scholarly journals Physiological Phimosis and The Use of Topical Steroid

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
David Shrestha ◽  
Anup Shrestha

Background: Aim of this study is to see the efficiency of topical 1% hydrocortisone in the treatment of physiological phimosis. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in the Kaski Model Hospital, Pokhara, Gandaki, Nepal from January 2016 to June 2019. Forty-nine patients treated in outpatient basis have been selected for this study. Selection was made according to Kikiros and Woodward retractability grading. Results: Out of 49(100%) patients 40(81.63%) achieved complete response to steroid, which is Kikiros and Woodward retractability grade 0. 2(4.08%) patients showed satisfactory response (symptom free) which is Kikiros and Woodward retractability grade 1. And 7(14.28%) patients showed no response after six weeks course of treatment and underwent circumcision. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the use of 1% topical hydrocortisone is safe, simple and cost effective. And it could be the initial choice of treatment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii120-ii121
Author(s):  
Jun-ping Zhang ◽  
Jing-jing Ge ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Shao-pei Qi ◽  
Feng-jun Xue ◽  
...  

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose methotrexate combined with temozolomide in the treatment of newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma. METHODS A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate plus temozolomide in the Department of Neuro-oncology, Capital Medical University, Sanbo Brain Hospital from May 2010 to December 2018. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were identified. Median age was 57 years (range, 27–76 years). The maximal extent of surgery was total resection in 6, partial resection in 8, and biopsy in 27 patients. Of the 35 patients with evaluable lesions, 32 achieved complete response (CR) and 3 achieved partial response. CR rate was 91.4%. The median follow-up time was 36.5 months (range, 4.9–115.4 months). After treatment, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 45.1 months. PFS rate at 1, 2, 5 years were 85.4%, 70.1% and 43.8%, respectively. The OS rate at 1, 2, 5 years were 92.7%, 82.4% and 66.5%, respectively. The median PFS of patients younger than 65 years was better than that of patients ≥65 years (98.8 months vs 27.9 months, p=0.039). There was no association between efficacy and extent of resection (p=0.836). After disease progression, 6 of the 21 patients received radiotherapy. There was no statistical difference in OS between the patients with or without radiotherapy (36.9 months vs 28.4 months). The main severe adverse events were myelosuppression (36.6%) and elevated transaminase (34.1%). Three patients were discontinued due to drug-related toxicities. CONCLUSIONS High-dose methotrexate combined with temozolomide is effective in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma, with a low incidence of severe adverse reactions. This efficacy may be better than the historical control of methotrexate alone or methotrexate plus rituximab.


1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Armstrong ◽  
C. V. Ruckley ◽  
R. J. Prescott ◽  
J. J. Dale ◽  
E. A. Nelson

Objective: To identify what specialist expertise and services are currently available, in Scotland, to support general practitioners (GPs) and community nurses in the management of leg ulcer patients and the perceived need for the improvement of the service. Design: Postal questionnaires to randomly selected samples of GPs and community nurses. Setting: All 15 Scottish Health Board areas. Subjects: Six hundred and seventy-three GPs and 441 community nurses were questioned. Results: Five hundred and twelve (76%) GPs replied. Barely half, 285 (56%), expressed satisfaction with the service and only 155 (30%) had access to a recognized leg ulcer specialist. GPs who had access to a specialist expressed a greater level of satisfaction with the leg ulcer service than those without a local specialist. Community nurse questionnaire: Three hundred and sixty (82%) nurses replied. Two hundred and forty six (68%) indicated that the diagnosis of the cause of ulceration was usually made by both the GP and the nurse but the choice of treatment was most often made by the nurse alone. The great majority (69%) did not have access to a local leg ulcer clinic and only 34 (9%) indicated that they had access to management protocols, almost 90% of nurses expressing a need for protocols. Both questionnaires revealed a lack of specialist support, dedicated leg ulcer clinics, better education and training, and leg ulcer management protocols. Conclusion: Serious deficiencies in the support available for community care of leg ulcer patients have been identified. The situation requires to be remedied if more cost-effective outcomes for leg ulcer patients are to be achieved.


Author(s):  
PrannoyGeorge Mathen ◽  
GayathriVasanthakumari Sasidharan Nair ◽  
MGopalakrishna Pillai ◽  
KP Gireesh Kumar ◽  
KK Velayudhan ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-604
Author(s):  
Esther Vis ◽  
Herbert van den Berge

We questioned how many patients with epistaxis can be treated by cautery without the use of nasal packing, as cautery is more effective and efficient. To investigate this, we performed a retrospective study of a cohort of 418 patients with epistaxis who presented to one ENT consultant at the ENT department of Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden (the Netherlands) between 1997 and 2007. Main outcomes were the treatment modality (cautery and/or nasal packing), recurrence of epistaxis and need for hospitalization. In 98% of all patients the bleeding site could be found and treated by cautery. The incidence of recurrent bleeding was 6%. Two percent of all patients had to be admitted to the hospital. This is considerably lower compared with recurrence rates and hospitalization after treatment by nasal packing known from the literature. Therefore we concluded that nearly all patients can be effectively treated by cautery with a low recurrence rate. In addition, this method of treatment is very cost effective. Because cautery requires skill and appropriate facilities, we recommend special attention for this in ENT training programs.


Author(s):  
Abdullah S Al Saleh ◽  
Patrick Berrigan ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Sudeep Shivakumar

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> To date, there have been few economic evaluations, from a Canadian perspective, of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute unprovoked VTE. As a result, there is a lack of consensus about which treatment strategy should be adopted in the clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the cost-effectiveness of currently approved anti - coagulant options, in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with unprovoked events managed on an outpatient basis.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Microsoft Excel was used to develop a Markov model. Model parameters were determined using published literature, local hospital data, expert opinion, and chart review. The analysis considered the costs associated with pharmaceuticals, laboratory testing, hematologist fees, and treatment of recurrent VTE and major bleeding events. Effectiveness was measured in terms of QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> For treatment lasting 3 months, apixaban represented the most cost-effective DOAC relative to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) + vitamin K antagonist, with an ICER of $7379.66. For 6 months of treatment, apixaban again represented the most cost-effective treatment, with an ICER of $84.08 per QALY gained, and this drug dominated all the other strategies at 12 months. For lifetime treatment, DOACs were unlikely to be cost-effective, given a maximum willingness to pay of $50 000 to $100 000 per QALY. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis at 6 months, 46.4% of iterations resulted in apixaban having lower costs and better outcomes than LMWH + vitamin K antagonist, and 78.6% of iterations resulted in an ICER below $100 000</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings of this study suggest that apixaban is likely cost-effective for treatment durations of 3, 6, and 12 months. However, for indefinite treatment, DOACs were unlikely to be cost-effective.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte :</strong> À ce jour, on a réalisé peu d’évaluations économiques, d’un point de vue canadien, sur les anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD) utilisés dans la prévention de la thromboembolie veineuse (TEV) récurrente chez les patients atteints de TEV idiopathique aiguë. Pour cette raison, aucun consensus n’a été établi quant à la stratégie thérapeutique à adopter en milieu clinique.</p><p><strong>Objectif :</strong> Évaluer le rapport coût-efficacité des anticoagulothérapies actuellement approuvées, en ce qui a trait au coût par année de vie pondérée par la qualité (QALY) gagnée, pour la prévention de la TEV récurrente chez les patients ayant subi des événements idiopathiques qui ont été traités en consultation externe.</p><p><strong>Méthodes :</strong> Le logiciel Excel de Microsoft a servi à créer un modèle de Markov. Les paramètres du modèle ont été établis à l’aide de la littérature, de données de l’hôpital local, d’opinions d’experts et d’une analyse de dossiers médicaux. L’analyse prenait en compte les coûts associés aux médicaments, aux examens de laboratoire, aux honoraires d’hématologues et au traitement de la TEV récurrente et d’hémorragies importantes. L’efficacité était mesurée en nombre de QALY et les rapports coûtefficacité différentiels ont été calculés.</p><p><strong>Résultats :</strong> Pour un traitement de trois mois, l’apixaban représentait l’AOD offrant le meilleur rapport coût-efficacité comparativement à l’héparine de bas poids moléculaire (HBPM) + un antagoniste de la vitamine K; il présentait un rapport coût-efficacité différentiel de 7379,66 $. Pour un traitement de six mois, l’apixaban représentait à nouveau le traitement le plus efficace par rapport au coût; il présentait un rapport coût-efficacité différentiel de 84,08 $ par QALY gagnée. Ce médicament surclassait toutes les autres stratégies après douze mois de traitement. En ce qui concerne un traitement à vie, les AOD offraient probablement un moins bon rapport coût-efficacité, compte tenu d’une propension à payer maximale se situant entre 50 000 $ et 100 000 $ par QALY. Dans une analyse de sensibilité probabiliste au sixième mois de traitement, 46,4 % des itérations se traduisaient par des coûts moins élevés et de meilleurs résultats pour l’apixaban relativement à l’HBPM + un antagoniste de la vitamine K. De plus, 78,6 % des itérations se traduisaient par un rapport coût-efficacité différentiel de moins de 100 000 $.</p><p><strong>Conclusions :</strong> Ces résultats laissent croire que l’apixaban présente probablement un rapport coût-efficacité intéressant pour les traitements d’une durée de 3, 6 et 12 mois. Cependant, en ce qui concerne un traitement d’une durée indéterminée, les AOD ne sont sans doute pas avantageux.</p>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph M Navari ◽  
Eric J Roeland

Breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is nausea and/or vomiting occurring within 5 days of chemotherapy administration despite using guideline-directed prophylactic antiemetic agents. It is highly prevalent (30–40%), usually requiring immediate treatment or “rescue” medication. If breakthrough CINV occurs, antiemetic guidelines recommend using an antiemetic agent from a different class not used in prophylaxis, along with intravenous hydration and/or dexamethasone. Data supporting these guideline recommendations are limited. Importantly, costs associated with breakthrough CINV can be substantial (i.e., unscheduled hydrations). Two retrospective analyses evaluating guideline-adherent CINV prophylaxis suggest that the initial antiemetic selection may decrease breakthrough CINV. Here we review optimal CINV prophylactic strategies and introduce unscheduled hydration as a potential important surrogate for breakthrough CINV aligning with cost-effective cancer care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Shao ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Boju Pan ◽  
Xirun Wan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, which is classified as either gestational choriocarcinoma or nongestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of Chinese female nongestational choriocarcinoma patients and discuss our experience in treating this rare disease. Results We conducted a single-center retrospective study on a sample of 37 nongestational choriocarcinoma patients who were diagnosed and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1982 to March 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data were collected. Detailed information was available for all 37 individuals in our sample. The primary lesions included 34 in the ovaries, 2 in the pituitary and 1 in the stomach. The median age of onset was 22 years, and the median follow-up period spanned 41 months. The lungs (40.5%) were the most commonly observed metastatic site. All subjects were treated with surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, and a median of 4.0 courses was required to achieve complete remission. The overall complete response rate, relapse rate, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 81.1%, 16.7%, 80.0%, and 75.5%, respectively. Conclusions Nongestational choriocarcinoma can be managed well using surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, but the overall outcome of nongestational choriocarcinoma is still worse than that of gestational choriocarcinoma. Mixed nongestational choriocarcinoma seems to have similar therapeutic outcomes as pure tumors.


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