scholarly journals The Role of Tourism for Employment Generation in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Lila Raj Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Model Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Government

This study explores the contribution of tourism for employment generation that is also a major part of individual as well as national income. This is a strong pillar of the national income that may promote and upgrade the economic level of the citizens through service sectors. On the basis of secondary sources, this study has been analyzed the trend of employment generation due to tourism industry in government and private levels. Tourism industry helps not only for government level employment like: in Ministry of Tourism (MOT), Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) and Tourism Information Center (TIC) but it supports to the private sectors such as : Star Hotels, Tourist Standard Hotels (TSH), Home Stay (private and community),Tracking Agency, Travel Agency, Rafting Agency, International Airlines, Domestic Airlines, Paragliding, Tourist Transportation, and others( Porter, Guide, cook, Ultra-light) also. Descriptive research design, quantitative research method and average sampling have been applied in this research for proper analysis because of its nature. Secondary data of a decade have been selected and analyzed during this research. Under the guidance of economic growth model, development theory associates with Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Malthus, Karl Marx, and Rostow, has been applied. This study has moreover shown that the trend of employment in tourism sector has been increasing drastically during a decade which has been supported by table no 1, 2 and 3. Analyzing secondary data which was collected during the period of 2008/09 to 2017/18, this study has concluded that inadequate infrastructure, inadequate promoting activities and regularity mechanism, political unrest, lack of skilled human resources and unhealthy competition among tourism establishments were some major barriers faced by the tourism sector for employment generation. This study suggested that the government should develop tourism infrastructure including road, electricity and communication, and tourism promoting activities in government and non-government organizations. There is also an urgent need to invest more on improving hospitality skill of employees for quality tourism in Nepal.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MICRO & SMALL SCALE TOURISM ENTREPRENEURS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasya Farhana Nazry ◽  
◽  
Jabil Mapjabil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is the single largest contributor to the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are divided into three levels: micro, small and medium-sized - enterprises, in a programme initiated by the government to reduce poverty and cut the income gap between rural and urban residents. The involvement of SMEs in the tourism industry has contributed to the development of a competitive advantage for the tourism industry in Malaysia. SMEs are an important component of the Malaysian economy, accounting for more than a third of the total GDP and providing employment to more than seven million people. However, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a worldwide pandemic, it has radically changed the direction of the tourism sector in Malaysia, especially among the micro and small scale enterprises (SMEs). In an effort to slow the spread of the virus, numerous countries introduced and mandated the use of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) including hand washing and sanitisation, social distancing and social isolation. Furthermore, the government has introduced several policies, improved public health systems and closed borders. These developments have restricted and even banned international travel and domestic travel, resulting in severe negative effects on the tourism sector. This unforeseen shock, to the tourism and other sectors, has dragged on for more than 12 months. It has severely curtailed the growth of micro and small scale enterprises (SMEs), leaving many such enterprises on the brink of closure. This study examines the literature and critically reviews the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted SMEs. The methodology of this study uses the method of highlighting literature material systematically. A conceptual research method using secondary data was used in this study.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Industri Perjalanan Wisata Bali Ditengah Anomali Kebijakan Menyambut Era Kenormalan Baru

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Gowinda ◽  
Dyah Mutiarin ◽  
Janianton Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Government ◽  
Travel Industry

According to UNWTO (2020), during the pandemic period there was a significant decline in the tourism sector, such as travel and hospitality. This condition occurs throughout the country, including on the island of Bali as a world tourist destination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bali's economic dependence on the tourism industry was felt. Coupled with policies that continue to change along with scientific developments related to COVID-19 and efforts to deal with it, the tourism industry inevitably has to 'adapt' more quickly. This article attempts to describe government policies that have had an impact on the travel industry, especially in Bali. The government policy that is being studied is the policy published in the first and second quarters of 2020. The data collection method is carried out only by literature review. The discussion is presented in a descriptive-qualitative nature, and is critically reviewed on the phenomena depicted from secondary data and documentations of pre-existing research on the same topic. The results found that the Indonesian government's policy is absolute to be used as a reference for the travel industry sector to clean up and adapt to developments in handling COVID-19 even though the related policies always change from time to time with dynamism.

scholarly journals Tourism Industry Competitiveness of Semarang Municipality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Hertiana Ikasari ◽  
Ida Farida
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze competitiveness level of tourism industry in Semarang Municipality. The data used in this research are secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS/BPS) and Culture and Tourism Office of Semarang Municipality. Moreover, this study uses an analytical tool, i.e competitiveness monitor (CM) method. The result shows that Semarang Municipality has several lower indicators of competitiveness calculation than Surakarta Municipality and Magelang Regency, i.e. Human Tourism Indicator (HTI), Environment Indicator (EI), and Human Resources Indicator (HRI). On the other hand, Semarang Municipality also has some higher competitiveness calculation indicators compared to that of Surakarta Municipality and Magelang Regency in Price Competitiveness Indicator (PCI), Infrastructure Development Indicator (IDI), Openness Indicator (OI) and Social Development Indicator (SDI). The improvement of tourism competitiveness in Semarang Municipality requires synergy from many parties, including the government, business actors in tourism sector (hotel owners, travel bureaus), private sector and academics.

scholarly journals COVID-19: IT'S IMPACT ON TRAVELAND TOURISM SECTOR IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pollypriya Buragohain
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Common People ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

In India, travel and tourism industry is generous and vital. Among other industries, travel and tourism industry is one of the prominent and profitable industries in India. According to World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), among 185 countries, India ranked at third in case of travel and tourism industry by contributing a profitable amount to GDP in 2018. But in present days, the sector is harshly affected by the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Because due to this pandemic of COVID-19, people are refrain from travel to different countries. Due to COVID-19, it is expecting that about 38 million of people in India loss their jobs in tourism industry specially impact of this pandemic would be felt on both blue and white collar jobs and globally over 50 million jobs are at risk which indicates a 12 to 14 percent reduction in jobs. The objectives of this research study are firstly to understand the importance of tourism sector for economic development, secondly to study the impact of COVID-19 on travel and tourism sector, thirdly to find out the hurdles for development of travel and tourism sector in India and lastly to find out the suitable measures to rescue the tourism industry in current situation. The research paper is mostly descriptive in nature entirely based on secondary data. Data and information relating to the present study have been collected from some reliable data sources. In conclusion part, it is found out that this sector is mostly induced by the psychology of the people. Therefore, after this crisis, it is very challenging task to the companies of tourism sector have to regrain the trust of people. If we analyse the present situation then we can predict that the tourism sector will recover partially in 2021and it take a long time to go back to the previous situation completely and for this the Government should take some effective and reliable measures and the common people should response their initiatives properly.

scholarly journals Study of the Social and Cultural Aspects of Saudi Tourists and Evaluate the Services Provided to Tourist of Saudi - An Applied Study for the Tourism Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Amal Mohammed Sheikh Damanhouri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The current study is based on the tourism sector in Saudi Arabia. Kingdom’s tourism industry earnings from international travelers and tourism services are poised to hit SAR80 billion in 2015. The tourism industry in Saudi Arabia has witnessed an increasing level of growth in recent years and is seen to continue this trend moving forward. The industry has undergone a major transformation led by the commitment to upgrade the Kingdom’s infrastructure as well as improving its hospitality sector. Religious tourism is the main attraction for inbound tourists and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future, the government has taken steps to increase domestic tourism and persuade potential outbound tourists from vacationing abroad. However, large investment in the sector is required to bring these ambitious plans to fruition. The tourism sector comprises only 2% of government funding compared to the industrial sector. In this report random sampling was used as it is the best known form of probability sample. Pilot study was conducted by taking convenience sampling. To find the quantitative analysis SPSS 18.0 software is used. In this report factor analysis is used for the reliability test of the questionnaire. Chi-Square test is used for comparing the collected data with the desired data from the certain hypothesis on the other hand Pearson Correlation is used to measure means of a statistical test. The study evaluates the services provided to the tourist visiting the kingdom and at the same time it measures the satisfaction level of the tourists. The report is based on primary and secondary data for the primary data the questionnaire was used and being distributed to the tourists visiting the kingdom. Five hypothesis was proposed and are being analyzed using Chi – Square test and correlation test. The current study states that there are several variables, where excellent satisfaction is being rated by the tourists where as there are several factors where the authority needs to pay importance, which is mentioned in detail in this report. The outcome of this report also suggests some major policy recommendation by which convenience, excellence and comfort could be given to the tourists visiting the kingdom.

Community Development and Role of Tourism: A Case Study of Tourist Destination Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Products

Tourism sector has a significant role in the economic development of our country. Tourism sector has contributed 6.88 percent to the GDP and has 12.36 percent share in employment (direct and indirect) in the year 2014. It has also a significant share in foreign exchange earnings. The benefit of tourism mostly goes to the local community (Sonya & Jacqueline, Mansour E. Zaei & Mahin E. Zaei, 2013). In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess how the tourism industry has created an opportunity for the economic, political, social and cultural development of the local community at Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India) and also tried to study the problems that are associated with the tourism in the region. The study found that the tourism industry has been extending its contribution for the development of local community at Manali. It has been providing employment, business and investment opportunities, revenue generation for the government, encouraging the community to promote and preserve its art, culture and heritage, raising the demand of agriculture products, provided opportunities for local people to run and work in the transport business and by promoting MSMEs in the region. Besides the opportunities, the tourism industry has also added many problems to the local community. Traffic congestion, increase in water and air pollution, solid waste generation, degradation of the cultural heritage, ecological imbalances, rise in cost of living, increase in crime, noise and environment pollution, migration of people to the region, negative impact on local culture, and extra pressure on civic services during the tourists season, are the problems associated with the tourism. The study suggest that effective management of natural resources, dissemination of environment protection information, involvement of local community in decision making, professionalization in the working of local administration, extending the support of government in sponsoring the events, infrastructure development, tracking records of migrants with the help of local community to curb the crime rate, promotion and preservation of art, culture and heritage, involvement of NGOs, compliance of the rules can make tourism more beneficial in the development of local community.

THE CURRENT GROWTH EFFECT OF HEALTH TOURISM MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY FOR THE EVALUATION ON CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
Mustafa IŞIK ◽  
Yakup ÖZSEZER ◽  
Fikriye IŞIK
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector

Tourism sector is one of the major driving forces to develop the Turkish economy which provides the positive contributions with new employment opportunities and the national income and payments. With aid of this developments in economy by tourism, it has also increased the interaction with alternative areas. Health Tourism is also one of the special areas in which provides to the country high added value and foreign currency exchange income. Since the revenue outcome by health tourism is reaching up to 100 billion dollars, the national policy of health tourism enable countries has been undertaken as a high interested point of investment needed area. The critical threshold of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4 to 5 percent as a current account balance and this deficient outcome in Turkey mostly takes on 5 to 4 percent which is a considered as a critical threshold. Health Tourism is expected to play a key role in bringing the values to the positive levels and therefore the focus is becoming on this area by health sector. Developing countries such as India, Singapore, and Thailand meet their foreign trade deficits with the income where they have obtained from this specific sector and the level of growth in this sector is at certain rate every year. The health Tourism is very crucial and significant sector for such a country Turkey, who has current budget deficit, and it is real economic sense. With Covid-19 crisis, the plans related with health tourism is re-evaluated by the coordination between Turkish Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Economy. Especially, with the infrastructure works carried for public and city hospitals has been capable of providing health tourism services within the organization which is called “USHAŞ (International Health Services)”. The health tourism sector offers significant opportunities for Turkey during Covid-19 pandemic effects on our current account deficit and the decline in economic recovery of our tourism industry and losses. With health tourism created opportunities is already in an increasing trend, to contribute to the country’s economy much faster by increasing target markets with public-private cooperation.

scholarly journals The Roles of English in the Development of Tourism and Economy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Made Sri Widiastuti ◽  
◽  
I Nengah Dasi Astawa ◽  
Ida Bagus Nyoman Mantra ◽  
Putu Herny Susanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Tourism is very necessary to continue to be developed to improve the economy in Indonesia and increase the position of the country geographically, which is very strategic for tourism and the world economy. For this reason, the ability to communicate in English is absolutely necessary, in order to compete with workers from other countries, so that they can contribute to the improvement of the national economy. The ability to communicate in English is a strategic sector in the development of highly competitive human resources in the tourism industry sector and in the global economic community. By having good English communication skills, it will be easier to grab market share in the tourism industry sector and the economic sector. The tourism sector as one of the prime industrial development is developed in order to further increase the rate of national development. For this reason, it is necessary that the government continues to increase its resilience, policies, and increase the development of tourism with a view to further developing the community's economy and increasing the ability to speak English so that human resources are able to compete in various tourism industries so that the economy will increase.

scholarly journals Measures to support Russian tourism in the conditions of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
A. S. Amosov ◽  
M. K. Ashinova
Keyword(s):  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Online Facilitation ◽  
Financial Regulatory ◽  
Key Industry

The tourism industry, including the hospitality industry, which were the first to suffer from the new coronavirus pandemic, found themselves in an unprecedented situation: complete cessation of some businesses due to border closures and self-isolation. For some countries tourism makes up one of the largest shares of GDP and is a key industry, for others, tourism and activities associated with international travel significantly accelerate the pace of economic development. Industry actors need to understand what incentive tools are available now and in the aftermath of the pandemic in order to develop a systematic approach to managing the effects of the pandemic. The purpose of the article is to study and structure incentive measures for the tourism industry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following methods of scientific knowledge has been used: abstraction, analysis, induction, synthesis. The article substantiates the relevance of the study. Some indicators of the functioning of domestic tourism during a pandemic are considered in comparison with previous periods, in particular, price indices for various types of paid services to the population, the development of collective accommodation facilities in Russia. At the same time, there is a decline in all indicators during the pandemic, which is due to forced quarantine restrictions and the closure of borders in most countries of the world. The most popular measures of state support proposed by the government for the tourism sector are the following: support in obtaining financing, tax incentives, subsidizing operating expenses, subsidies for SMEs (minimum wages), deferral of non-tax payments, consulting and educational support, deferrals and incentives for rent payments, provision of grants and subsidies on a competition, etc. The proposed measures to support tourism in the current environment are new personnel training, assistance in developing a strategy, business development, attracting tourists, assistance in the transition to online, facilitation of activities (tax, financial, regulatory exemptions).

scholarly journals PERILAKU WISATAWAN PANTAI NGURBLOAT DAN NGURSARNADAN ERA NEW NORMAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERWISATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Ida I Dewa Ayu Raka Susanty ◽  
Melissa Justine Renjaan
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Travel Decisions

ABSTRAK Wabah COVID-19 di seluruh dunia telah membuat dunia terhenti, dan pariwisata menjadi yang terpuruk dari semua sektor ekonomi utama di seluruh dunia tak terkecuali Indonesia. Pulau – pulau kecil di Indonesia timur yang menggantungkan perekonomian dari segi pariwisata bahari juga terkena dampak besar akibat situasi pandemi. Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara adalah salah satunya. Pelonggaran terhadap aktivitas industri pariwisata dimulai sejak diumumkannya masa new normal oleh pemerintah. Dua destinasi unggulan Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara yakni Pantai Ngurbloat dan Ngursarnadan memulai aktivitas pada kawasan wisata dengan jumlah pengunjung yang didominasi oleh wisatawan lokal. Tingginya wisatawan lokal yang berwisata, menunjukan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap aktivitas berwisata sangat tinggi. Perilaku wisatawan terhadap keputusan berwisata dalam masa new normal dapat dipicu oleh berbagai faktor. Proses pengambilan keputusan wisatawan dalam berwisata ke destinasi wisata pantai Ngurbloat dan Ngursarnadan sangat penting diketahui oleh stakeholder atau pengelola kawasan wisata Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pengaruh perilaku wisatawan secara simultan terhadap keputusan berwisata, pengaruh secara parsial perilaku wisatawan terhadap keputusan berwisata serta faktor yang paling menonjol mempengaruhi keputusan wisatawan dalam berwisata pada Pantai Ngurbloat dan Ngursardanan. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara dengan analisa regeresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor budaya, sosial, pribadi dan psikologis secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan wisatawan berkunjung ke pantai Ngurbloat dan Ngursarnadan. Sedangkan, pengaruh secara parsial hanya pada faktor sosial, pribadi dan psikologis berpengaruh terhadap keputusan wisatawan untuk berkunjung ke Pantai Ngurbloat dan Ngursarnadan. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keputusan berwisata wisatawan adalah faktor psikologis dengan nilai Koefisien sebesar 0.497 Kata Kunci : Perilaku Wisatawan, Keputusan berwisata, Pantai Ngurbloat, Pantai   Ngursarnadan ABSTRACT The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill, and tourism has been the worst affected of all major economic sectors  in the entire world as well as Indonesia. In eastern Indonesia, the economy of small islands depends on the marine tourism sector which has been affected by the pandemic. Southeast Maluku Regency is one of the islands affected by pandemic. The government has suspended the activity of tourist and travel. The tourism industry is gradually starting to recovery and improve. reopened tourist areas in Southeast Maluku Regency have begun in August 2020 with the COVID-19 health protocol. Two leading destinations of Southeast Maluku Regency, Ngurbloat Beach and Ngursarnadan Beach, started activities in tourist areas with the number of visitors dominated by local tourists. The purpose of this study was to know and explain the influence of tourist behavior simultaneously on travel decisions, the partial influence of tourist behavior on travel decisions and the dominant faktor influencing the decision of tourists in visiting Ngurbloat and Ngursardanan Beaches. The results of this study showed that cultural, social, personal and psychological faktors silmultan influence the decision of tourists visiting Ngurbloat  and Ngursarnadan Beach. Meanwhile, the partial influence is only on social, personal and psychological factors on the decision of tourist to visit Ngurbloat and Ngursarnadan beach. The most dominant factor influencing the decision to travel is the psychological factor with a coefficient value of 0.497 Keywords: Tourist Behavior, Travel decisions, Ngurbloat Beach, Ngursarnadan Beach

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