scholarly journals Spectrum of Oral Cavity Lesions and its Clinico-Histopathological Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Gaire ◽  
Anil Dev Pant ◽  
Daisy Maharjan ◽  
Usha Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

Introduction: Oral cavity lesions comprise a wide spectrum of diseases that varies from non-neoplastic to neoplastic. The clinical evaluation alone is insufficient for proper diagnosis in most cases. So, histopathological examination is the gold standard method for diagnosis and management of patients accordingly. Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions and compare them in relation to age, sex, site, clinical features, risk factors, and clinical diagnoses. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 127 cases of oral biopsies which were received at the Department of Pathology, Tribhuvan University and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal, from May 2018 to April 2019 for histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected for tissue processing and Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections. Data entry and analysis were done by using SPSS 24 version where frequency and percentile were calculated. Results: Total cases were 127 with slight female predilection and the age group of 50-60 years (mean age of 44.24 years) were commonly affected. The tongue being the most common site, frequently lesions presented as swelling. Most of the lesions were non-neoplastic comprising 45% whereas malignant lesions comprised 23.6%. Smoking increased the risk of malignancy by 2 fold. The most common benign lesions were squamous papilloma & fibroepithelial polyp whereas the malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty percent of clinical diagnoses didn’t show correlation. Conclusions: Oral cavity lesions have a wide spectrum of distribution in age, sex, site, and clinical presentation. Initially, oral lesions may present with subtle symptoms which may cause underdiagnosis. Thus, histopathological diagnosis is a must to rule out malignancy. Keywords: Clinical presentation; correlation; oral cavity; risk factors.

Eosinophil Count Variation among Histopathological Features of Appendectomy Specimens at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109
Author(s):  
Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽  
Mrinalini Singh ◽  
Neeta Kafle ◽  
Amrita Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard method for diagnosis. The presence of eosinophil besides other inflammatory cells like neutrophils and mature lymphocytes within different histological layers of appendectomy specimens are common findings for labeling it under various groups. This finding supports the assumption that appendicitis is triggered by Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.  Objective: To evaluate the eosinophil count variation in appendectomy specimens in patients with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis.  Methodology: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 144 appendectomy specimens obtained in Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Socio-demographic data, association of histopathological patterns with age groups, gender and eosinophil count in various histopathological groups was compared and cross-tabulated using SPSS version 16.  Result: Among 144 appendectomy specimens, male gender (50.70%) of 15-24 years age group (36.80%) was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis was acute appendicitis (31.25%) with highest eosinophil count in all of its histological layers. The association of various histopathological patterns with age groups and gender were not statistically significant, whereas it revealed statistically significant correlation between eosinophil counts in all histological layers.  Conclusion: Findings suggest that the eosinophil count variation in the entire histological layers correlate well among different histopathological patterns of appendectomy specimens. This reflects the high diagnostic value of evaluating the eosinophil count in appendectomy specimens. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Organic Colonic Lesions by Colonoscopy in Patients Fulfilling ROME IV Criteria of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (209) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Sharma Paudel ◽  
Amrendra Kumar Mandal ◽  
Barun Shrestha ◽  
Nandu Silwal Poudyal ◽  
Sudhamshu KC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Histopathology Examination ◽  
Rome Iv ◽  
Organic Lesions

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome occurs as recurrent abdominal pain that is related to defecation and associated with change in frequency and/or form of stool. Few Patients with IBS may have organic lesions detectable at colonoscopy. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 140 consecutive patients of IBS fulfilling the ROME IV criteria. The study was conducted in Gastroenterology unit, Department of Medicine, Bir hospital, Kathmandu from July 2016 to September 2017. All patients underwent full colonoscopy along with biopsy from sigmoid colon and any visibly abnormal areas. Results: The average age of patients was 37.5 years with 76 (52.8%) males. Forty-two (30%) had IBS-D, 36 (26%) had IBS-C, 31 (22%) had IBS-M and 31 (22%) had IBS-U. Dyspepsia was seen in 16 (11.4%) and fear of TB/Malignancy/IBD was seen in 27 (19.2%). Organic lesions were seen in 39 (27.85%) patients. Nonspecific colitis was seen in 10 (7.1%) followed by ileal erosions in 7 (5%), polyps in 8 (5.7%), hemorrhoids in 6 (4.2%) and diverticula in 3 (2.1%). Only one (0.71%) patient had microscopic colitis and one (0.71%) had malignant lesion seen at histopathological examination. Females with IBS-D had more organic findings than males (P=0.03, RR=4.13, 95% CI=1.21-15.71). Conclusions: The prevalence of organic lesions in patients with IBS fulfilling ROME IV criteria is 27%. Dyspepsia is the most common comorbidity and fear of TB/malignancy/IBD is the most common reason for seeking health care. Females with IBS-D have a higher risk of detecting organic lesions by colonoscopy and histopathology examination.

scholarly journals Conjunctival Lesions: A 5-Year Basic Demographic Data and Clinicopathological Review in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind M. Alkatan ◽  
Khalid M. Alshomar ◽  
Hala A. Helmi ◽  
Wajda M. Alhothali ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Alshalan
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Abstract Background Conjunctival lesions are common with a wide spectrum of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Few histopathological studies have been conducted on conjunctival lesions with variable designs and results. Our aim in this study is to provide information on common conjunctival lesions seen in an ophthalmology tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective, observational study of all consecutive conjunctival tissue specimens sent for histopathological assessment to the pathology department from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and the histopathological slides were reviewed by a single pathologist. Results A total of 110 conjunctival specimens from 108 patients were included (mean age: 53 years, 67 males and 43 females). Bilateral involvement was mostly found in inflammatory lesions (40%). Most lesions were benign (91%), with a significantly longer duration of symptoms in malignant lesions (p = 0.036*). The clinical diagnosis matched the final histopathological diagnosis in 75.5% of the total specimens. The most frequent category of benign lesions was fibrodegenerative and proliferative lesions (53.6%), with a significantly higher prevalence among adult males (p < 0.001). Melanocytic lesions were more common in children (33.3%) than adults (9.8%), and the mean age of children was significantly lower (p = 0.013). The most frequent malignant lesion was ocular surface squamous neoplasia (50%), with equal prevalence among males and females. The overall outcome was favorable in 89.4% and unfavorable in 10.6%, mostly due to surgical complications, further progression of the lesion, or recurrence. Conclusion This study shows variability in the frequency of conjunctival lesions based on gender, age, geographical, racial, and environmental factors. There has been a shift in the gender-based prevalence of ocular squamous neoplasia over the last three decades, probably due to a change in lifestyle.

scholarly journals Density of Green Spaces and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the City of Madrid: The Heart Healthy Hoods Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Plans ◽  
Pedro Gullón ◽  
Alba Cebrecos ◽  
Mario Fontán ◽  
Julia Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the density of green spaces at different buffer sizes (300, 500, 1000 and 1500 m) and cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) as well as to study if the relationship is different for males and females. We conducted cross-sectional analyses using the baseline measures of the Heart Healthy Hoods study (N = 1625). We obtained data on the outcomes from clinical diagnoses, as well as anthropometric and blood sample measures. Exposure data on green spaces density at different buffer sizes were derived from the land cover distribution map of Madrid. Results showed an association between the density of green spaces within 300 and 500 m buffers with high cholesterol and diabetes, and an association between the density of green spaces within 1500 m buffer with hypertension. However, all of these associations were significant only in women. Study results, along with other evidence, may help policy-makers creating healthier environments that could reduce cardiovascular disease burden and reduce gender health inequities. Further research should investigate the specific mechanisms behind the differences by gender and buffer size of the relationship between green spaces and cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals A study of gastrointestinal tumors at kathmandu medical college teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1285-1288
Author(s):  
Sailesh Bahadur Pradhan ◽  
Binita Pradhan ◽  
Sailuja Maharjan ◽  
Prabin Bikram Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Gastrointestinal tract tumour is responsible for more cancers and death than any other cancers.  The tumour in GIT include the tumour of the Oral cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Biliary tree.Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among all the gastrointestinal tract tumours specimens received for histopathological examination in between January 2016 to June 2017 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. All tumors diagnosed either benign or malignant were included in this study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee in KMCTH.Results: Colorectum was found to be the most commonly involved site for malignant lesion comprising 40.2% among all malignant lesions followed by stomach comprising 28.6%. Malignancy was found to be more prevalent among male with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 in colorectal region and 1.4:1 in stomach cancers. Regarding benign lesions (polyps), rectum was found to be the commonest site (57.5%), followed by colon (20.0%) and stomach, the least common site.Malignant lesions were more common among the age group of 51-60 years (37.66%) with 70.13% above 50 years. Benign lesions were also found to be the most common above 50 years comprising 40.0 percent.Conclusion: Rectum & colon was found to be the most commonly involved site for both malignant and benign lesion. Malignancy is more prevalent among male and common above 50 years of age. However, malignant cases noted in the adult age group are a matter of great concern.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CT-SCAN FINDINGS WITH BIOPSY IN LIVER MASSES DONE AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Bhanupriya Singh ◽  
Khushal N Pawar ◽  
Suhas S Ghule ◽  
Dilip L Lakhkar
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: More than 80% of all primary hepatic malignancies are hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of a liver lesion depends on the attenuation difference between normal liver and the lesion. CT helps in detecting tumors and their size in liver quiet successfully. Accurate detection of liver mass is crucial for the deciding the treatment regimens. Objective: The study was undertaken to compare the results of CT-scan to histopathology findings. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College, Ahmednagar in association with Department of pathology of the concerned institute for histopathological diagnosis from 01-03-2014 to 28-02-2015 for a period of one year. Patients having hepatic mass of any sex or age presenting in the hospital were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were as patients refusing consent, or CT-scan and/or biopsy, known adverse reaction to contrast agent. CT scan and histopathology were done in all the subjects. Result: 50 subjects were studied in this study. Mean age of all subjects was 52.88 ± 16.03 years with a range of 18 year to 85 years. 40 cases were male in the study group. Maximum number of cases were in the age group 40-59 years. Out of 28 confirmed malignant cases by histopathology, 27 cases were diagnosed as malignant by CT scan too. Sensitivity of CT to diagnose malignant lesion was 96.4%, specificity 86.4%, accuracy 92%, positive predictive value 90% and negative predictive value 95%. Conclusion: CT scan can be used as a tool for the detecting of malignant liver masses.

scholarly journals Benign myoepithelioma of the soft palate: an unusual clinical entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e240384
Author(s):  
Marianna Guadalupe Mireles ◽  
Angelica Julián ◽  
Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría ◽  
Guillermo Manuel González
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Growing Mass

Myoepitheliomas are rare benign tumours that affect the exocrine glands and are sporadically located in the salivary glands. The most common location of myoepithelioma in the oral cavity is the parotid gland and it is seldom encountered in the palate. The diagnosis of this entity is challenging since its clinical presentation may resemble those of more common neoplasms, rendering a complex histopathological diagnosis. The aim of the present case report is to describe an unusual case of myoepithelioma of the soft palate in a male patient, which developed as an asymptomatic, slowly growing mass. The tumour was assessed with histopathological examination and the diagnosis was verified via immunohistochemistry. Finally, the treatment included surgical resection of the tumour and no signs of recurrence were noted 2.5 years after the surgical procedure. Early diagnosis and treatment plays an important role in the prognosis of this pathological entity.

scholarly journals Retrospective study of tumor and tumor like conditions of ovary from a rural hospital in Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Valson ◽  
Satish Arakeri ◽  
Dally Maria Davis ◽  
Divya S.
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Mucinous Cyst

Background: Ovarian tumor and tumor like conditions are seen in women from early childhood to post-menopausal age. The ovaries are a pair of female sex glands responsible for the germ cell maturation, storage and release; cyclically. It also plays an important role in steroidogenesis. The ovaries are a totipotential structure and hence, neoplasms from all 3 germinal layers can be seen arising from it and manifesting clinically as ovarian tumors and tumor like conditions with its occurrence more during the late reproductive life. Ovarian tumors represent about 30% of all cancers of the female genital system. They manifesting in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features.Methods: This is retrospective observational study where analysis of all cases which were encountered surgically during the period Mar 2012 to Mar 2017. The cases diagnosed as ovarian tumors were subjected to thorough investigation by CA125, ultrasound (USG) abdomen and pelvis and Computerised Tomography (CT) scan. Emergency presentations with twisted cysts were operated in emergency setting and histopathological examination (HPE) done to identify the nature of tumor. IHC was done wherever necessary to sub classify and confirm the histological diagnosis. Surgeries were done either by conventional laparotomy or by laparoscopy.Results: We have analyzed 175 cases retrospectively after histopathological diagnosis. The commonest lesions were ovarian cysts, out of which 63 cases (36%) were simple serous cyst adenomas followed by mucinous cyst adenomas 30 cases (17.14%). Germ cell tumors with struma ovarii were 34 cases (19.42%). The interesting part of the study was that we had a very high incidence of large endometriomas diagnosed as ovarian cysts before surgery 16 cases (9.4%). Two cases (1.14%) of ovarian malignancy were detected.Conclusions: The above study has revealed a spectrum of ovarian tumors over a wide age range from adolescent to late reproductive to menopausal and late menopausal age group. The incidence of malignancy was (1.14%).

scholarly journals A prospective study and correlation of cytological, cell-block and histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Ankita Paul ◽  
Sowmya S Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Palpable Breast ◽  
A Prospective Study

Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer in the world and establishing an early diagnosis is clinically very important. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the fast, reliable and ideal initial diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of these lesions. This is a cross-sectional prospective study of 12 months duration. A total of 160 patients underwent FNAC of palpable breast lump/lumps. A cell-block preparation was done for 80 cases and the histopathological examination has been performed on all the 160 cases.The cytomorphological diagnosis, cell-block diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis were correlated using suitable statistical methods. Out of 160 patients, on cytological examination, 107 cases (67%) were benign and 53cases (33%) were malignant. On histopathological examination, 104 cases (65%) were benign and 56 cases (35%) were malignant. On examination of cell block, two cases which were indeterminate in FNAC turned out to be malignant. FNAC plays a main diagnostic role as an out-patient procedure which gives rapid diagnosis. FNAC when combined with cell-block can give more accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Expression OF p16INK4a Gene in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Oral Cavity

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
R. Vijay David Raj ◽  
S. Marylilly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Squamous cell carcinoma is the summits malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Tobacco and alcohol is identified as risk factors, but squamous cell carcinoma can occur in patients with no known risk factors. Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy and is one of the major causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer is caused due to a series of alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors that occur in multiple steps and is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the individual and by exogenous environmental factors. These factors result in a series of molecular alteration, including inactivation of tumor suppressor genes expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. The p16 staining was correlated between the control and study groups and p 16 was shown to be increasing expressed in premalignant and less expressed in malignant category and was found to be statistically significant by Fischer’s exact test. This study concluded that p16 was increasingly expressed in premalignant lesions and less expressed in malignant lesion. In the present study 9 of the control cases were p16 negative and one case showed sporadic staining. The study group I showed 1 case of sporadic staining, 6 cases of focal staining and 8 cases of diffuse staining. The study II showed 14 cases of sporadic staining, 6 cases of focal staining and 5 cases of diffuse staining. Hence variations cannot be accurately assessed, but it plays a crucial role in assessing pre-malignant lesions progressing to malignancy. To confirm this, a larger sample study is required. As advances in research have leads to greater understanding of potentially malignant lesions in the oral cavity.

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