scholarly journals Hypothetical model of disease course of COVID-19 patients and their exit plan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Abhishek Tiwary ◽  
Bimal Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

In view of preparing ourselves for the possible rise of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) cases, we have proposed a hypothetical model of disease course in COVID-19 patients admitted in Patan Hospital and the exit plan based on available evidences. This will give us a scientific basis of planning discharge of our future cases. According to it, patients are subjected to repeat Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on day 20 of illness onset and then every 4 days till negative result. Patients with two negative PCR test repeated 24 hours apart are discharged and advised for 14 days’ home quarantine.

scholarly journals Chest X-Ray in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: Findings and Correlation with Clinical Outcome at Level-3 Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Shyam Kumar BK ◽  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Nabin Poudel ◽  
Sandesh Pandit ◽  
Alok Kumar Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: At the end of 2019 a novel virus, named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), expanded globally from China. A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of this outbreak of viral pneumonia that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the chest radiological features of corona virus disease patients and correlate them with clinical outcome. Methods: This is a Hospital based study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological aspect of all reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) corona virus disease (COVID-19) positive patients, who performed Chest X-Rays at the emergency department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Teaching Hospital from March to June, 2020. All patients performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal and throat swab, Chest X-Ray at the Emergency Department and clinical-epidemiological data. Results: Patients with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive results for corona virus disease infection were 32 out of these, 22 were females (68.75%) and 10 males (31.25%), with a mean age of 40.78 years (range 20–74 years). Only 2 Chest X-Rays were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (6.25%).  The following alterations were more commonly observed among 30 patients: 18 patients with lung consolidations (56.25%), 19 (59.37%) with Ground Glass Opacities, 7 (21.87%) with nodules and 21 (65.6%) with reticular–nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and Ground Glass Opacities coexisting in the same radiography were 34.37% of total. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive patients, we found also signs nonspecific for corona virus disease pneumonia as hilar or vascular congestion (37.5%), cardiomegaly (28.12%), pleural effusion (15.6%) and pneumothorax (3.12%). Peripheral (56.25%) and lower zone distribution (56.25%) were the most common predominance. Bilateral involvement (68.75%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Given the results, baseline Chest X-Rays sensitivity in our experience is about 65.62%. Conclusion: In this study, COVID-19 CXRs generally manifested a spectrum of pure ground glass, mixed ground glass opacities to consolidation in bilateral peripheral middle and lower lung zones. BSTI CXR reporting classification of COVID-19 is valid and sensitive in our patients with addition of middle zonal involvement in classical COVID-19 criteria as opposed to just lower zone involvement.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Lateral Flow Antigen Test Kits for COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Population of Quarantine Centre of Province 3

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
B. Shrestha ◽  
A.K. Neupane ◽  
S. Pant ◽  
A. Shrestha ◽  
A. Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Nearly after 6 months of the spread of Corona Virus Disease 19, along with the world Nepal is still trying to control the spread and prevent general population from acquiring it. With limited resources in manpower, technology and evidence it has been a difficult battle. But with time and more understanding of the virus new technology to detect the virus are coming up. It is a major breakthrough in the diagnostic field as this helps us in not only detecting the virus but also helps us to mobilize our human resources. This comes in a time where the cases are increasing at an alarming rate. Although numbers of Polymerase Chain Reaction testing have increased but due to the time consuming and the cost wise, we need a faster and equally reliable alternative. Antigen test approved by different countries can be used for point of care, screening and surveillance depending upon the requirements after calculating its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Objective To find out sensitivity and specificity of the Antigen test kit for COVID-19. Method Antigen tests were compared with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction as a reference standard in calculated sample size of 113 subjects in a high risk population. Both Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and antigen test were performed in a same subject with in maximum of 2 days’ interval. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council before data collection. Study was done from August to September 2020 from Quarantine center of Province 3. Result There were total of 113 test carried out, among those 47 were positive and 66 were negative in Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. After preparing two by two table, Sensitivity and specificity of the tested was calculated which came out to be 85% and 100% respectively, with accuracy of 93.80%. Conclusion Even though the sensitivity and specificity came to be higher, this test should be interpreted cautiously depending upon the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 19 in that particular community and the clinical and epidemiological context of the person who has been tested. When in doubt by clinical correlation should be confirmed with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DOKTER MUDA FK UNJANI TERKONFIRMASI POSITIF COVID-19 BERDASARKAN HASIL SWAB RT-PCR

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-432
Author(s):  
Asti Kristianti ◽  
Susanti Ratunanda ◽  
Iis Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit pernafasan yang saat ini menjadi pandemi di dunia. Jawa Barat adalah salah satu provinsi dengan kasus COVID-19 terbanyak di Indonesia. Gejala yang timbul adalah demam, batuk, sesak, malaise, myalgia, sakit tenggorokan, anosmia, dan disgeusia. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) swab adalah pemeriksaan baku emas untuk COVID-19. Pekerja kesehatan termasuk dokter muda adalah kelompok yang memiliki risiko sangat tinggi terinfeksi COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dokter muda Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (FK Unjani) yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 berdasarkan hasil swab RT-PCR (Agustus 2020–Januari 2021). Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Dari pemeriksaan swab RT-PCR terhadap 303 dokter muda FK Unjani didapatkan 35 orang terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19, rentang usia 23-24 tahun, dan 85,71% perempuan. Karakteristik berdasarkan gejala klinis 62,86% tidak bergejala, 25,71% demam, 17,14% gangguan penghidu, 11,43% gangguan pengecap, 5,71% batuk dan nyeri badan, 2,86% sesak, sakit kepala, hidung beringus, dan diare. Sebanyak 42,86% sedang persiapan pembelajaran luar jaringan (luring), 22,86% stase di Laboratorium Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (IKM), 17,14% Radiologi, 11,43% Neurologi, dan 2,86% di Laboratorium Mata dan Anak. Sebanyak 74,29% tidak ada riwayat kontak dan sebanyak 25,71% ada riwayat kontak. Tata laksana yang dilakukan, yaitu 31 orang (62,86%) isolasi mandiri, tiga orang (8,57%) dirawat di rumah sakit, dan satu orang (2,86%) dirawat di fasilitas isolasi milik pemerintah. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah karakteristik dokter muda FK Unjani yang terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19, yaitu sebagian besar perempuan, tanpa gejala, sedang persiapan luring, tidak ada riwayat kontak, dan ditatalaksana dengan isolasi mandiri.

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis of bovine detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test in AL-Diwanyia province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gh. K. A. Al-kuzaay ◽  
Q. H. Kshash
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

This study was conducted for exam 348 milk samples from (clinically mastitic and other healthy cows) in many areas in AL-Diwanyia province by using CMT and bacteriological testing , which appeared that (64.9%) as percentage of mastitis ( clinically 15.9% , subclinically 84.0% ) Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis 13.2% ( 26.6% clinically , 73.3 % subclinicaly) diagnose by PCR assay by using specific primer (16SrRNA). Streptococcus agalactiae (30 isolates) after classical methods applied for streptococcus agalactiae identification (86 isolates).

scholarly journals Evaluating the bacterial culture technique by Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Brucella abortus in milk of cows suspected with brucellosis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Bashar Sadeq Noomy
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

      The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of bacterial culture technique in the detection of Brucella abortus in milk samples of aborted cows. Sixty samples of milk were collected from aborted cows during a period which did not exceed two months after the abortion. All of them were positive for rose bengal test. Results showed that Brucella abortus was isolated from 7 out of 60 (11.6%) from the milk of aborted cows, while PCR test showed that 32 out of 60 (53.3%) milk sample contained Brucella abortus. The specificity of culture techniques was 10%, but its sensitivity was only 21.8%. Beside the cautions in dealing with live Brucella abortus (as culture), it is also less sensitive than PCR, though it is better to use PCR technique in the diagnosis of brucellosis in aborted cows milk.

scholarly journals Prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome of Corona Virus-2 positive with polymerase chain reaction: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Linda Rosita ◽  
Rahma Yuantari ◽  
Budi Mulyono ◽  
Umi Solekhah Intansari ◽  
Ingesti Bilkis Zulfatina
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals What Is the Predictive Value of a Single Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR Swab Test in a Patient With COVID-Like Symptoms and/or Significant COVID-19 Exposure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessen George ◽  
James McGee ◽  
Eileen Giangrasso ◽  
Sheila Finkelstein ◽  
Susan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Utilizing results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and subsequent antibody titers, we report on the test characteristics of a PCR screening test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among hospital workers. The PCR test was found to be 87% sensitive and 97% specific, with a positive predictive value of 0.98 and a negative predictive value of 0.80.

scholarly journals Performance of a Commercial Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for EndocervicalChlamydia trachomatisInfection in a University Hospital Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
C. H. Livengood III ◽  
K. A. Boggess ◽  
J. W. Wrenn ◽  
A. P. Murtha
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Objectives:To examine the accuracy of a commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (Amplicor CTR, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg NJ) for identification of endocervical chlamydial infections through both laboratory evaluation and among a diverse teaching hospital patient population.Methods:Testing of reliable threshold inocula and reproducibility were carried out using laboratory stock organisms. Paired endocervical samples from patients with a wide range of indications were tested by PCR and an established culture procedure, and discrepant pairs were further analyzed to determine true results.Results:Laboratory evaluation suggested that one copy of target DNA from a viable organism consistently yielded a positive result, and test reproducibility was very good, with an overall coefficient of variation of 15%. Compared to true results in 1,588 paired clinical samples from 1,489 women with a 10% prevalence of infection, the PCR test and culture yielded respective sensitivities of 87.4% and 78.0%, and negative predictive values of 98.6% and 97.6%. Specificity and positive predictive value for both tests were 100%. Cost per specimen was nearly identical at $18.84 and $18.88 respectively. Polymerase inhibitors and organisms lacking target DNA were not found in false-negative PCR samples.Conclusion:This commercial PCR test is accurate, cost-competitive, and much faster than culture for diagnosis of endocervical chlamydia infections in our population of intermediate prevalence of chlamydial infection.

scholarly journals Viral RNA Shedding and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic and Pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghadip Samaddar ◽  
Ravisekhar Gadepalli ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract We studied the pattern and duration of viral RNA shedding in 32 asymptomatic and 11 pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Viral RNA shedding in exhaled breath progressively diminished and became negative after six days of a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Therefore, the duration of isolation can be minimised to six days.

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