scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivity of Hyophila involuta (Hook) Jaeg.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Amos M. MAKINDE ◽  
Eunice A. FAJUYIGBE ◽  
Musibau O. ISA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The phytochemical screening of Hyophila involuta collected from the Biological Garden of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, was carried out to investigate the presence or absence of some secondary metabolites and its antibiotic potentials, using different extracts (with acetone and ethanol) on selected organisms. The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatanins, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenes and xanthoproteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Only acetone extract tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, while alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were detected present in both the acetone and ethanolic extracts. Flavonoids were detected present only in the acetone extract. Saponins were detected present only in the ethanolic extract. The extracts (acetone and ethanolic) showed significant activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus. The results obtained from this study indicated that H. involuta has medicinally important compounds, having therapeutic potential from which effective antimicrobial medicine can be sourced.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Justica adhatoda

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Shahid Aziz ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Anisa Younis ◽  
Habib Ur-Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

<p>Phytochemical and biological investigations were undertaken on  ethanolic extracts of the leaves and root bark of <em>Justica adhatoda </em>L<em>.</em>  Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids and saponins were detected in  extracts from both parts of the title plant. Reducing sugars  were not detected in  either extract whereas flavonoids were  detected in ethanolic extract of <em>J. adhatota </em>leaves only. Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and Aspergillus <em>niger</em>  were demonstrated by both the  leaf and root bark extracts. Additionally, both extracts  displayed good antioxidant and heomolytic potential.  Interestingly, eight metal ions were detected in both extracts  in different concentrations.</p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Organic Extracts from the Root Bark of Cussonia arborea (Araliaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Luciane Marlyse Moungang ◽  
Lazare Sidjui Sidjui ◽  
Hervé Narcisse Bayaga ◽  
Josséline Ndambedia Mfouapon ◽  
Ondoua Nguélé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To assess the usefulness of Cussonia arborea in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Study Design: Experimental analytical study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in the Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde1; the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital; the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. The study was done in a period of six months.Methodology: The root bark of Cussonia arborea was collected in the village Yambéta (Central Region, Cameroon), dried and pulverized. Thereafter, two extractions were performed by embedding 200 g of powder in 2000 mL of 96° ethanol, and in a hydro-ethanolic mixture (30/70, v/v), respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed. Minimum inhibitory and bacterial toxicity were determined by macro-dilution in liquid medium on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp and Proteus mirabilis provided by the Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde1 and the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols (flavonoids, and tannins), alkaloids, quinones, saponins and, cardiac glycosides. However, coumarins were absent in the two extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts ranged from 25 to 100 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations from 25 to 200 mg/mL. The ethanolic extract was bactericidal against Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but bacteriostatic against Salmonella sp and Shigella sp. The hydro-ethanolic extract was bacteriostatic against Shigella sp and bactericidal against the other strains.Conclusion: The groups of polyphenols, alkaloids, quinones, saponins and, cardiac glycosides contained in the two extracts can justify the antibacterial activity observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp and Proteus mirabilis.

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity of Catunaregam spinosa (Thumb.) Tirveng Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Hansa Saini ◽  
Jayesh Dwivedi ◽  
Himanshu Paliwal ◽  
Udichi Kataria ◽  
Priyanka Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Response Method

Catunaregam spinosa leaves have been ethnopharmacologically accounted for acquiring various pharmacological properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of leaves of C. spinosa.The ethanolic extract was selected for this purpose based on phytochemical screening. Inflammation was inhibited at the dose of 200 mg/kg with percent inhibition of inflammation 32.06, 37.28 and 43.16 %, respectively, at 1, 3 and 5 h, while in egg albumin model % inhibition was found to be 47.81%. There was no significant analgesic activity seen in acetic acid induced writhing response method while significant effects were observed in the doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg on hot plate test. No antipyretic activity was shown by ethanolic extracts(25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) against Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Keywords: Catunaregam spinosa, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phytochemical screening, Ethanolic extract.

scholarly journals Efektivitas gel ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) terhadap diameter luka pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Sussana Halim ◽  
Hariyanto Halim ◽  
I Nyoman Ehrich Lister ◽  
Saipul Sihotang ◽  
Ali Napiah Nasution ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Average Data

ABSTRAKDaun senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, glikosida, dan fenolik yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan bersifat antifungi, antivirus dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) yang memberikan efektivitas terbaik terhadap penyembuhan luka pasca pencabutan gigi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Hasil ekstraksi daun senggani diformulasikan dalam bentuk salep dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5%, dan 10%. Hasil data rata-rata persentase kesembuhan luka yang terlihat dari diameter luka diuji secara statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 23. Hasil analisis pada hari ke-5 menunjukkan salep ekstrak etanol daun senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) konsentrasi 10% memiliki efektivitas penyembuhan luka yaitu sekitar 2,96 mm (p>0,05). Hasil skrining fitokimia daun senggani menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti tanin, saponin, flavonoid, streroid/triterpene, dan glikosida. Kata kunci: ekstrak; gel; luka gigi; Melastoma candidum D. Don.  ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) leaves ethanolic gel extract on wound diameter after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus.Senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don.) contains flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin, saponin, steroid, glicoside, and phenolic compound which use as antioxidant, antiinflamation, antifungus, antivirus, and antibacteria. This study aims to determine the concentration of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves extract which gives the best effectiveness on wound healing after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus. The results of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves extraction was formulated in the form of ointments with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. The results of the average data on the percentage of wound healing visible from the diameter of the wound were statistically tested using SPSS version 23. The results of the analysis on the day 5 showed the ointment of 10% ethanolic extract of senggani (M. candidum D. Don.) leaves  had an effective wound healing of about 2.96 mm (p> 0.05). Furthermore, the results of phytochemical screening are secondary metabolites such as tanins, saponins, flavonoids, streroids/triterpene and glycosides. Keywords: extract; gel; tooth wounds; Melastoma candidum D. Don.

scholarly journals LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Babita Aryal ◽  
Bikash Adhikari ◽  
Niraj Aryal ◽  
Bibek Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Karan Khadayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a profoundly used traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Previous studies conducted in this plant are more confined to extract level. Even though bioassay-based studies indicated the true therapeutic potential of this plant, compound annotation was not performed extensively. This research is aimed at assessing the bioactivity of different solvent extracts of the plant followed by annotation of its phytoconstituents. Liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is deployed for the identification of secondary metabolites in various crude extracts. On activity level, its ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 67.8 ± 1  μg/mL and 10.3 ± 0.1  μg/mL respectively, inspected through the substrate-based method. On the other hand, the plant extract showed an antioxidant activity of 23.76 ± 1.57  μg/mL, measured through radical scavenging activity. Similarly, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A. catechu showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZoI) of 13 and 14 mm, respectively. With the LC-HRMS-based dereplication strategy, we have identified 28 secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoid and phenolic categories. Identification of these metabolites from A. catechu and its biological implication also support the community-based usage of this plant and its medicinal value.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PSEUDOCEDRELA KOTSCHYI (SCHWEINF.) HARMS EXTRACTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Kokou Atchou ◽  
Koku Amegbo Dakey ◽  
Farida Etroubeka-Tsono ◽  
Amégninou Agban ◽  
Simplice Damintoti Karou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Inhibition

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacteria that causes a serious health problem because of its multi-resistance to antibiotics. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of P. kotschyi root against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus, a clinical strain. The phytochemical compound was sought in the extracts by standard staining tests and extractions were carried out by fractionation using solvents depletion method with increasing polarity. The method of dilution in liquid medium was used for the antibacterial tests. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the bark was effective against both S. aureus with MICs of 0.39 mg.mL-1. The MICs of ethanolic extract were 0.39 and 0.78 mg.mL-1, respectively on S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus. The steles of P. kotschyi roots were less effective. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts at concentrations = 2MICs, have been respectively bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on tested germs. The kinetics of inhibition showed that the aqueous extract of the bark at 0.78 mg.mL-1, completely destroyed the two germs respectively in 4 h and 5 h. The action of ethanolic extract at 0.78 and 1.56 mg.mL-1 occurs late against both S. aureus at 6 h and 7 h. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthracenes, glycosides, saponosides and sterols, some of that may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity. This study proved the antibacterial activity of P. kotschyi roots that can be exploited as an antibiotic in the treatment of S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM Commiphora leptophloeos (MART.) J. B. GILLETT AGAINST Staphylococcus SPP. ISOLATED FROM CASES OF MASTITIS IN RUMINANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamara Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Amanda Leite Guimarães ◽  
Vinícius Santana Amorim ◽  
Telma Maria Guedes da Silva ◽  
Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Considering the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as alternatives to antibiotic therapy, the research aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Commiphora leptophloeos against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of ruminants with subclinical mastitis. For this, the crude ethanolic extract from the bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos was prepared, with these being chemically characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS and by MALDI-TOF. The extracts were then evaluated as to their antimicrobial effects against 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. through the broth microdilution technique to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration. In addition, the extracts were evaluated as to their ability to interfere with biofilm formation and with the already established biofilm. Although all tested extracts showed antimicrobial action, lower MBC values were recorded for the bark extract in the concentration 781.2 µg/mL (25/60). The extracts of the bark and leaves were able to interfere with the initial stages of biofilm formation, but there was no interference of the extract on the established biofilm. There was a high sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from subclinical mastitis cases in ruminants when subjected to the extracts from bark and leaves of Commiphora leptophloeos, as well as regarding the ability of extracts to interfere in biofilm formation, indicating their potential in the use for ruminant mastitis therapy.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic, Antidepressant-Like Proprieties and Impact on the Memory of the Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Origanum majorana L. on Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8420
Author(s):  
Amal Amaghnouje ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Amal A. Alotaibi ◽  
Omar M. Noman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
The Impact

Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) infusion has been used as folk medicine against depression and anxiety. However, no studies have been carried out yet to prove those activities scientifically. In this study, the anxiolytic, antidepressant-like effects, and memory impact of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of marjoram were evaluated in mice. The hydro-ethanolic extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were evaluated for their central nervous effect using six different behavioral tests such as light–dark box (LDB) and open field (OF) for anxiety, forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) for depression, and object recognition test (ORT), Morris water maze (MWM) for the impact on memory. The experiments were realized on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of treatments and compared with bromazepam for anxiety (1 mg/kg) and paroxetine for depression (11.5 mg/kg). The phytochemical screening was performed by HPLC, and the acute and sub-acute toxicities were performed following OCED guidelines (N°423 and 407) with biochemical parameters evaluation and histopathological analysis. Oral administration of marjoram hydro-ethanolic extract induced significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects without memory impairment, increasing the exploration and time spent in the light area in the LDB test in a similar way to that of bromazepam. In the FST and TST, the extract was as effective as paroxetine (11.5 mg/kg, p.o.) in reducing immobility. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of ferulic acid, naringin, hydroxytyrosol, geraniol, and quercetin. This study approves the traditional use of this plant and encourages further investigation on its bioactive compounds.

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