Species Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Fishes of Seti Gandaki River Basin, Pokhara, Nepal

Species diversity with indices, distribution and abundance of fishes of Seti Gandaki River Basin, Pokhara, Nepal are described from five study sites, three along the main channel and two in major tributaries. Fishes were sampled using a cast-net following pass-removal method. Environmental variables were determined following the standard methods. In total, 30 species belonging to five orders, nine families and 24 genera with absolute abundance of 10,659 were recorded. A longitudinal pattern of distribution and species richness from upstream to downstream sites (17 to 21 species) was observed. Cyprinids were dominant followed by silurids, balitorids, channids, mastacembelids, belonids and cobitids. Distribution pattern and abundance data showed that the species Tor tor, Tor putitora, Chaguninus chagunio, Barilius barila, Opsarius barna, Danio rerio, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, Parachiloglanis hodgarti and Amblyceps mangois were not common in the study area. The environmental variables such as depth, width, discharge and temperature showed effect upon species richness, abundance, distribution and diversity indices, which had lower values at upstream pre-urban sites than at downstream post-urban sites. A sharp decline in species richness, abundance and diversity indices at urban site (10 species) indicated urban influence.

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Environmental Variables of the Seti Gandaki River Basin Pokhara, Nepal

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v22i2.19604 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 129-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kishor Kumar Pokharel ◽

Khadga Bahadur Basnet ◽

Trilok Chandra Majupuria ◽

Chitra Bahadur Baniya

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

River Basin ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Urban Site ◽

Water Conductivity ◽

Free Carbon Dioxide ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Present paper focuses on the spatio-temporal variations and correlations among the environmental variables of the Seti Gandaki River basin, Pokhara, Nepal. A total of five sites, three along the river and two in tributaries were selected for this study. Water sampling was done fortnightly for environmental variables following standard methods during July 2011 to June 2012. Mean and standard deviation of the environmental variables revealed that the depth (0.9 ± 0.3), pH (8 ± 0.4), total phosphates (PO4) (0.10 ± 0.03) and nitrates (NO3) (0.13 ± 0.04) were normally variable among the sites. But the discharge (40.00 ± 37.00), width (32.30 ± 13.00), turbidity (81.40 ± 51.00), transparency (29.10 ± 15.00), conductivity (166.00 ± 80.00), water temperature (18.00 ±4.00), dissolved oxygen (DO) (8.00 ± 2.00), free carbon dioxide (CO2) (7.00 ± 2.00) and total alkalinity (98.00 ± 22.00) varied among sites equally. Correlation coefficient between the sites and environmental variables revealed that sites were found significantly correlated with water conductivity (r2 = 0.6), DO (r2 = -0.52), and free CO2 (r2 = 0.6); depth of water with width (r2 = 0.94), discharge (r2 = 0.96), turbidity (r2 = 0.71), transparency (r2 = -0.62), water temperature (r2 = 0.60), pH (r2 = -0.52) and DO (r2 = -0.48); water temperature with pH (r2 = -0.54), DO (r2 = -0.79), free CO2 (r2 = 0.69), total alkalinity (r2 = -0.58), total PO4 (r2 = 0.54) and NO3 (r2 = 0.62), etc. The enhancement of turbidity, conductivity, free CO2, phosphates and nitrates, while, suppression of transparency, pH and DO at the urban site indicated the urban influence. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, page: 129-139

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The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-163 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 38-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Steven G Newmaster ◽

F Wayne Bell

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Aerial Application ◽

Forest Diversity ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

And Function

In northern forests, cryptogams (spore producing plants) occupy a key position in forest ecosystem diversity and function. Forest harvesting and silvicultural practices have the potential to reduce cryptogam diversity. This project uses four blocks that were mechanically site prepared, planted with a single conifer species, and subsequently subjected to five conifer release treatments: (1) motor-manual cleaning, (2) mechanical brush cutting, (3) aerial application of triclopyr, (4) aerial application of glyphosate, and (5) control (untreated clearcut). Five 10 × 10 m subplots were installed in each of the five treatment plots and the uncut forest on the four blocks. Botanical surveys were conducted before and 15 years after treatments. Species richness and abundance, Shannon's and Heip's indices, and rank abundance diagrams clearly show that richness and abundance were affected by silvicultural treatments. Vegetation management treatments resulted in significant reductions in cryptogam diversity, to the point that only a few colonists and drought-tolerant species remained. Cryptogam diversity was ranked in the following order: forest > clearcut > mechanical clearing > herbicide treatment. Herbicide treatments had the greatest initial effect on species richness, species abundance, and diversity indices. Cryptogam diversity showed signs of recovery 5 years after treatments. Missed strips (untreated areas) within a clearcut provided a refuge for remnant communities of forest cryptogams that could play a key role in the rehabilitation forest diversity.

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STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jpkt.7.2.2011.179 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Unstain NWJ Rembet ◽

Mennofatria Boer ◽

Dietriech G Bengen ◽

Achmad Fahrudin

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Species Richness ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Species Evenness ◽

Target Fish ◽

Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.

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Microbial Diversity Based on Multifractal Analysis of Metagenomes

10.20944/preprints202107.0560.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xianhua Xie ◽

Yuanlin Ma ◽

Zuguo Yu ◽

Guosheng Han

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Multifractal Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Age Difference ◽

Chaos Game Representation ◽

As Species ◽

Species Diversity Indices

Species diversity in microbiome is a cutting-edge concept in metagenomic research. In this study, we propose a multifractal analysis for metagenomic research. From the chaos game representation (CGR) visualization of simulated and real metagenomes, we find that there exists self-similarity in the visualization of metagenomes. Then we compute the multifractal dimensions for simulated and real metagenomes. For simulated metagenomes, we also compute their diversity indices, such as species richness indices, Shannon’s diversity indices and Simpson’s diversity indices respectively for varying value of . Fom the Pearson correlation coefficients between their multifractal dimensions and traditional species diversity indices, we find that the correlation coefficients between the multifractal dimensions and species richness indices and Shannon diversity indices reach their maximums at respectively. The correlation coefficients between the multifractal dimensions and Simpson’s diversity indices reach their maximums at nearly. So the traditional diversity indices can be unified by the frame of multifractal analysis. These results coincided with the similar results in macrobial ecology. Finally, we apply our methods to real metagenomes of 100 infants’ gut microbiomes when they are newborn, 4 months and 12 months. Our results show that multifractal dimensions of infants’ gut microbiomes can discriminate the age difference.

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Geographical Distribution, Biodiversity, and Species Richness of Medically Important Necrophagous Flies in Central Iran

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjz203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 377-381

Author(s):

Ehssan Mozaffari ◽

Abedin Saghafipour ◽

Kourosh Arzamani ◽

Nahid Jesri ◽

Majid Kababian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Central Iran ◽

Calliphora Vicina ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Species

Abstract There have been some investigations carried out about necrophagous flies and their biodiversity indices in Iran. In the present study, the species composition of flies, their richness, and biodiversity were investigated in central Iran. In a cross-sectional study, specimens were collected monthly in three different climate areas of Qom Province. Species diversity, species richness, and species evenness were calculated to estimate the species biodiversity of flies. In total, 7,291 flies were collected and identified using valid identification keys that classified flies into four families and 15 different species. The largest collection of flies was obtained in the mountainous areas comprising 36.2% of specimens. Moreover, five forensically important species of fly were collected in this region with the potential to cause human and animal myiasis: Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, Musca domestica, Wohlfahrtia nuba, and Chrysomya albiceps. There were slight differences in species richness and diversity indices in the areas. In mountainous areas, the Shannon–Wiener index and richness were maximum (H’ = 1.87, S = 13). The evenness based on the Shannon evenness index in the mountainous areas was 0.728 and 0.719 in desert areas, whereas it was the highest (0.764) in the semidesert areas. Moreover, high values of the Jaccard similarity index were observed in captured necrophagous fly species in all the areas. The necrophagous fly fauna and species diversity indices were high because of an increase in the evenness. In general, some well-known forensically important species of flies were collected that proved the potential of myiasis occurrence in this area.

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Woody Species Diversity in Traditional Agroforestry Practices of Dellomenna District, Southeastern Ethiopia: Implication for Maintaining Native Woody Species

International Journal of Biodiversity ◽

10.1155/2015/643031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abiot Molla ◽

Gonfa Kewessa

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Woody Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Croton Macrostachyus ◽

Woody Species Diversity ◽

Native Woody Species ◽

Study Sites ◽

Traditional Agroforestry ◽

Agroforestry Practices

The major impact of humans on forest ecosystems including loss of forest area, habitat fragmentation, and soil degradation leads to losses of biodiversity. These problems can be addressed by integration of agriculture with forests and maintaining the existing forests. This study was initiated to assess woody species diversity of traditional agroforestry practices. Three study sites (Burkitu, Chire, and Erba) were selected based on the presence of agroforestry practice. Forty-eight (48) sample quadrants having an area of 20 m × 20 m, 16 sample quadrants in each study site, were systematically laid using four transect lines at different distance. The diversity of woody species was analyzed by using different diversity indices. A total of 55 woody species belonging to 31 families were identified and documented. There were significantly different (P<0.05) among the study Kebeles (peasant associations). Mangifera indica, Entada abyssinica, and Croton macrostachyus were found to have the highest Important Value Index. The results confirmed that traditional agroforestry plays a major role in the conservation of native woody species. However, threats to woody species were observed. Therefore, there is a need to undertake conservation practices before the loss of species.

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Benthos of the Port of Melbourne : The Yarra River and Hobsons Bay, Victoria

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9780141 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

GCB Poore ◽

JD Kudenov

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Hierarchical Classification ◽

Soft Bottom ◽

Diverse Communities ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Faunal Diversity ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Yarra River

The distribution of soft-bottom macrobenthos in the Yarra River and Hobsons Bay, Vic.,is examined in terms of temporal changes in abundance and diversity, and related to selected environmental variables. Hierarchical classification was used to divide the stations into three zones: upstream river stations; downstream river stations with muddy bay stations; and sandy bay stations. The faunas of the river and the central muddy basin of Port Phillip Bay are similar although several common Bay species were absent in the river, probably as a result of competition and lowered salinity and dissolved oxygen. Faunal diversity of the Yarra River was lower than that of Hobsons Bay and is lower than that of equivalent areas in the northern hemisphere. Seasonality in species composition or diversity was not observed. The dominant river species, Theora fragilis (Bivalvia), was more abundant in the lower river than anywhere in Port Phillip Bay. Its life expectancy and density were lowest at stations further up the river. Species diversity seems more predictable in highly diverse communities lacking dominant species than in communities of low diversity dominated at all times by one or two species.

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INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN DEMERSAL DI PERAIRAN TARAKAN

BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap ◽

10.15578/bawal.6.1.2014.47-53 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suprapto Suprapto

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Demersal Fish ◽

Management Policy ◽

Fishing Ground ◽

Trawl Fishing ◽

Data Capacity ◽

Species Diversity Indices ◽

Evenness Indices

Perairan Tarakan termasuk daerah penangkapan sumber daya ikan demersal dan udang cukup potensial di KalimantanUtara. Tingginya tingkat eksploitasi ikan demersal dengan menggunakan trawlmenyebabkan keragaman jenisnya rendah. Penelitian ikan demersal dilakukan di perairan Tarakan pada bulanMei,Agustus dan Nopember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh indeks keanekaragaman jenis ikan demersal. Data spesies ikan demersal dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan jaring trawl yang dioperasikan oleh kapal motor 20GT dengan metode sapuan area. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah taksa ikan demersal sebanyak 86 spesies yang tergolong kedalam45 famili. Komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan trawl didominasi oleh famili Leiognathidae (ikan petek), Sciaenidae (ikan gulama), Harpadontidae (ikan nomei),Apogonidae (ikan serinding) danMullidae (ikan bijinangka). Status keanekaragaman jenis termasuk dalamkategori sedang dengan indeks “Shanon-Wiener” (H’)berkisar antara 1,7-2,5 sedangkan indeks kekayaan “Margalef” (R1 ) berkisar antara 7-8. Penyebaran spesies ikan demersal bersifat sedang dengan indeks kemerataan jenis (E) rata-rata sebesra 0,5.Kelimpahan ikan demersal tidak ada yang dominan, ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks kemerataan jenis “Pielou” (E) rata-rata sebesar 0,4.Tarakan and adjacent waters is one of potentially fishing ground of demersal fish resources in north Kalimantan. High exploitation by trawler tend to decreased of biodiversity of demersal fish in this area. Research has been conducted in the waters of Tarakan duringMay, August and November 2012. The aim of this research is to get species diversity indices of demersal fish, which is expected to be useful as one of the data capacity for sustainable fisheries management policy. Data obtained by using trawl fishing gear with a sweept area method.The results showed that demersal fish species richness 86 species, belonging to 45 families. Dominant family are Leiognathidae, Sciaenidae, Harpadontidae, Apogonidae andMullidae. Result of analysis indicate that species diversity in Tarakan waters in the medium category. Status of biodiversity consist of: range value diversityindices “Shanon-Wiener” (H’) was 1.7 to 2.5; species richness indices of “Margalef” (R1 ) are between 7-8; evenness indices of “Pielou” (E 1) was 0,5 and dominant indices “Pielou” (E) an average of 0.4.

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Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Elioenai da Silva Oliveira ◽

Erick Cristofore Guimarães ◽

Pâmella Silva de Brito ◽

Lucas de Oliveira Vieira ◽

Rafael Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Fish Species ◽

Fish Community ◽

Linear Models ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Alien Invasive Species

Abstract: The Munim River basin is one of the main river drainages of the Hydrological unit Maranhão, but there are few published studies which focus on ichthyological surveys and taxonomic work within this basin. The present study aims to provide a fish species inventory of the Mata da Itamacaoca, one of the few urban protected areas from the upper Munim River basin, comparing the ichthyofauna with other lists by conducted at the upper Munim River basin. A total of 42 collection expeditions were conducted, the sampling was conducted at five collecting sites distributed within the boundaries of Mata de Itamacaoca, upper Munim River basin. Diversity indices were calculated and generalised linear models (GLMs) were employed to assess differences in species richness, diversity and evenness depending on season and location in relation to the reservoir dam wall. In order to visualize fish community differences, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and a one-way PERMANOVA was used to understand whether factors of site, season and location to the dam wall had an effect on fish community compositions. A total of six orders, 13 families, and 23 fish species were found, and the order with the highest species richness, considering all reaches, was Characiformes followed by Cichliformes. The most abundant species was Nannostomus beckfordi, while Pimelodella parnahybae and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were the rarer species sampled. There were no alien invasive species collected within the study area. Species richness was significantly higher below the dam wall, but there were no other significant differences in diversity indices with regards to season or location. Fish community composition was significantly different above and below the dam wall and was significantly affected by sampling site. Season did not have an effect on fish community. This study corroborates other studies conducted in the Unidade Hidrológica Maranhão sensu Hubbert and Renno (2006), that the ichthyofaunal composition and taxonomy of species within this region face major data deficits, anthropogenic impacts, this study may be a baseline for comparing similar environments throughout the region.

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Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species diversity in secondary forest and three agricultural land uses of the Colombian Pacific Coast

REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA ◽

10.35249/rche.47.3.21.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 441-458

Author(s):

Alexandra Narváez-Vásquez ◽

Jackeline Gaviria ◽

Erika Valentina Vergara-Navarro ◽

Leonardo Rivera-Pedroza ◽

Bernhard Löhr

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Peach Palm ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Ectatomma Ruidum ◽

Study Sites

The study area pertains to the Chocó Biogeography, one of the most biodiverse areas in the world, where around 40,000 ha of rainforest has been cleared for oil palm plantations. We surveyed the ant species’ richness and diversity in four differently disturbed areas in Tumaco, Colombia, using pitfall traps and Winkler sacks. Study sites were two oil palm plantations of three- and seven- years’ existence, a peach palm plantation Bactris gasipaes of 20 years, and an area of secondary forest of 10 years. A total of 93 ant species or morphospecies, comprising 31 genera in 8 subfamilies were identified. The subfamily Myrmicinae had the highest number of species (57), followed by Ponerinae (10) and Formicinae (9). The hybrid palm oil plantations harbored 46 species (7 years) and 50 species (3 years), respectively, while the peach palm plantation was composed of 53 species, and the secondary forest had 62 species. Ectatomma ruidum was the most dominant species in the oil palm plots (≥ 80% of specimen), but significantly less in the peach palm and secondary forest. The most species-rich genera were Pheidole spp. (23) and Solenopsis spp. (13). No differences were observed in the ant species’ diversity between the secondary forest and peach palm, contrasting with the significant differences between the secondary forest and the two oil palm areas. A comparison with studies in natural areas suggests that the oil palm monocultures have dramatically reduced the species’ richness and that ten years of recovery does not bring back anything close to the original diversity.

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