in group 2 and 3. When the membranes were removed after 4 weeks of the experiment, 2/3 of normal bone thickness was formed in control group still with infiltration of connective tissue. In group 1, regular bone formation with normal bone thickness was shown and in group 2 and 3, similar bone thickness to the normal was evident. After the removal of the membranes in 8 weeks, bone thickness formed in control group was more increased than 4th week, but could not reach normal bone thickness. In group 1, normal bone thickness was formed and similar bone thickness to that of the normal was observed in group 2 and 3. Within the limited study, when performing the GBR procedure, at least 4-week period of the membrane retention is required, and more retention time of the xenograft or synthetic bone is needed than that of autogenous bone for better bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Amniotic-Derived Membrane Biomaterial as an Adjunct for Repair of Critical Sized Bone Defects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Starecki ◽  
John A. Schwartz ◽  
Daniel A. Grande
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Autogenous Bone Graft ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard in reconstruction of bone defects. The use of autogenous bone graft is problematic because of limited bone as well as donor site morbidity. This study evaluates a novel biomaterial as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. The biomaterial is amniotic membrane, rich in growth factors. Methods. Twenty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with biomaterial using the rat critical size femoral gap model. After creation of the critical size femoral gap animals were randomized to one of the following groups: Group 1 (control): gap left empty and received no treatment; Group 2 (experimental): the gap was filled with commercially available bone graft; Group 3 (experimental): the gap was filled with bone graft plus NuCel amniotic tissue preparation. Results. The experimental groups demonstrated new bone formation compared to controls. The results were evident on radiographs and histology. Histology showed Group 1 controls to have 11.1% new bone formation, 37.8% for Group 2, and 49.2% for Group 3. These results were statistically significant. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that amniotic membrane products have potential to provide bridging of bone defects. Filling bone defects without harvesting autogenous bone would provide a significant improvement in patient care.

scholarly journals The use of injectable chondroitin sulfate in combination with dosed physical exercise for the treatment of patients with hand osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
L. V. Vasilyeva ◽  
E. F. Evstratova ◽  
E. Yu. Suslova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Magnetic Therapy ◽  
Group 1

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency and the safety of treatment with injectable chondroitin sulfate (ICS) in combination with dosed physical exercise (exercise therapy (ET)) for hand osteoarthritis (HOA).Patients and methods. A study group consisted of 68 patients with HOA; the diagnosis of which was established in accordance with the 1991 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The investigators identified two groups: 1) 36 women and 4 men; mean age, 62.2±3.4 years (a study group); 2) 20 women and 8 men; mean age, 61.7±6.5 years (a control group). Group 1 patients received treatment with 25 intramuscular ICS (Chondroguard) injections per cycle and underwent ET under the guidance of a trainer. In the first 3–5 days, the patients could take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Group 2 patients were prescribed a magnetic therapy cycle (alternating pulsed magnetic field, 15–20-minute hand exposure, a total of 10 sessions). They could also take NSAIDs within the first 3–5 days. A visual analogue scale (VAS, mm) was used to analyze hand pain severity over time: at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 3 months after the start of treatment.Results and discussion. The dynamics of VAS joint pain was statistically more significant in Group 1 than in Group 2: 69.1±2.83 and 71.1±2.15 mm at baseline; 42.6±1.16 and 57.14±1.96 mm at 3 weeks (p<0.05), and 36.4±2.96 and 62.8±3.26 mm at 3 months (p<0.001). Similarly, Group 1 versus Group 2 showed a greater improvement in indicators, such as a decrease in the duration of morning stiffness in the hands and an increase in their grip strength. No adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of treatment or special therapy were noted in both groups.Conclusion. The investigation showed the advantage of ICS used in combination with ET over magnetotherapy in the treatment of patients with HOA.

scholarly journals Histological Evaluation of Porous Additive-Manufacturing Titanium Artificial Bone in Rat Calvarial Bone Defects

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5360
Author(s):  
Naoko Imagawa ◽  
Kazuya Inoue ◽  
Keisuke Matsumoto ◽  
Michi Omori ◽  
Kayoko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Heat Treated

Jaw reconstruction using an additive-manufacturing titanium artificial bone (AMTAB) has recently attracted considerable attention. The synthesis of a titanium artificial bone is based on three-dimensional computed tomography images acquired before surgery. A histological evaluation of porous AMTAB (pAMTAB) embedded in rat calvarial bone defects was conducted. This study examined three groups: rats implanted with mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB, rats implanted with untreated pAMTAB, and rats with no implant. In both pAMTAB groups, bone defects were created in rat calvarial bones using a 5-mm trephine bar, followed by pAMTAB implantation. The pAMTAB was fixed to the defect using the fitting force of the surrounding bones. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after implantation, and the skull was dissected. Undecalcified ground slides were prepared and stained with Villanueva Goldner. Compared with the no implant control group, both pAMTAB groups exhibited new bone formation inside the defect, with greater bone formation in the mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB group than in the untreated pAMTAB group, but the difference was not significant. These data suggest that pAMTAB induces bone formation after implantation in bone defects. Bone formation appears to be enhanced by prior mixed-acid and heat-treated pAMTAB.

scholarly journals Does periosteum promote chondrogenesis? A comparison of free periosteal and perichondrial grafts in the regeneration of ear cartilage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Hyokyung Yoo ◽  
Taekeun Yoon ◽  
Hahn-Sol Bae ◽  
Min-Suk Kang ◽  
Byung Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ear Cartilage ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Elastic ear cartilage is a good source of tissue for support or augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the amount of ear cartilage is limited and excessive use of cartilage can cause deformation of the auricular framework. This animal study investigated the potential of periosteal chondrogenesis in an ear cartilage defect model.Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. Four ear cartilage defects were created in both ears of each rabbit, between the central artery and marginal veins. The defects were covered with perichondrium (group 1), periosteum taken from the calvarium (group 2), or periosteum taken from the tibia (group 3). No coverage was performed in a control group (group 4). All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later, and the ratio of neo-cartilage to defect size was measured.Results: Significant chondrogenesis occurred only in group 1 (cartilage regeneration ratio: mean± standard deviation, 0.97± 0.60), whereas the cartilage regeneration ratio was substantially lower in group 2 (0.10± 0.11), group 3 (0.08± 0.09), and group 4 (0.08± 0.14) (p= 0.004). Instead of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis was observed in the periosteal graft groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the amount of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed fibrous tissue accumulation in the defect area.Conclusion: Periosteal grafts showed weak chondrogenic potential in an ear cartilage defect model of rabbits; instead, they exhibited osteogenesis, irrespective of their embryological origin.

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