scholarly journals Volatile organic metabolites and their importance in Senecio L. (Senecioneae: Asteraceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Joshi Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Propenoic Acid ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Taxonomic Marker ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Level Analysis

The present work aims to characterize volatile secondary metabolites in Senecio L. for delimiting taxa at the infrageneric level. Analysis of n-hexane fraction of ethanolic extracts of five species of Senecio L. (S. laetus Edgew., S. nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, S. raphanifolius Wall. ex DC., S. royleanus DC. and S. scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) from Nepal Himalaya revealed the presence of a number of volatile secondary metabolites. Among them, 17 metabolites, viz., acorenol, bergamotene, cadin, cadinene, calarene, caryophyllene, cumialdehyde, cycloprop(e)azulene, elemol, farnesene, hexanol, intermedeol, muurolene, naphthalene, naphthalenone, propenoic acid and tridecane were considered for their potential use in chemotaxonomy of the genus. All species were characterized by the presence of cadin, elemol, farnesene, muurolene, naphthalenone and propenoic acid and absence of acorenol, cycloprop(e)azulene, hexanol and intermedeol. Cumialdehyde is present in all species except S. royleanus; cadinene is present in all tested species except S. nudicaulis and S. royleanus. Moreover, S. nudicaulis can be delimited from other species by the presence of bergamotene; S. royleanus can be delimited from other species by the presence of tridecane and caralene. Caryophyllene is present in S. raphanifolius and S. scandens and absent in S. laetus. Naphthalene is present in S. nudicaulis, S. royleanus and S. scandens, and absent in S. laetus and S. raphanifolius. Presence and absence of a single metabolite or a group of volatile organic metabolites indicates its significance as the taxonomic marker for delimiting taxa at infrageneric level. An artificial dichotomous key is prepared to delimit the taxa.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 12–18

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites from Artemisia Genus as Biopesticides and Innovative Nano-Based Application Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Bianca Ivănescu ◽  
Ana Flavia Burlec ◽  
Florina Crivoi ◽  
Crăița Roșu ◽  
Andreia Corciovă
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Potential Use

The Artemisia genus includes a large number of species with worldwide distribution and diverse chemical composition. The secondary metabolites of Artemisia species have numerous applications in the health, cosmetics, and food sectors. Moreover, many compounds of this genus are known for their antimicrobial, insecticidal, parasiticidal, and phytotoxic properties, which recommend them as possible biological control agents against plant pests. This paper aims to evaluate the latest available information related to the pesticidal properties of Artemisia compounds and extracts and their potential use in crop protection. Another aspect discussed in this review is the use of nanotechnology as a valuable trend for obtaining pesticides. Nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules represent a more efficient method of biopesticide delivery with increased stability and potency, reduced toxicity, and extended duration of action. Given the negative impact of synthetic pesticides on human health and on the environment, Artemisia-derived biopesticides and their nanoformulations emerge as promising ecofriendly alternatives to pest management.

Microalgal secondary metabolites: effect of climatic variables, seasons, and photocycles on the biogeneration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Basso Sartori ◽  
Stefania Fortes Siqueira ◽  
Mariana Manzoni Maroneze ◽  
Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes ◽  
Roger Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica as Field Protectants of Pawpaw Against Paracoccus marginatus Will. and Granara de Willink in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
S. A Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is a small sized polyphagous invasive hemipteran bug that attacks several genera of host plants, causing considerable yield loss. Commonly used insecticidal control is being discouraged due to environmental and human health hazards. Information on the control of this pest with botanicals is scanty, therefore the control using selected botanicals was investigated. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three botanicals: Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica were evaluated in screen cages (1.80×0.60×1.50m) for contact toxicity following standard procedures. Cypermethrin® (100 ml a.i ha-1) was used as a standard check. The secondary metabolites in the three plants were analyzed for saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and cardinolides following standard procedures. Effective concentration was determined using probit analysis. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the botanicals caused adult mortality of P. marginatus. However, the difference in percentage mortality in aqueous extracts of A. indica (54.28±1.7), H. suaveolens (47.5±4.1) and E. aromatica (48.6±1.1) were not significant (P>0.05). Percentage mortality of ethanolic extracts of A. indica (87.40±4.8) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than both E. aromatica (74.40.16±2.4) and H. suaveolens (72.10.58±2.8). Concentration of the secondary metabolites varied in the botanicals with H. suaveolens having higher flavonoids (107.08mg/100g), cardinolides (46.06 mg/100g) and terpenoids (3.17mg/100g) while A. indica had higher saponins (10.33mg/100g) and phenols (1938.48mg/100g) while E. aromatica had comparatively higher alkaloids (0.59%). The LC50 ranged from 3.61mg/kg in A. indica, to 4.64mg/kg in E. aromatica and 4.52mg/kg in H. suaveolens. The ethanolic extracts of botanicals evaluated were more effective than the aqueous extracts and can serve as a substitute to the synthetic insecticides for the control of P. marginatus.

scholarly journals Application of Streptomyces Antimicrobial Compounds for the Control of Phytopathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pacios-Michelena ◽  
Cristobal N. Aguilar González ◽  
Olga B. Alvarez-Perez ◽  
Raul Rodriguez-Herrera ◽  
Mónica Chávez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Microbial Pesticide

One of the relevant problems in today's agriculture is related to phytopathogenic microorganisms that cause between 30–40% of crop losses. Synthetic chemical pesticides and antibiotics have brought human and environmental health problems and microbial resistance to these treatments. So, the search for natural alternatives is necessary. The genus Streptomyces have broad biotechnological potential, being a promising candidate for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic microorganisms. The efficacy of some species of this genus in plant protection and their continued presence in the intensely competitive rhizosphere is due to its great potential to produce a wide variety of soluble bioactive secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds. However, more attention is still needed to develop novel formulations that could increase the shelf life of streptomycetes, ensuring their efficacy as a microbial pesticide. In this sense, encapsulation offers an advantageous and environmentally friendly option. The present review aims to describe some phytopathogenic microorganisms with economic importance that require biological control. In addition, it focuses mainly on the Streptomyces genus as a great producer of secondary metabolites that act on other microorganisms and plants, exercising its role as biological control. The review also covers some strategies and products based on Streptomyces and the problems of its application in the field.

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the leaves of acerola, guabiroba and ora-pro-nobis

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Denise Alves Vieira ◽  
Pauline Sambugaro Santos ◽  
Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ◽  
Manuel Salvador Vicente Plata-Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Radical Method ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Potential Use

<p>The objective of this work was to quantify the total content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of acerola, guabiroba and ora-pro-nobis leaves. The analysis was performed by the DPPH free-radical method, aiming to find plants with potential use as natural antioxidants in foodstuff. In the extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves, acidified methanol 80% showed superior performance when compared to ethanol 80%. It was found the amounts of 1656.66, 5196.66 and 1693.33 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/100&nbsp;g for acerola, guabiroba and ora-pro-nobis leaves, respectively. Ethanolic extracts of guabiroba and ora-pro-nobis leaves (8.57 &micro;g GAE/mL) presented higher antioxidant activity (92.6 and 92.76%, respectively) than BHT (10.13%), ascorbic acid (19.25%) and similar to trolox (92.79%). The extract of ora-pro-nobis presented the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> (3.22 &mu;g GAE/mL) showing a good ability to capture the DPPH radical.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.29</p>

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivity of Hyophila involuta (Hook) Jaeg.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Amos M. MAKINDE ◽  
Eunice A. FAJUYIGBE ◽  
Musibau O. ISA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The phytochemical screening of Hyophila involuta collected from the Biological Garden of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, was carried out to investigate the presence or absence of some secondary metabolites and its antibiotic potentials, using different extracts (with acetone and ethanol) on selected organisms. The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatanins, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenes and xanthoproteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Only acetone extract tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, while alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were detected present in both the acetone and ethanolic extracts. Flavonoids were detected present only in the acetone extract. Saponins were detected present only in the ethanolic extract. The extracts (acetone and ethanolic) showed significant activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus. The results obtained from this study indicated that H. involuta has medicinally important compounds, having therapeutic potential from which effective antimicrobial medicine can be sourced.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF TEN MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACT IN GLUCOSE INDUCED MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muhtadi ◽  
Yola Irenka ◽  
Wulan Chandra Ayu ◽  
Rini Hendriani ◽  
Ade Zuhrotun
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Glucose Meter ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Plants Extract

Objective: To evaluate and compare the hypoglycemic activity of ten medicinal plantsextract that are used empirically to treat hyperglycemia in Indonesia, in order to determineplant with the most potential as a hypoglycemic agent.Methods: Activity test was conducted in Swiss Webster glucose induced mice with glucosetolerance test. The ethanolic extracts of Mangiferaindica L. leaves, Perseaamericana Mill.leaves, Acoruscalamus L. rhizome, Phyllanthusniruri L. herb, Syzigiumcumini (L.) skeelsbark, Zingiberofficinale Roscoe rhizome, Moringaoleifera Lam. leaves, TamarindusindicaL. seed, Momordicacharantia L. fruits and Azadirachtaindica A. juss leaves, which weregiven orally at the same dose of 300 mg/kg bw. The blood samples wereused for determination of glucose level examination using glucose meter and test strips (AccuChek).Results: The ethanolic extract of Mangiferaindica L. leaves has the best activity in reductionof blood glucose level in mice, followed by Zingiberofficinale Roscoe rhizome,Acoruscalamus L. rhizome, Tamarindusindica L. seed.,MomordicacharantiaL. fruit., Syzigiumcumini (L.) skeels bark, Phyllanthusniruri L. herb., Perseaamericana Mill. leaves, andAzadirachtaindica A. juss leaves.Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest the potential use of Mangiferaindica L.leaves extract in therapy of hyperglycemia. 

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