scholarly journals Changing Occupational Pattern among the Bishowkarmas: A Case Study of Hemja VDC

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Deb Bahadur Chetry
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Traditional Occupation ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Institutional Capability

This paper deals on the current issues of changing patterns of traditional occupational skills and technologies and management of the traditional skills and technologies of Bishowkarmas of Hemja VDC from an anthropological perspective. This paper highlights the salient traditional occupational features and recommendations of policies for the promotion of traditional occupation for self reliant. It also deals with the causes of intergenerational occupational mobility and shift from the traditional occupation of Bishowkarmas. The indings are based on a ield level investigation, observation and focused group discussion among the Bishowkarmas and analysis from multidisciplinary and participatory approach. Major causes for the occupational mobility issues among the surveyed population include socio-cultural practices, modernization, industrialization, urbanization and widespread use of western education system. The main management and promotional issues includes reservation, strong law against touchable practices, arrangement of raw materials and market. Promotional strategy comprise of socio-cultural and improved institutional capability aspects which emphases on issues like giving importance to native products and traditional occupational skills and technologies and create space for native products for conserving traditional art and promoting for the self reliant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v4i0.4667 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.IV (2010) 49-60

Metal burial: Understanding caching behaviour and contact material culture in Australia's NE Kimberley

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-52
Author(s):  
Sam Harper ◽  
Ian Waina ◽  
Ambrose Chalarimeri ◽  
Sven Ouzman ◽  
Martin Porr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contact Material ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Burials

This paper explores identity and the recursive impacts of cross-cultural colonial encounters on individuals, cultural materials, and cultural practices in 20th-century northern Australia. We focus on an assemblage of cached metal objects and associated cultural materials that embody both Aboriginal tradition and innovation. These cultural materials were wrapped in paperbark and placed within a ring of stones, a bundling practice also seen in human burials in this region. This ‘cache' is located in close proximity to rockshelters with rich, superimposed Aboriginal rock art compositions. However, the cache shelter has no visible art, despite available wall space. The site shows the utilisation of metal objects as new raw materials that use traditional techniques to manufacture a ground edge metal axe and to sharpen metal rods into spears. We contextualise these objects and their hypothesised owner(s) within narratives of invasion/contact and the ensuing pastoral history of this region. Assemblage theory affords us an appropriate theoretical lens through which to bring people, places, objects, and time into conversation.

Edges and interactions beyond Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells ◽  
Naoise Mac Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
The North Atlantic

Iron Age Europe, once studied as a relatively closed, coherent continent, is being seen increasingly as a dynamic part of the much larger, interconnected world. Interactions, direct and indirect, with communities in Asia, Africa, and, by the end of the first millennium AD, North America, had significant effects on the peoples of Iron Age Europe. In the Near East and Egypt, and much later in the North Atlantic, the interactions can be linked directly to historically documented peoples and their rulers, while in temperate Europe the evidence is exclusively archaeological until the very end of the prehistoric Iron Age. The evidence attests to often long-distance interactions and their effects in regard to the movement of peoples, and the introduction into Europe of raw materials, crafted objects, styles, motifs, and cultural practices, as well as the ideas that accompanied them.

Why Translocate?

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Courtney A. Hofman ◽  
Leslie A. Reeder-Myers
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Alta California ◽  
Stable Isotope Data

Worldwide, prehistoric hunter-gatherers and horticulturalists translocated a variety of animals and plants to islands. Translocations enhanced island ecosystems, introducing animals and plants used for food or raw materials. We review recent zooarchaeology, genetics, and stable isotope data to evaluate the evidence for ancient translocations to the islands of Baja and Alta California. Native peoples likely translocated foxes, mice, ground squirrels, domesticated dogs, iguanids, and possibly skunks to some California Islands. Although some animal translocations were for subsistence or broader environmental enhancement, others were either unintentional (mice) or more closely associated with ritual and other cultural practices. The dearth of translocations tied directly to subsistence suggests that marginal island food sources were not a primary factor driving translocation.

Media Anthropology

Anthropology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pardo ◽  
Elizabeth ErkenBrack ◽  
John L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Media Anthropology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Object Of Study

Although anthropologists have long addressed topics related to media and communications technologies, some have argued that a truly institutionalized commitment to the anthropology of media has only developed within the past twenty years. This might be due, at least in part, to a traditional disciplinary emphasis on “primitive” communities lacking the ostensible features of modernity, including electronic forms of mass mediation. Thick description, a central aim of ethnography as touted by Clifford Geertz, was historically geared toward small-scale societies and precluded the study of contemporary forms of mass media in modern life. However, anthropologists have begun to develop productive ways of including mass mediation into their ethnographic accounts. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly difficult to talk about cultural practices at all without some nod to the ubiquity of global media. From an anthropological perspective, it is important to consider varying cultural contexts of mass-media production, consumption, and interpretation. And this begs a question that several anthropologists have begun to answer. What is the most appropriate way to study “the media” as a cultural phenomenon? Content analyses of media texts? The measuring and identifying of media’s social effects and influence? Ethnographic studies of “reception” and “production”? Or something else entirely? Anthropologists engage in all of these and more. Additionally, new questions are emerging about how anthropology might best address digital media and online communities. There are multiple ways in which anthropologists have engaged with “the media” both as a tool of representation and an object of study. To outline some of those ways, it makes sense to provide a history of developments in the field, summarizing several thematic topics that have recently been of central focus to anthropologists of media, including religion, globalization, and nationalism. It also makes sense to think about approaches to studying mass media that other disciplines deploy—disciplines that are in conversation with anthropologists on this subject, including and especially media studies, communications studies, and cultural studies. The categorical divisions here attempt to reflect anthropology’s historical commitments to various analytical, thematic, and medium-based modes of inquiry.

Cultural Practices and Beliefs of Indigenous People in Dumingag, Zamboanga Del Sur

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melrose A. Sali-Ot ◽  
Kent G. Suarez ◽  
Gerome O. Villarmino
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

This study was conducted to determine the demographic characteristics, culture practices and beliefs of Subanen people in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur. Triangulation method was utilized using direct participatory observational approach, informal or indepth interview and a focus group discussion. The study found out that majority of the Subanens’ educational attainment are elementary level, and farming is their source of income. Most of their houses were made of light materials. Subanens had several instruments and dances which are played and performed during gatherings and special occasions. They ate vegetables, root crops, and aquatic foods to survive. They served/offered Pangasi (native wine) during ceremonial celebrations, gatherings and rituals. Their special skill was making of native products. The Gukom or Timuay was the highly respected leader of the tribal group and was empowered to lead ceremonies and mediate or settle tribal problems and disputes. The Shaman (Suruhano) was also respected because of his capability to cure illness. He could see and talk with the supernatural beings. Subanens manifested many differences in terms of rituals and ceremonial celebrations. They had unique beliefs that were originated from their ancestors and had been preserved for a long time.   Keywords - Cultural practices and beliefs, indigenous people, Subanen, Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur

An Anthropological Perspective on Legal Pluralism

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-185
Author(s):  
Sally Engle Merry
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
State Law ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Fragmentation Of International Law

The concept of legal pluralism has proved enormously fruitful in challenging ideas about the centrality of state law and increasing awareness of the diversity of ways that individuals interact with the law. As scholars seek to understand international law as a sociocultural as well as a legal field, the concept of global legal pluralism offers a useful framework. It provides a way to theorize the fluidity and fragmentation of international law as well as its spaces of openness and opportunity. It is a way to understand its regulatory role in conjunction with regional, national, and local systems and the structures of local, national, and global power which shape its practices. The concept of global legal pluralism highlights both the global nature of the new legal terrain as well as the relative normativities of various orders, from the strictly “legal” to those based on cultural practices rather than state law. The anthropological concept of legal pluralism helps to understand the complexity of the global legal order, with a focus on the way its fragmentation and incommensurability operates in practice in the highly complex sociocultural global situation.

scholarly journals Penguatan Aspek Produksi pada KWT Amanah untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanty Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Dian Palupi Restuputri
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Village

Abstract. Amanah farmer women group (KWT) is an association of housewives who live in the village of Binangun, Bumiaji, Batu City. Amanah farmer women's groups began to stand in 2016. The problem faced is the limited production equipment, especially on the packaging process. The rare of banana as raw materials for chips also become problems and make the production process stop. The concept of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) are applying to solve problems in KWT Amanah. The program used a participatory approach that directly involved KWT Amanah in the FGD (focus group discussion), brainstorming, interviews, and consultations regarding activities and solutions to be carried out. The results of the analysis and evaluation show the increased productivity in the banana chips production process, especially in the packaging process. KWT Amanah also has additional knowledge and skills in using new equipment, which is sealer machines and cassava chopper machines. The new variant of the product will increase revenue and become a solution if there is a lack of banana as raw materials.Keyword : production process, productivity, training, technologyAbstrak Kelompok wanita tani (KWT) Amanah merupakan suatu organisasi perkumpulan ibu ibu yang berdomisili di dusun Binangun Desa Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Kelompok wanita tani Amanah mulai berdiri pada tahun 2016. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra pengabdian adalah masih terbatasnya alat produksi dan yang menjadi perhatian adalah pada proses pengemasan dan kendala saat bahan baku susah didapatkan maka tidak ada proses produksi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan mengadopsi dari konsep PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian  dengan pendekatan partisipatif (partisipative approach) dimana mitra pengabdian dalam hal ini KWT Amanah terlibat langsung baik dalam FGD (focus group discussion), brainstorming, wawancara dan konsultasi terkait kegiatan dan solusi yang akan dilakukan.  Dari hasil analisa dan evaluasi yang dilakukan didapatkan peningkatkan produktivitas pada proses produksi kripik pisang terutama pada proses pengemasan. KWT Amanah juga memiliki tambahan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam menggunakan peralatan baru yaitu mesin sealer dan mesin perajang singkong. Dengan adanya varian baru maka akan menambah pendapatan dan mengatasi solusi jika terjadi kelangkaan bahan baku pisang.Kata Kunci : proses produksi, produktivitas, pelatihan, teknologi

scholarly journals Strategy of Cash Waqf Development on Gerakan Wakaf Produktif at Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia Foundations in Digital Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Bustami Bustami ◽  
Muhammad Lutfi Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Management Institutions

Abstract: The Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia released data that stated that almost 95% of waqf assets had not been used optimally. One reason is that there are only a few waqf management institutions that manage waqf property professionally and productively. Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia Foundation is present as one of the institutions engaged in zakat, infāq, alms, and waqf, as well as collaborating for the economic empowerment of the people. Having only been established for two years, BMI was entrusted with managing cash waqf amounting to Rp. 2,993,050,577.64 and has been distributed in the amount of Rp. 535,414,900.00 in 2018. This paper uses the type of field research and data collection techniques through interviews, documentation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). There are three research results in this paper. First, the Gerakan Wakaf Produktif in BMI consists of five programs, namely cash waqf, waqf asset waqf, profession waqf, benefit waqf, and waqf transfer of rights. Second, the management of cash waqf by BMI starts from planning the waqf-based infrastructure, determining the number of funds needed, and campaigning for it. The cash waqf funds collected are then used to buy raw materials used to build waqf based infrastructure. Third, BMI uses information technology in three ways, starting with collecting and managing cash waqf and its accountability report. The information technology it uses is social media, websites, and contact persons via mobile phones. الملخص: أصدرت وزارة الدين الإندونيسية بيانات تفيد بأن ما يقرب من ۹۵ في المئة من أصول الوقف لم تستخدم بالشكل الأمثل. أحد الأسباب هو أنه لا يوجد سوى عدد قليل من مؤسسات إدارة الوقف التي تدير ممتلكات الوقف بطريقة مهنية ومنتجة. تتواجد مؤسسة بيت المال منزلا إندونيسيا باعتبارها واحدة من المؤسسات العاملة في مجال الزكاة والإنفاق والصدقات والأوقاف، بالإضافة إلى التعاون من أجل التمكين الاقتصادي للناس. بعد أن تم تأسيسها لمدة عامين فقط، تم تكليف بيت المال منزلا إندونيسيا بإدارة الوقف النقدي بمبلغ ٢.٩٩٣.٠٥٠.٥٧٧,٦٤ روبية وقد تم توزيعها بمبلغ ٥٣٥.٤١٤.٩٠٠,٠٠ روبية في ٢٠١٨. تستخدم هذه الورقة نوع البحث الميداني وتقنيات جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات والتوثيق و مناقشة جماعية فى موضوع محدد. هناك ثلاث نتائج بحث في هذه الورقة. أولاً، تتكون حركة الأوقاف الإنتاجية في بيت المال منزلا إندونيسيا من خمسة برامج، هي الوقف النقدي، والأوقاف الأصولية، والأوقاف المهنية، والأوقاف، وحقوق التحويل. ثانيًا، تبدأ إدارة الوقف النقدي من قبل بيت المال منزلا إندونيسيا من تخطيط البنية التحتية القائمة على الوقف، وتحديد مقدار الأموال اللازمة، والحملة من أجله. ثم يتم استخدام أموال الوقف النقدية التي تم جمعها لشراء المواد الخام المستخدمة لبناء البنية التحتية القائمة على الوقف. ثالثًا، يستخدم مؤشر كتلة الجسم تقنية المعلومات بثلاث طرق، بدءًا بجمع وإدارة الوقف النقدي وتقرير المساءلة الخاص به. تكنولوجيا المعلومات التي تستخدمها هي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والمواقع الإلكترونية وأشخاص الاتصال عبر الهواتف المحمولة. Abstrak: Kementerian Agama RI merilis data yang menyatakan bahwa hampir 95% aset wakaf belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah masih sedikit lembaga pengelola wakaf yang mengelola harta benda wakaf secara profesional dan produktif. Yayasan Baitulmaal Munzalan Indonesia hadir sebagai salah satu lembaga yang bergerak di zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, serta mengkolaborasikannya untuk pemberdayaan ekonomi umat. Baru berdiri selama dua tahun, BMI dipercaya untuk mengelolah wakaf tunai sebesar Rp. 2.993.050.577,64 dan telah didistribusikan sebesar Rp. 535.414.900,00 pada 2018. Tulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dokumentasi dan FGD. Ada tiga hasil penelitian dalam tulisan ini. Pertama, Gerakan Wakaf Produktif di BMI terdiri dari lima program, yaitu wakaf tunai, wakaf aset, wakaf profesi, wakaf manfaat, dan wakaf pengalihan hak. Kedua, pengelolaan wakaf tunai oleh BMI dimulai dari merencanakan infrastruktur berbasis wakaf, menetapkan jumlah dana yang dibutuhkan, dan mengkampanyekannya. Dana wakaf tunai yang terkumpul, kemudian digunakan untuk membeli bahan-bahan baku yang digunakan untuk membangun infrastruktur berbasis wakaf. Ketiga, BMI menggunakan teknologi informasi dalam tiga hal, mulai dari penghimpunan dan pengelolaan wakaf tunai serta laporan pertanggungjawabannya. Teknologi informasi yang digunakannya adalah media sosial, website dan contak person melalui handphone.

scholarly journals CULTURAL MEANINGS EMBEDDED IN THE FAÇADE OF ITALIAN MIGRANTS’ HOUSES IN BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Faggion ◽  
Raffaello Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Andrea Palladio ◽  
15Th Century

In the Post-WWII period, while industrial production in Italy had diminished and millions of people were unemployed, Australia was facing the opposite problem of shortage of labour, due to a rapid agricultural and industrial development. By virtue of the immigration policy adopted by the Australian government in the 1950s, assistance with the cost of migration to Australia was provided to those Italians willing to migrate to Australia. Italian migrants, as well as diverse migrant groups, brought with them cultural practices and a way of life, which are nowadays part of the multicultural Australian built environment and society. This research study focuses on the domestic dwellings built in the late 1980s and early 1990s in Brisbane by the Italian migrants. Namely, it is argued that the façade of migrants’ houses is embedded by cultural meanings. The study is of qualitative nature and as primary sources of data uses (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) photo-elicitation interviews and (3) focus group discussion, which were conducted both in Australia with twenty first-generation Italian migrants, and in Italy with ten informants, indigenous to the Veneto region, where they built their homes. Visual data about the houses was collected with (4) photographs and drawings. The findings reveal that Italian houses are concurrently a physical structure and a set of meanings based on culture: these two components are tied together rather than being separate and distinct. Namely, the Veneto migrants chose two models for the construction of their houses in Brisbane: (1) the rural houses built in the 1970s and 1980s by their ancestors (2) and the villas designed by Andrea Palladio in the 15th century in the Veneto region for noble families.

scholarly journals MALAY CULTURAL PRACTICE AND CHILDBIRTH WITH TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN WOMEN OF PRODUCTIVE AGE IN WEST BORNEO INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Lestari ◽  
Ramadhaniyati Ramadhaniyati
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Traditional Birth Attendants ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Tribal Women ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Development Goals

Background: The decline in Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in developing countries still does not meet the target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The rise of childbirth with the help of traditional birth attendants and cultural practices still becomes the choice of women of productive age to give birth today. Objective: This study aimed to explore the Malay culture practice and childbirth with traditional birth attendants in women of productive age in West Borneo, Indonesia.Methods: This was a phenomenological study conducted on in 2018 in one district in West Borneo. Focus Group Discussion (FDG) was done with eight Malay tribal women who had given birth with the help of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). Thematic analysis was used. Results: Cultural practices during pregnancy, childbirth and the care of newborns, the services of TBAs, and the economy factor were strong reasons for mothers to choose to give birth assisted by TBAs although they were aware of the risks. This study identified five main themes, namely: 1) Reason for choosing TBAs, 2) TBAs’ service, 3) Cultural trust in pregnancy, 4) Cultural trust in labor, and 5) Cultural trust in caring for newborns.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that culture and childbirth cannot be separated. Health practitioners should have different approach by involving culture and TBAs in childbirth among women of productive age in West Borneo Indonesia. 

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