scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella typhi in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-418
Author(s):  
Md Khoyber Ali ◽  
Shahin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Enteric fever is an important public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. A changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and emergence of resistance has increased to a great concern. Objective: Aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi. Methods: A total of 181 Salmonella typhi samples from 5 to 15 years age group were collected from blood culture during the period of October to December 2014 from IBN SINA Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Specimens from the blood culture were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: Among the tested antibiotics, S. typhi was susceptible to ceftriaxone 100%, followed by cefixime and gentamicin 99.4%, ciprofloxacin 98.6%, cotrimoxazole 88.9%, azithromycin 88.4 % and least susceptible antibiotic was Ampicillin 62.5% and nalidixic acid 5%. Conclusion: The antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the Salmonella typhi were highly sensitive (>88%) to most of the drugs used in this study, whereas nalidixic acid showed only 5% sensitivity. So this study indicates that ceftriaxone, cefixime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be used as a first line therapy and nalidixic acid should be avoided for treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.416-418

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Sensitivity Pattern

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Swayambhu Shubham ◽  
Satyendra Narayan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Improper Use

Background: UTI constitute a major public health problem in India accounting 2nd most common infection next to respiratory tract infection. They are responsible for increasing treatment cost and significant morbidity.Aim:-To determine the incidence of UTI, evaluation of pathogens responsible and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the population.Methods:Urine samples were collected from 300 patients attending the OPD Patna medical college, Patna during the period of 18 months (January 2017 to June 2018) Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done for the bacterial isolates present in the sample by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Only those samples were taken into consideration which develops count equal to or greater than 1*105CFU/ml as indicated by Kass.Results:Out of 300 samples collected 146 (48.66%)) yielded bacterial growth. Out of 146 culture isolates E.Coli was the most common pathogen followed by klebsiella, CoNS and staphylococcus. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed on all the isolates. It was observed that highest sensitivity was 49.31% to amikacin, gentamycin (45.89%), nitrofurantoin (38.35%) meropenem (27.39%).Conclusions:It was observed that high grade of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, cefazolin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and gentamycin is present as a result of misuse or improper use of antibiotic in the community. Hence urine culture is necessary for the diagnostic screening of UTI before the treatment.

scholarly journals Vancomycin and High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance inEnterococcusspp. in a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A Therapeutic Concern

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Mittal ◽  
Pooja Singla ◽  
Antariksha Deep ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Rama Sikka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
High Level

Aims. This study was aimed at knowing the prevalence of vancomycin and high level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcal strains among clinical samples.Study Design. It was an investigational study.Place and Duration of Study. It was conducted on 100Enterococcusisolates, in the Department of Microbiology, Pt. BDS PGIMS, Rohtak, over a period of six months from July to December 2014.Methodology. Clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, semen, vaginal swab, and throat swab were processed andEnterococcusisolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of enterococci was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. High level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) was more common in urine samples (41.5%) followed by blood (36%) samples. High level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) was more common in pus samples (52.6%) followed by blood samples (36%). Resistance to vancomycin was maximum in blood isolates.Conclusion. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents have been recognized. Thus, it is crucial for laboratories to provide accurate antimicrobial resistance patterns for enterococci so that effective therapy and infection control measures can be initiated.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Ina Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection is very common in both male and female.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated from urinary tract infected patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka for a period of 12 months. Clinically diagnosed cases of urinary tract infection irrespective of age and sex having pus cells ?5/HPF in the deposits of centrifuged urine were selected as study population. Data regarding organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were collected. For urine culture the urine samples were inoculated on HiCrome UTI agar, CLED agar, 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey’s agar media with a calibrated loop having diameter of 1.45 mm which contains 0.001 ml of urine. The inoculation at 37o C for 24 hours and CFU count of 105/ml of urine were considered positive for UTI. Identification of bacteria was done by standard biochemical techniques and their distinct colony characteristics. All the isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity against different antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates.Result: Diagnosis of bacteria causing UTI with their sensitivity to different antibiotics was performed with a total of 300 samples from both male (38.66%) and female (61.33%) of different age groups. Among 300 samples 107 strains were isolated. Out of 107 identified strains, 95(31.67%) samples showed single growth and 6(2%) samples showed mixed growth. Escherichia coli (64.49%) was found to be the predominant organism. Regarding antimicrobial sensitivity pattern Esch. coli showed 98.55 to 63.77% sensitivity to imipenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin. Other isolated organisms showed 50 to 100% sensitivity to ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem except Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and enterococci spp. which showed 40% and less sensitivity.Conclusion: In conclusion Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated bacteria which is highly sensitive to imipenem.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):13-18

Spectrum of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen isolated from Pus samples and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Soni Soni ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Deepali Saini
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Culture Positive

Background:Wound infection continues to be a significant problem in clinical practice where empirical treatment of infection is required while waiting for culture report to prevent emergence of resistance. Objectives:To study the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogen isolated from pus samples and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated. Method: The samples of pusreceived in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were processed during the study period to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens as per standard bacteriologicaltechniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines 2017. Result:Out of the total of 1474pus samples processed, 21.98% samples were culture positive. Majority of culture positive samples were from IPD patients.Predominance of gram negative bacteria (77.4%) was seen as compared to gram positive bacteria (22.60%) both in IPD and OPD samples. High level of resistance to various antimicrobials was seen among the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in pus sample is a matter of concern. Therefore, knowledge of the spectrum of microorganisms causing pus discharge and its susceptibility pattern is required and this data may contribute to an effective management of cases of wound infection

scholarly journals A Detailed Study of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Penton Valentine Leucocidin Gene Positive and Negative Staphylococcus aureus from Pus Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mateen Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
One Year ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus harboring Panton Valentine Leucocidin gene are emerging and spreading worldwide. PVL gene was first identified by Noel Panton and Francis Valentine in 1932 who IC Pakistan only limited data is available regarding the effect of PVL gene on sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of both PVL positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Aims & Objectives: This study was conducted to understand the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of both PVL positive and PVL negative Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus samples received from various indoor and outdoor departments of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Place and duration of study: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Duration of study is one year after the approval of research topic. Material & Methods: A total of 384 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and soft tissue infections were identified and selected. Their antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by Kirby disc diffusion method using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Frequencies of PVL gene in MRSA and MSSA were 51% and 44% respectively. Frequency of PVL gene was also found to be high in Ciprofloxacin sensitive, Gentamicin sensitive, Erythromycin resistant and fusidic acid resistant isolates. Conclusion: Almost half of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found PVL positive. They were mostly multidrug resistant. The PVL positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed high resistance against antibiotics than PVL negative isolates

scholarly journals Microbiological Profile of Pin Tract Infections due to External Fixators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokkam Meher Krishna Priyanka ◽  
Devnikar V Anushka ◽  
Subramani Parimala ◽  
Seenappa Hariprasad
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Pin tract infections are complications associated with external fixators. Proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent further complications related to the infection. There are limited numbers of studies on this infection and thus treatment is usually based on individual’s experience. Therefore, this study was undertaken to have a better understanding of pin tract infections and to help us establish a treatment protocol in the hospital. Aim: To determine the incidence of pin tract infections among all patients who have external fixators, to identify the causative agents and study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in a tertiary hospital for patients who had external fixators. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from the patient, all patients were monitored and if there was clinical suspicion of infection, discharge/pus was collected from the infection site and processed in the microbiology laboratory as per standard laboratory protocol to isolate and identify the causative agent. Antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft excel 2010. Results: It was found that out of the 30 patients included in the study, six patients showed clinical evidence of pin tract infections with male preponderance. The most common isolate was Acinetobacter baumanii followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter koseri with variable antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Conclusion: Pin tract infection occurred in 20% of the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents complications which further reduces the cost of treatment and the number of days of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals EMERGENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN HOSPITAL FACILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anania Arjuna ◽  
Dinobandhu Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTObjective: Nosocomial infections or Hospital acquired infection (HAI) are one of the major threats to hospitalized patients as well as for the hospitalassociated personnel. In last few years there is a gross change in causative agents, new organisms have come out with great threat to hospitals as theypossess antibiotic resistance property e.g. production of biofilm, production of enzymes such as β- lactamases. Among many organisms, Acinetobacterbaumannii has emerged as a potent nosocomial pathogen. Our objective of this study was to find the burden of Acinetobacter baumannii infectionswhich are associated as nosocomial infections and to determine the drug of choice for an effective treatment.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from patients of different unit of the hospital by maintaining universal precautions and standardmicrobiological protocols. All the respective specimens were cultured in respective culture medium i.e. MacConkey agar, blood agar, chocolate agar,cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and, fluid thioglycolate (TG) medium at 37˚C for 24-48 hours. After incubation of 24-48 hours cultureplates were examined for bacterial growth and identification and antibiotic sensitivity test was made by Vitek2 compact.Result: The study was conducted at the department of microbiology from January 2016 to April 2016. A total of 2582 specimens were collected andprocessed for identification and sensitivity testing. Specimens of all age group (2 days- 93 years) and both sexes were processed for identificationof A. baumannii and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A total of 119 isolates (4.60%) of A. baumannii were obtained from 2582 clinical specimens. Themost common infection A. baumannii was found as lower respiratory tract infection (89.07%) followed by abscess (6.72%), septicaemia (2.52%),urinary tract infections (0.84%), and soft tissue infections (0.84%). The maximum sensitivity of A. baumannii isolates were seen to Colistin (CL) (119,100%), followed by Tigecycline (TGC) (63, 52.94%) and Minocycline (MIN) (27, 22.69%). The maximum resistant was observed for Imipenem (IMI),Aztreonam (AZT) and Ticarcillin- clavulanic acid (TIC) (119, 100%).Conclusion: The Gram- negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter baumannii poses a formidable threat to patients. It has emerged as a superbug inhospital environment particularly in ICU units. The chances of A. baumannii infections increase in the presence of iatrogenic factors like inadequatelong- term antibiotic therapy and new interventions in a medical facility. To control the burden of Acinetobacter infections new therapies suchas combine therapy must be obtained and followed with proper dose as recommend by physicians; along with awareness of the importance ofthis infection should be implicated. Proper sanitation, good housekeeping, sterilization of equipment, hand hygiene, water purification, isolationprocedures and maintaining of the hospital environment, use of infection control practices are some of the measures to control the transmission ofAcinetobacter spp. among hospital personnel.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Biofilm, β-lactamases, Hospital acquired infection.

scholarly journals Is Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever Changing in Kathmandu Valley?

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Subhana Karki ◽  
Bina Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Enteric fever is a public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella sp causing enteric fever is changing over time and also differs according to geographical location. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp is mandatory for management of enteric fever rationally. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp to commonly used antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken reviewing the records of blood isolates of Salmonella sp over one year period at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done following Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Salmonella typhi was found to be 100% resistance to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was also high. The resistance to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin was low. No resistance was found to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amikacin. However, among the sensitive isolates of Salmonella typhi intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime was reported to be high. Among the isolates of S paratyphi A, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 100% followed by 75% to ciprofloxacin. No resistance was found to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amikacin and low resistance to amoxicillin and ofloxacin. Among the sensitive isolates of S paratyphi A, majority of them were only moderately sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftazidime and about 1/3 of the organisms had only intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone. Conclusiion: Commonly used parenteral third generation cephalosporins, first line drugs like chloramphenicol and amoxicillin and ofloxacin among fluoroquinolones were found to be effective in vitro in treating enteric fever. However, Salmonella typhi was found to be highly resistant to the most frequently used drugs like ciprofloxacin and cefixime and Salmonella paratyphi A to ciprofloxacin. A comparative chart of antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric fever in children over 10 year period from different hospitals of Kathmandu valley is also presented in the study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6625 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 221-228

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