A Study of Exposure of Overall Background Radiation In Syangja District of Nepal

2017 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
T Timilsina ◽  
K. R. Poudel ◽  
P. R. Poudel
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Exposure

This study presents general exposure of background radiation to the people living or visiting nine places of Syangja district. A portable GM counter was used to quantify the total radiation at those places. The findings of this study show variation of radiation level at different places. Comparatively large values of radiation counts are observed at high altitude places (Gurung Dada: 70.23 cpm and Pokhari Dada: 64.77 cpm). The value of radiation count inside room is comparatively larger than that at outside room for these places. Moreover, small value of radiation count is observed at river side (Bank of Aandhikhola river: 21.63 cpm). Little large values are observed near Saligram stones and ancient statue than at other regions of one historical/religious place. Hence, results show fluctuations of background radiation level for different places. Some places have comparatively large value of radiation count while some places have comparatively small value. But there is no any abnormal value of radiation counts for all sample places. So there is, generally, no significant risk of public exposure to the background radiation for sample places.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, April 2017 (92-95)

Background Radiation: Detection, Measurement and Hazards

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Rajan Paudel Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Radiation is a form of energy. It is of two types: non-ionizing and ionizing. Among them, ionizing radiations have hazardous health effects upon human beings. Different types of cancers may arise from the overexposure to ionizing radiations like alpha- particles, beta-particles, gamma- rays, x-rays etc. Further, ionizing radiations have very important utilities in case of paper handling and use. Radiations can be used for various beneficial purposes like medical imaging, radiation therapy, improvement of quality of agriculture, industry etc. The overall radiation from various sources on a specific location on earth's surface refers to the background radiation level of that zone. Exposure to background radiation is an inescapable feature of the environment. A portable GM counter was used to quantify the total radiation level at different places. The finding of this shows a variation of radiation level. Comparatively large values of radiation counts at high altitude and low values at river side. There is no any abnormal value of radiation counts for all sample places. So, there is, generally, no significant risk of public exposure to the background radiation for sample places.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, 2017 (119-122)

scholarly journals Optical Parameters Optimization for All-Time Star Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Wei ◽  
Li ◽  
Du ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Star Sensor ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
Sensor Detection

As an important development direction of star sensor technology, the All-Time star sensor technology can expand the application of star sensors to flight platforms inside the atmosphere. Due to intense atmospheric background radiation during the daytime, the commonly used star sensors operating in the visible wavelength range are significantly limited in their ability to detect stars, and hence the All-Time star sensor technology which is based on the shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging system has become an effective research direction. All-Time star sensor detection capability is significantly affected by observation conditions and, therefore, an optimized selection of optical parameters, which mainly includes the field of view (FOV) and the detection wavelength band, can effectively improve the detection performance of All-Time star sensors under harsh observation conditions. This paper uses the model simulation method to analyze and optimize the optical parameters under various observation conditions in a high-altitude environment. A main parameter among those discussed is the analysis of detection band optimization based on the SWIR band. Due to the huge cost constraints of high-altitude experiments, we conducted experiments near the ground to verify the effectiveness of the detection band selection and the correctness of the SWIR star sensor detection model, which thereby proved that the optimization of the optical parameters for high altitudes was effective and could be used as a reference.

Evaluation of Radiological Hazards of Particulates Emissions From a Coal Fired Power Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suhana ◽  
M. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Air Dispersion

Abstract Natural minerals may contain radionuclides of natural origin of Uranium-238 (238U) and Thorium-232 (232Th) decay series. Similarly, coal like any other minerals found in nature contains trace amount of such naturally occurring radionuclides including Potassium-40 (40K). The generation of electricity by coal fired power plant (CFPP) releases particulates emission to the atmosphere and deposited on the surrounding area that may increase the natural background radiation level within the facility. This paper presents an evaluation of the natural radioactivity concentration found in the particulates emission from a typical CFPP in Malaysia. Standard Gaussian dispersion model approach was used to predict the potential radiological hazards arising from the particulates released from the stack. The predicted maximum ground level particulate (Cmax) concentration and downwind distance (X) was 52 µg m–3 and 1,600 m of away from the CFPP, respectively. The air dispersion modelling results recorded that the calculated Cmax released from the CFPP was found lower than the national and international ambient air quality limits, which means that radiological hazards due to inhalation of natural radionuclides in particulate released to the environment is insignificant. The findings revealed that, this activity does not impose any significant radiological risk to the human population at large and the operation is in compliance with the national legislation and international practice.

scholarly journals Episode of Hepatitis C viral infection in the people of Swat, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahat ◽  
M. Israr ◽  
I. Hassan ◽  
M. Islam ◽  
A. -ud-Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
The People ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Infectious agents cause serious diseases in humans worldwide and are responsible for the high rate of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and epidemiology of infectious disease (HCV) in the hospital visited patients referred by the physicians through the initial findings and their associated risk factors were studied in Swat. The data of 174 infected patients were collected during the period of 2015 to 2017 from two clinical laboratories of Tehsil Matta Swat. Inform consent form was taken before blood collection. After taking informed consent blood samples were collected and ICT test was performed and then ICT positive cases were conform through PCR. A total of 174 ICT positive samples [106 male and 68 females] were included in this study. Age was considered from 10 to 72 years. Of the 174 ICT strip positive, 99 [63 males, 36 females] were confirmed through PCR. The prevalence rate was recorded 56.89%. I.V/I.M injection was recorded in 100% of the individuals. Visits to the barber shop was reported in (58%) of the individuals, married individuals were (81.0), surgical operation was reported in (44.8%), sharing toothbrush was observed in (29.9%), piercing was reported in (39.7%), family history was reported in (26.4%), dental treatment was observed in (21.8%), jaundice were (13.2%) and tattooing was (1.7%). Blood transfusion, surgical operations, Jaundice, family history and dental treatment were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be needed to control the spread of HCV in far near future.

MEASUREMENT OF URANIUM IN URINE, HAIR AND NAILS IN SUBJECTS OF NISKA BANJA TOWN, A HIGH NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF SERBIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Z S Žunic ◽  
L Benedik ◽  
R Kritsananuwat ◽  
N Veselinovic ◽  
S Tokonami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Radiation Area

Abstract Urine, hair and nail samples were collected from a population of both sex aged from 40 to 87 years in Niška Banja (227 km south of Belgrade, Serbia) with a high level of natural radioactivity (HLNRA). To assess and monitor the public exposure, urine samples for each subject (24 h period) were collected and concentration of uranium (U) was analysed using alpha-particle spectrometry. Human hair and nails considered as bio-indicators of the public exposure to radionuclides over a long period of months or even years and concentration of U was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of U in urine, hair and nail were 123 ng/L, 17 ng/g and 8 ng/g, respectively. There was a large variation and may be due to geological origin.

Investigation of background radiation level in Krusadai Island Mangrove, Gulf of Mannar, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Inigo Valan ◽  
R. Mathiyarasu ◽  
S. G. D. Sridhar ◽  
V. Narayanan ◽  
A. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Radiation Level

Public exposure due to external gamma background radiation in boundary areas of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Hosseini Pooya ◽  
M.R. Dashtipour ◽  
A. Enferadi ◽  
T. Orouji
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gamma Background ◽  
Public Exposure

scholarly journals Comparison of the Background Radiation Level within Kanchanpur District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
G. B. Dhami ◽  
M. R. Bhatt ◽  
J. Khadayat ◽  
B. D. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Background Count ◽  
Geiger Muller Counter ◽  
Rural Places ◽  
Study District

We have reported the background radiation of urban and some other rural places of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A simple portable Geiger Muller counter was used to quantify the level of overall background radiation by collecting data of different forty seven (including six urban and forty one rural places) places within the district. Our study reveals that the background radiation level of the study district is below the risk level. The maximum background count values 33.00±4.47 (Mahakali Zonal Hospital), 33.93 ± 1.16 (Mahakali School, Mahakali -01) and 31.30±3.97 CPM (Gha gaon) have been reported which is below the risk level. The observed values of radiation counts at all the sample places indicate that Kanchanpur district is radiation risk free.

scholarly journals Risk factors of hypertension in Indian adults: a systematic review (1994-2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Sameer H. Deshmukh ◽  
Amitava Acharyya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
The People

Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable diseases globally. In India the incidence of hypertensive cases has been on the rise. Among the last few decades not only hypertension has become common in elderly but recently many cases have been reported in the young adults in India. Despite this emerging as one of the future public health concerns, there has been limited research regarding the factors that may be responsible for causing hypertension involving young and middle-aged adults and the findings remain inconclusive. The main aim of this study was to identify the risk factors responsible for developing hypertension in Indian adults. A systematic review of the available literature around the research question was carried out. Total 9 primary studies were identified after a thorough search of databases and screening strategy. Studies published between the years 1994 to 2014 and looking into risk factors of hypertension in the Indian adult population were considered. Data from each of the 9 included studies was extracted using MS Excel spreadsheets. The main risk factors of hypertension found in adults were smoking and chewing tobacco, alcohol consumption, obesity, sedentary activities, excessive salt intake and lifestyle. Along with these risk factors illiteracy, unawareness of diseases, neglecting attitude towards health and male dominating culture were also significant risk factors. Hypertension is increasing health problem in adults in India especially in this era of urbanization. People are adapting to the western culture and hence the lifestyle is changing drastically. The main risk factors leading to hypertension are smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and excessive salt intake. This signifies that there is a need to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the people related with Hypertension prevention and management in order to live a better and healthy life.

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