scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
S Subba ◽  
S Singh ◽  
AR Khagi ◽  
R Tuladhar ◽  
B Lekhak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: The emergence and spread of DR and MDR-TB threat global TB control. The susceptibility patterns of M. tuberculosis isolates against anti-tuberculosis drugs informs an important aspect of TB controls and surveillance and analysis of local rates of TB drug resistance helps in the detection and monitoring of the extent of DR and MDR strains, indicating the quality of TB control in the country. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to find out antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at national tuberculosis center. All the samples were stained by auramine fluorochrome method; processed by NaOH Ogawa Method; primary cultured; subcultured in 2% Ogawa media; cultured in drug LJ media and finally results observed and interpreted. Here Drug susceptibility test was done on M. tuberculosis isolate from each patient by Proportion method as standard protocol. Results: Ethambutol (66.10%) was found to be the most effective anti-TB drug according to the susceptibility test followed by RMP (60.33%), SM (59.66%) and INH (41.69%) against M. tuberculosis. Among 45 isolated untreated patients, primary drug resistance was observed in 20%, to two drugs in 17.77%, to three drugs in 11.11%, to four drugs in 6.66% and primary Multi-drug resistant in 22.22%. Among 250 isolated from previous treated patients, acquired resistance to one drug was found in 23.60%, to two drugs in 12.40%, to three drugs in 16.40%, to four drugs in 18.80% an acquired Multi-drug resistant in 37.20%. Among 250 treated 68.40% (n=171) were relapse,18% ( n=45) were chronic, 7.6% (n=19) were follow-up, 3.2% (n=8) were defaulter, and 2.8% (n=7) were treatment failure. MDR-TB was found the highest in chronic cases (64.44%) followed by follow-up case (47.36%), treatment failure cases (42.85%), relapse cases (27.48%) and default cases (12.5%). A statistical analysis reveals significant relationship between prior history of treatment and the development of drug resistance. However, no significant relationship between age and sex with the emergence of drug resistance isolates. Conclusion: MDR-TB was found the highest in chronic cases (64.44%) followed by follow-up case (47.36%), treatment failure cases (42.85%), relapse cases (27.48%) and Default cases (12.5%). Key words: multi drug, relapse, resistant, sensitivity, tuberculosis   DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2277 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 33-41

scholarly journals Analysis of drug resistance and mutation profiles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a surveillance site in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098493
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yixuan Ren ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Junli Yi ◽  
Tong Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Site ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Beijing China

Objective This study analyzed drug resistance and mutations profiles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a surveillance site in Huairou District, Beijing, China. Methods The proportion method was used to assess drug resistance profiles for four first-line and seven second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Molecular line probe assays were used for the rapid detection of resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Results Among 235 strains of M. tuberculosis, 79 (33.6%) isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. The isolates included 18 monoresistant (7.7%), 19 polyresistant (8.1%), 28 RIF-resistant (11.9%), 24 multidrug-resistant (MDR) (10.2%), 7 pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR, 3.0%), and 2 XDR strains (0.9%). A higher rate of MDR-TB was detected among previously treated patients than among patients with newly diagnosed TB (34.5% vs. 6.8%). The majority (62.5%) of RIF-resistant isolates exhibited a mutation at S531L in the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Meanwhile, 62.9% of INH-resistant isolates carried a mutation at S315T1 in the katG gene. Conclusion Our results confirmed the high rate of drug-resistant TB, especially MDR-TB, in Huairou District, Beijing, China. Therefore, detailed drug testing is crucial in the evaluation of MDR-TB treatment.

scholarly journals CBNAAT Based Identification and Demographic Pattern of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in South Kashmir, India- a One Year Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rubeena Hakkak ◽  
Saqib Rishi ◽  
Javid Ahmed Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The World ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

India is the highest TB burden country in the world having an estimated incidence of 26.9 lakh cases in 2019. With a population of 1.32 billion, India has the highest burden of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) in the world. North zone of India is the second highest MDR-TB prevalent zone after the West zone of India. MDR TB treatment involves prolonged treatment with injectable second-line drugs, associated with more adverse effects, suboptimal treatment outcomes and higher risks of mortality compared to patients with drug-sensitive TB and those with lesser resistant forms of TB. Materials methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag, data was analyzed from March 2017 to February 2018. Non-sterile specimens were processed by Modified Petroff Method. Sterile specimens were concentrated by centrifugation and smear and cultures was inoculated from the sediment. CBNAAT assay was performed by Gene Xpert (Cepheid) 4 system according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Results: Of the total 1497 clinically suspected tuberculosis specimens collected, 1370 (91.5%) were pulmonary and 127 (8.5%) were presumptive extra pulmonary tuberculosis received from different anatomical sites. Maximum clustering of cases was seen in 10-20 years age group. Out of the total 1497 samples 200 were CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis positive samples. In which 155 were pulmonary and 45 were extra pulmonary. The average percentage positivity rate (i.e. percentage of MTB positive samples out of total samples tested) was 13.3% (200/1497).  Rifampicin resistance (RR-TB) was seen in 5.5% (11/200) samples. Out of the samples detected positive (200): 155 were pulmonary samples and out of these 155 pulmonary samples 8 were found to be RR MTB 5.1% (8/155).  Also out of the 200 positive samples 45 were extra pulmonary and out of these 45 extra pulmonary samples 3 were found to be RR MTB 6.6% (3/45). Conclusion: In this study we found that in our region 5.5%  cases of TB were RR-TB, 3.2% were new cases and 13% RR-TB was seen in  previously treated cases of MTB. The screening of drug resistance has to be expanded to offer universal DST including expanded DST .The second and most important activity is to strengthen drug resistance surveillance under the various national programs with inclusion of laboratories in the private sector as well. The state level regional studies also give us the opportunity to plan and execute intervention prioritization, based on the drug resistance trends observed.

scholarly journals Resistance at No Cost: The Transmissibility and Potential for Disease Progression of Drug-ResistantM. Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes C. Becerra ◽  
Chuan-Chin Huang ◽  
Leonid Lecca ◽  
Jaime Bayona ◽  
Carmen Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Genetic Fingerprint ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe future trajectory of drug resistant tuberculosis strongly depends on the fitness costs of drug resistance mutations. Here, we measured the association of phenotypic drug resistance and the risk of TB infection and disease among household contacts (HHCs) of patients with pulmonary TB.MethodsWe evaluated 12767 HHCs of patients with drug sensitive and resistant pulmonary TB at baseline, two, six, and 12 months to ascertain infection status and to determine whether they developed tuberculosis disease. We also assessed the impact of drug resistance phenotype on the likelihood that a TB strain shared a genetic fingerprint with at least one other TB patient in the cohort.FindingsAmong 3339 TB patients for whom were DST available, 1274 (38%) had TB that was resistant to at least one drug and 478 (14⋅3%) had multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB, i.e. TB resistant to both INH and rifampicin. Compared to HHCs of drug sensitive TB patients, those exposed to a patient with MDR-TB had an 8% (95% CI: 4-13%) higher risk of infection by the end of follow up. We found no statistically significant difference in the relative hazard of incident TB disease among HHCs exposed to MDR-TB compared to DS-TB (Adjusted HR 1⋅28 [(95% CI: ⋅9-1⋅83]). Patients with MDR-TB were more likely to be part of a genetic cluster than were DS-TB patients.InterpretationClinical strains of MDR M. tuberculosis are neither less transmissible than drug sensitive strains nor less likely to cause disease. (ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT00676754)FundingNational Institutes of Health: NIH/NIAID CETR U19AI109755StatementAll authors have seen the manuscript and approved the manuscript.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Specimens from the New and Previously Treated Tuberculosis Cases at the National Reference Chest Diseases Laboratory in Lusaka, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
DK Mumena ◽  
G Kwenda ◽  
CW Ngugi ◽  
AK Nyerere
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Previously Treated

Background: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major public health issues globally. Zambia is highly burdened by TB and multi-drug resistant TB. In this study, sputum samples obtained from the new and previously treated cases of TB were examined for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods: Sputum specimens were processed using the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide method, stained and examined using fluorescent technique and microscopy respectively. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted using the Genolyse kit, then subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization. Drug-resistance and mutations in MTB genes were detected using the Genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 and MTBDRsl VER 2.0 assays. Results: A total of 329 MTB-positive sputum specimens, 102 from the new TB cases and 227 from previously treated TB cases, were analysed for drug-resistance. Among the new TB cases, 3.9% had Rifampicin (RIF) mono-resistance, 12.8% Isoniazid (INH) mono-resistance, and 17.7% had Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). For the previously treated TB cases, 10.1% had RIF mono-resistance, 6.6% INH mono-resistance, 33.0% MDR, 1.8% poly-drug resistance, and 0.8% had pre-Extensively Drug-Resistance (pre-XDR). Mutations identified were rpoB (Ser531Leu, His526Asp, Asp516Val, His526Tyr, and Glu510His), katG (Ser315Thr 1 and Ser315Thr 2), InhA (Cys15Thr), gyrA (Ala90Val and Asp94Gly), and eis (Cys14Thr), each with a varying frequency. Conclusion: DR-TB is prevalent, especially MDR-TB, which is currently the most worrisome form of DR-TB and an emerging threat hampering efforts in the control of TB in Zambia. The early detection and effective treatment of TB cases are key in the control of DR-TB.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243493
Author(s):  
Getu Diriba ◽  
Abebaw Kebede ◽  
Habteyes Hailu Tola ◽  
Bazezew Yenew ◽  
Shewki Moga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is important to understand the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). However, there is limited information on molecular characteristics and drug-resistant patterns of MTB in patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics and drug resistance patterns of MTB in patients with EPTB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods This study was conducted on frozen stored isolates of EPTB survey conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A drug susceptibility test was performed using BACTEC-MGIT 960. Species and strain identification were performed using the Geno-Type MTBC and spoligotyping technique, respectively. Data were entered into the MIRU-VNTRplus database to assess the spoligotype patterns of MTB. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, and participants’ characteristics were presented by numbers and proportions. Results Of 151 MTB isolates, 29 (19.2%) were resistant to at least one drug. The highest proportion of isolates was resistant to Isoniazid (14.6%) and Pyrazinamide (14.6%). Nine percent of isolates had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and 21.4% of them had pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB). Among the 151 MTB isolates characterized by spoligotyping, 142 (94.6%) had known patterns, while 9 (6.0%) isolates were not matched with the MIRU-VNTRplus spoligotype database. Of the isolates which had known patterns, 2% was M.bovis while 98% M. tuberculosis. Forty-one different spoligotype patterns were identified. The most frequently identified SpolDB4 (SIT) wereSIT149 (21.2%), SIT53 (14.6%) and SIT26 (9.6%). The predominant genotypes identified were T (53.6%), Central Asia Strain (19.2%) and Haarlem (9.9%). Conclusion The present study showed a high proportion of MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB among EPTB patients. The strains were mostly grouped into SIT149, SIT53, and SIT26. The T family lineage was the most prevalent genotype. MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB prevention is required to combat these strains in EPTB. A large scale study is required to describe the molecular characteristics and drug resistance patterns of MTB isolates in EPTB patients.

scholarly journals A Systematic Follow-Up ofMycobacterium tuberculosisDrug-Resistance and Associated Genotypic Lineages in the French Departments of the Americas over a Seventeen-Year Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Millet ◽  
Elisabeth Streit ◽  
Mylène Berchel ◽  
Anne-Gaël Bomer ◽  
Franziska Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
East African ◽  
Mdr Tb

The population of the French Departments of the Americas (FDA) is highly influenced by the intense migratory flows with mainland France and surrounding countries of the Caribbean and Latin America, some of which have high incidence rates of tuberculosis (Haiti: 230/100,000; Guyana: 111/100,000; and Suriname: 145/100,000) and drug resistance. Since the development of drug resistance to conventional antituberculous drugs has a major impact on the treatment success of tuberculosis, we therefore decided to review carefullyMycobacterium tuberculosisdrug resistance and associated genotypic lineages in the FDA over a seventeen-year period (January 1995–December 2011). A total of 1239 cases were studied, including 153 drug-resistant and 26 multidrug-resistant- (MDR-) TB cases, representing 12.3% and 2.1% of the TB cases in our study setting. A significantly higher proportion ofM. tuberculosisisolates among relapse cases showed drug resistance to isoniazid (22.5%,P=0.002), rifampicin (20.0%,P<0.001), or both (MDR-TB, 17.5%;P<0.001). Determination of spoligotyping based phylogenetic clades showed that among the five major lineages observed—T family (30.1%); Latin-American and Mediterranean (LAM, 23.7%); Haarlem (H, 22.2%); East-African Indian (EAI, 7.2%); and X family (6.5%)—two lineages, X and LAM, were overrepresented in drug-resistant and MDR-TB cases, respectively. Finally, 19 predominant spoligotypes were identified for the 1239 isolates ofM. tuberculosisin our study among which 4 were significantly associated with drug resistance corresponding to SIT20/LAM1, SIT64/LAM6, SIT45/H1, and SIT46/undefined lineage.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – A High Tuberculosis Endemic Area of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAJID ALI ◽  
MUHAMMAD TAHIR KHAN ◽  
ANWAR SHEED KHAN ◽  
NOOR MOHAMMAD ◽  
MUHAMMAD MUMTAZ KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Mdr Tb

Anti-tuberculosis therapy involves the combination of drugs to hamper the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global concern. Pakistan has been ranked 5th position in terms of a high burden of MDR-TB in the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of drug resistance in MTB in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Random samples were collected from 25 districts using the simple random sampling formula. All samples were processed in a biosafety level 3 laboratory for culture and drug susceptibility testing. Among 5759 presumptive tuberculosis (TB) cases, 1969 (34%) were positive. The proportion of TB was higher in females (39%) than males (29%), thus it represents a significant association between gender and tuberculosis (p < 0.05). People ages between 25 to 34 years were more likely to be infected with MTB (40%). Drug-resistant profile showed 97 (4.9%) patients were infected with MDR-TB. Streptomycin resistance was the highest and was observed in 173 (9%) isolates followed by isoniazid in 119 (6%) isolates. The lowest resistance was observed to pyrazinamide (3%). The prevalence of MDR-TB (10.4%) among patients that previously received anti-tuberculosis treatment is seemingly high. A large-scale drug resistance survey is required to evaluate the drug resistance for better management of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Second Line Drug Resistance among Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Botswana

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuelo Mogashoa ◽  
Pinkie Melamu ◽  
Brigitta Derendinger ◽  
Serej D. Ley ◽  
Elizabeth M. Streicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Line Drug

The emergence and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains is a threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control. The early detection of drug resistance is critical for patient management. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of isolates with additional second-line resistance among rifampicin and isoniazid resistant and MDR-TB isolates. A total of 66 M.tb isolates received at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory between March 2012 and October 2013 with resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin or both were analyzed in this study. The genotypes of the M.tb isolates were determined by spoligotyping and second-line drug susceptibility testing was done using the Hain Genotype MTBDRsl line probe assay version 2.0. The treatment outcomes were defined according to the Botswana national and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Of the 57 isolates analyzed, 33 (58%) were MDR-TB, 4 (7%) were additionally resistant to flouroquinolones and 3 (5%) were resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs. The most common fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutation detected was gyrA A90V. All XDR-TB cases remained smear or culture positive throughout the treatment. Our study findings indicate the importance of monitoring drug resistant TB cases to ensure rapid detection of second-line drug resistance.

scholarly journals First insights into the genetic characteristics and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis population collected during the first national tuberculosis prevalence survey of Lao PDR (2010–2011)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silaphet Somphavong ◽  
Jean-Luc Berland ◽  
Marie Gauthier ◽  
Thi Thuong Vu ◽  
Quang Huy Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Beijing Family ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), tuberculosis (TB) prevalence was estimated at 540/100,000 in 2011. Nevertheless, little is known about the genetic characteristics and anti-TB drug resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis population. The main objective of this work was to study the genetic characteristics and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis population collected during the first National TB Prevalence Survey (TBPS) of Lao PDR (2010–2011). Methods Two hundred and twenty two isolates collected during TBPS (2010–2011) were analyzed with the GenoType MTBDRplus test for M. tuberculosis identification and drug resistance detection. Then, 206 of the 222 isolates were characterized by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing. Results Among the 222 M. tuberculosis isolates, 11 were mono-resistant to isoniazid and 2 were resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin (MDR-TB), using the GenoType MTBDRplus test. Among the 202 genetically characterized isolates, the East African-Indian (EAI) family was predominant (76.7%) followed by the Beijing (14.4%) and T (5.5%) families. EAI isolates came from all the country provinces, whereas Beijing isolates were found mainly in the northern and central provinces. A higher proportion of Beijing isolates was observed in people younger than 35 years compared to EAI. Moreover, the percentage of drug resistance was higher among Beijing (17.2%) than EAI (5.2%) isolates, and the two MDR-TB isolates belonged to the Beijing family. Combined analysis of the MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping results (n = 202 isolates) revealed an estimated clustering rate of 11% and the occurrence of mini-outbreaks of drug-resistant TB caused by Beijing genotypes. Conclusions The EAI family, the ancient and endemic family in Asia, is predominant in Lao PDR whereas the prevalence of Beijing, the most harmful M. tuberculosis family for humans, is still low, differently from neighboring countries. However, its association with drug resistance, its presence in young patients and its potential association with recent transmission suggest that the Beijing family could change TB epidemiological pattern in Lao PDR. Therefore, efficient TB control and surveillance systems must be maintained and reinforced to prevent the emergence of highly transmissible and drug-resistant strains in Lao PDR, as observed in neighboring countries.

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