scholarly journals Anemia in chronic kidney disease patients in predialysis and postdialysis stages

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhatta ◽  
G Aryal ◽  
RK Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Red Cell Indices

Background: Chronic kidney disease is usually associated with anemia and the level of anemia correlates with the severity of renal failure. This study was carried out to evaluate the profile of anemia and to find the correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in predialysis and postdialysis Chronic kidney disease patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 chronic kidney disease patients in the department of pathology and nephrology, KIST Medical College. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices, peripheral blood smears and serum creatinine levels were examined using standard techniques. Results: There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in predialysis and postdialysis patients (P <0.005). All 40 patients (100%) were anemic. Although moderate anemia was most common in both groups of patients, severe anemia was more common in postdialysis patients (5% in predialysis and 15% in postdialysis patients). The peripheral blood smear examinations showed that normocytic normochromic anemia was most frequent (90% in predialysis and 77.5 % in postdialysis patients). There was no significant correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels (P > 0.05), r=-0.14 and -0.17 in predialysis and postdialysis group respectively.  Conclusion: The most frequent anemia in chronic kidney disease patients was normocytic and normochromic type of a moderate degree. Significant correlation was not found between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in both pre and postdialysis group of patients. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Anemia; Creatinine; Hemoglobin; Hematocrit; Hemodialysis DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4446 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 26-29

scholarly journals Silent brain infarcts in chronic kidney disease patients with nonspecific neurological symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
P Sasanka ◽  
◽  
Dr. T. Jaya Chandra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Brain Infarcts ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Silent brain infarcts (SBI) are parenchymal lesions of previous infarcts, classified astype III cerebrovascular disorder. A study was undertaken to find the relation between SBIs andnonspecific neurological complaints, an association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)with silent brain infarcts. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the departmentof Nephrology, GSL Medical College, from January to December 2020. Individuals aged > 18 yearswith nonspecific neurological complaints were included. MRI brain, hsCRP and electrocardiogramwere also carried as per the standard protocol. Fischer exact test was used to find the statisticalsignificance; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 51 members haveincluded the male-female ratio was 1.04. SBI was presented in 27.4% (14). Age-wise, among thecortical SBI patients, maximum (75%) were in the> 61 years group. High density lipoprotein levelswere > 40 mg/dL in 39.2%, normal triglycerides (TGL) were observed in 71% and raised hsCRP in62.7% (32). Statistically, there was no significant difference in TGL levels. hsCRP levels were raisedin 3 (75%) members with cortical SBI; statistically, there was no significant difference. Conclusion:The traditional risk factors associated with stroke were present in the patients with SBI. hsCRP wasraised in chronic kidney disease patients having NSCL and having SBI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Stojceva-Taneva ◽  
Natasa Eftimovska Otovic ◽  
Borjanka Taneva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) became a new epidemic of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure as a result of the diabetes epidemic worldwide.AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of CKD in the Republic of Macedonia and its association with diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a part of a study conducted in 2006 in terms of screening for early detection of kidney disease. It was a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of patients aged > 20, consecutively consulting their primary physician for any cause. Fifty physicians throughout the country were included in the study. A total of 2637 patients have been analyzed based on integrity data. GFR was estimated using corrected values of serum creatinine and calculating kidney function by the Cockroft & Gault formula, adjusted for body surface using the Gehan & George formula. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min were considered as having CKD. Blood pressure, body weight, height, serum creatinine, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urinalysis and medical history for presence of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes were also assessed.RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 45.97 ± 16.55 SD and 17.97% were older than 60. Regarding gender, 44.14% were males. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 13.9%. Subjects with CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min) were 7.53% of the total. Subjects aged 60 or above, had 20 times higher risk of having CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Out of the total group of subjects, 13.9% had diabetes mellitus and they had 3.13 times higher risk of having CKD stage 3-5 (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) when compared to non-diabetics. The results showed that diabetes was significantly more associated with lower eGFR (less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in younger subjects (age less than 60) compared to older ones (odds ratio 3.29 versus 1.21).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that chronic kidney disease is frequent in the Republic of Macedonia and is associated with older age and diabetes. Diabetes had a significantly stronger association with CKD at younger age.

scholarly journals A retrospective cross-sectional study of the associated factors of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052091922
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Guo ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Yu Pan ◽  
Yan-Lin Wang ◽  
Ze-Jin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with several clinical factors in a retrospective cross-sectional study of non-dialysis CKD patients at two hospitals in Shanghai, China. Methods The prevalence of hyperuricemia in CKD patients and the association of SUA with other clinical factors were examined using analysis of variance, chi-squared test, multivariate analysis, and other statistical methods. Results A total of 663 CKD patients were enrolled, of which approximately 52% had hyperuricemia. CKD patients with hyperuricemia had lower hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels but higher blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate levels than those without hyperuricemia. Serum uric acid level was positively associated with age, blood urea nitrogen , serum creatinine, cystatin C, and serum phosphate and negatively associated with hemoglobin and eGFR. In addition, CKD patients with anemia and hyperphosphatemia had a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia than those without anemia or hyperphosphatemia. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia increased with CKD progression supporting the use of urate-lowering treatment for patients with CKD stage 1 to 4.

THE STUDY ON SERUM WITH eGFR IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Brahmarshi Das ◽  
Narendranath Hait ◽  
Titol Biswas ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage 1

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is dened as a disease characterized by alterations in either kidney structure or function or both for a minimum of 3 months duration. According to the National Kidney Foundation criteria, 1 CKD has been classied into ve stages with stage 1 being the earliest or mildest CKD state and stage 5 being the most severe CKD stage. To stage CKD, it is necessary to estimate the GFR rather than relying on serum creatinine concentration. Glomerular ltration rate (GFR), either directly measured by computing urinary clearance of ltration marker such as inulin or estimated by calculating from different equations using serum creatinine. is the most commonly used parameter to assess kidney function. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: a) Establish relationship between serum CKD and eGFR MATERIAL AND METHOD: A Cross-sectional study on 100 cases of newly diagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease patients and matched control subjects is undertaken to study.100 Patients who are newly diagnosed as CKD are selected after proper initial screening. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In case, the mean eGFR (mean± s.d.) of patients was 25.1500 ± 11.8929. In control, the mean eGFR (mean± s.d.) of patients was 87.2200 ± 17.8295. Difference of mean eGFR in two groups was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). In case, the mean creatinine (mean± s.d.) of patients was 3.6350 ± 2.4419 mg/dl. In control, the mean creatinine (mean± s.d.) of patients was .9435 ± .1317 mg/dl. Difference of mean creatinine in two groups was statistically signicant (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: eGFR was strongly associated with CKD that also statistically signicant. The positive correlation was found in eGFR.

scholarly journals Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rates by Use of Both Cystatin C and Standardized Serum Creatinine Avoids Ethnicity Coefficients in Asian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon Wee Teo ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Danhua Wang ◽  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Arvind Kumar Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Cystatin

Abstract BACKGROUND The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation is most accurate for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) but requires an adjustment for African-American patients. Estimation equations are also improved with the use of serum cystatin C combined with standardized creatinine. Combination equations have been derived by the CKD-EPI and Chinese investigators. We investigated whether these cystatin C–based equations improve estimation adequately, so that adjustments for ethnicity are not required in a multiethnic Asian population with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 232 stable CKD patients who underwent GFR measurements using 3-sample plasma clearances of 99mTc-DTPA, and for whom serum cystatin C and creatinine were quantified. RESULTS For all patients, the median biases with cystatin C equations were generally greater than with the CKD-EPI equation, and precision and root mean square error (RMSE) were not significantly better. However, the combination serum creatinine and cystatin C equation improved the precision, RMSE, and percentage of estimated GFR to within 15% and 30% of the measured GFR (57.3% vs 50.0%, 88.4% vs 82.8%, respectively). The derived ethnicity coefficients for the combination equation were all &gt;1 (1.009–1.082) but small, suggesting that coefficients are not required. The Chinese-specific equations were more biased and performed more poorly than the CKD-EPI equation. CONCLUSIONS The use of a cystatin C and creatinine combination equation for estimating GFR in a multiethnic Asian population with CKD does not require ethnicity coefficients because the derived coefficients are very close to each other.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sodium Levels in Patients with Stage V Chronic Kidney Disease Whose Using New and Re-use Hemodialyzer in Hemodialysis Installation RSD dr. Soebandi Jember

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Yuli Hermansyah ◽  
Firda Novidyawati ◽  
Ayu Munawaroh Azis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hemodialysis Machine

Stage V Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most common medical case in the world. Stage V CKD defined as a condition where the renal function decrease progressively, marked by the GFR  <15/ml/minute/1,73 m2, with or without kidney damage history for three months. Patients diagnosed with Stage V CKD often needs kidney replacement therapy, one of which is hemodialysis. The cost needed for hemodialysis was considered as too expensive, forcing lots of medical staff in most countries using the method known as re-use hemodialyzer. Re-use hemodialyzer is a term for using the same hemodialyzer (or hemodialysis machine) for the same patient but on a different therapy session. The main purpose for this research is to investigate the sodium level in patients with Stage V CKD whose using new and re-use hemodialyzer in Hemodialysis Installation of RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. Analytic Observational Study is used for this research combined with Cross Sectional Study in December 2018. Total of 19 samples chosen with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Collected data is analyzed using paired t-test. The conclusion that can be obtained from this research is that there is no significant difference between sodium level in patients with Stage V CKD whose using new and re-use hemodialyzer (p=0,904). The effectivity and quality of the hemodialyzer is thought to be the main factor for this result. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, sodium, re-use hemodialyzer

scholarly journals Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna S. Patel ◽  
Miklos Z. Molnar ◽  
John A. Tayek ◽  
Joachim H. Ix ◽  
Nazanin Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Correlation of Ultrasound Parameters with Serum Creatinine in Renal Parenchymal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
H. Khadka ◽  
B Shrestha ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
S Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common cause of renal failure. It involves a progressive loss in the structure and function of the kidneys over the course of months, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD can be diagnosed by its pathological abnormalities, changes in the levels of renal function markers in the blood or urine, or by imaging investigations (E.g. USG etc). Objectives: The purpose of our study is 1) To correlate renal echogenicity with serum creatinine in order to determine the significance of renal echogenicity for identifying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for the sonographic grading of CKD, 2) To study association of blood pressure, renal cortical cysts and renal size with grade of chronic renal disease. Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at National Kidney Centre, Banasthali Kathmandu. Two hundred patients above 20 years, diagnosed with CKD according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation and referred for USG, were included in the study. Patients with kidney transplant, on dialysis, with liver disease and renal tumors were excluded. Ultrasound of kidneys was performed by senior consultant radiologist who was blind to the patients’ serum creatinine levels. The relationship between grade of CKD with serum creatinine, kidney size, blood pressure and cortical cysts were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal wallis test using SPSS version 17. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean serum creatinine was 1.7 mg/dl for Grade 1 (range: 1.1- 4.7 mg/dl, STD 0.44), 2.38 mg/dl for Grade 2 (range: 1.8-3.9 mg/dl STD 0.40), 4.18 mg/dl for Grade 3 (range: 2.6-6.0 mg/dl, STD 0.88), and 5.65 mg/dl for Grade 4 (range: 3.1-12 mg/dl, STD 2.0. Conclusion: Renal echogenicity and its grading correlates better with serum creatinine in CKD than other sonographic parameters. Hence, renal echogenicity is a better parameter than serum creatinine for estimating renal function in CKD, and has the added advantage of irreversibility.

scholarly journals Elevated alanine aminotransferase and low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio are associated with chronic kidney disease among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (AST/ALT ratio) have been shown to be related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or insulin resistance, which was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether ALT and AST/ALT ratio are associated with CKD. In this study, we examined the relationship of ALT and AST/ALT ratio to CKD among middle-aged females in Japan. Methods The present study included 29,133 women aged 40 to 64 years who had an annual health checkup in Japan during April 2013 to March 2014. Venous blood samples were collected to measure ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatinine levels. In accordance with previous studies, ALT > 40 U/L and GGT > 50 U/L were determined as elevated, AST/ALT ratio < 1 was regarded as low, and CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CKD. Results “Elevated ALT and elevated GGT” and “elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD when compared with “non-elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.10–3.12 and OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81–2.77). Compared with “AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1 and non-elevated GGT”, “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and elevated GGT” and “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.36–3.15 and OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.52–1.87). These findings still remained after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Elevated ALT was associated with CKD regardless of GGT elevation. Moreover, low AST/ALT ratio was also associated with CKD independent of GGT elevation.

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