scholarly journals External Ventricular Drainage Infections: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Amit Pradhanang ◽  
Mohan R Sharma ◽  
Gopal Sedain ◽  
Sushil K Shilpakar
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Shunt Infection Rate

External Ventricular Drainage (EVD) related infection is one of the most dreaded infections in neurosurgical practice. The primary aim of this study was to assess the incidence of EVD infections in our hospital. In addition, we have made an attempt to evaluate the indication for EVD placement, influence of total drainage time in the risk of catheter infection, the most common bacterial spectra in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent EVD placement over a period of two years.Out of 60 patients who underwent EVD placement, 52 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The ventricular catheters were in place from 1 to 23 days. Overall shunt infection rate was 36.5%. CSF cell count significantly correlated with the occurrence of a positive CSF culture (unpaired t test, p<0.05). The most common bacterial species isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia cepacia.Despite many advances in care, there is still a significantly high incidence of EVD related infections. Contrary to earlier reports, the most common bacterial grown in our center were quite different and their antibiotic sensitivity varied accordingly.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:67-71, 2015  

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN CHILDREN OF OTITIS MEDIA WITH EAR DISCHARGE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Richa Sharma ◽  
Prashant Gupta ◽  
Anupam Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background-Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common childhood infections in pre-school aged children and a major cause of childhood morbidity. OM also represents the most frequent reason for antibiotic prescription in children. It is also the principal cause of childhood hearing loss in India. Objectives- We aimed to study the microbiological prole and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in children of otitis media with ear discharge in the tertiary care center in Lucknow and its application in the empirical treatment of otitis media. Methods: The study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018 on 150 children attending the ENT OPD and Microbiology Department having ear discharge. Ear discharge samples were taken from 150 children (both male and female). Direct gram staining, KOH microscopy, and susceptibility testing were carried out. Results: Among 150 cases, 10 cases were found to be of ASOM, and 140 of CSOM. Predominant organisms were Staphylococcus species (22.67%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.7%), and Escherichia coli (10.7%). . Among Staphylococcus aureus,55% were Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 45% were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Only 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated among 10 ASOM cases. Staphylococcus species were found to be 100% sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin, 80% to amikacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 53% to erythromycin, and 46% to clindamycin and levooxacin. 91% isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, 80% to cefepime, amikacin, and tobramycin, and 72% to gentamicin. Conclusion: The study of microbial patterns and their antibiotic sensitivity determines the prevalent bacterial organisms causing otitis media in children in the local area and to start empirical treatment of otitis media and its complications for successful outcome, thus to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

scholarly journals An observational study on peritoneal fluid bacteriology in cases of gastrointestinal perforations, antibiotic management and outcome in tertiary care center

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Kishore R. ◽  
K. Ashwin ◽  
S. B. Vasanth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Surgical Emergencies ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Management ◽  
Perforative Peritonitis

Background: Perforative peritonitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in India. Perforation of the intestines results in the potential for bacterial contamination resulting in peritonitis.Methods: A total of 65 patients (January 2018 to Dec 2018) who presented with features of perforative peritonitis admitted to various surgical units of PES institute of medical sciences, Kuppam were included in this study. The following study was conducted to analyze bacteriology of peritoneal fluid, to assess antibiotic sensitivity pattern, to assess its impact on morbidity, mortality pattern in these cases.Results: Males outnumbered females with a ratio of 4.9:1. The most common site of perforation was pre-pyloric part of stomach (35.3%), followed by an appendix (33.8%). Peritoneal fluid was negative for culture (21.5%) in the majority of cases. Culture was positive for E. coli in 27.6% of cases and Klebsiella in 18.4% of cases, respectively. Majority of the isolated strains were sensitive to cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides. Most common postoperative complications were wound infection, respiratory complications, death.Conclusions: Studies have shown that delay in management and treatment will affect the prognosis. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is initiated and changed accordingly with peritoneal fluid culture sensitivity reports. This may reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality. 

scholarly journals Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility study of pyodermas at a tertiary care center in central Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Manjunath Hulmani ◽  
Prabhakar Meti ◽  
JagannathKumar V.
Keyword(s):  
Skin Infection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistant Strains

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pyoderma is defined as a skin infection mainly caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes</em> or both. Pyoderma is a common skin infection in India and constitutes major portion of patients in dermatological clinics. Many cases nowadays do not respond to the antibiotics that were previously sensitive. In order to successfully treat cases of pyodermas, sound knowledge is necessary regarding the etiology and their sensitivity patterns. Objectives of this study were to determine clinico-epidemiological and etiological factors associated in patients with pyoderma and to find sensitivity pattern of isolated organisms to various antibiotics commonly used<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span>A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients </span>presenting with bacterial skin infections to the Dermatology out-patient department of a tertiary care centre in Central Karnataka. Clinical and epidemiological features were recorded on a predefined proforma.  Sterile swabs were used to collect the pus from the lesions under aseptic precaution. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated strains to different groups of drugs was tested on Muller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Primary pyodermas was seen more in the age group of 21-30 years (21%), followed by 31-40 years (19%).  Folliculitis (32%) was the commonest clinical type followed by furuncles (28%). Among the gram positive isolates, Vancomycin (88.24%), Linezolid (86.67%) and Cefoxitin (71%) were the most susceptible drugs, whereas Amoxicillin (92.86%) and penicillin G (88.37%) were the most resistant drugs<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pyodermas have been the major cause of morbidity since long. Even though pyoderma is a common condition, emerging multidrug resistant strains is of major concern to treat these conditions. Suitable and judicious selection of antibiotics by using antibiotic sensitivity data would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of surgical site infection following caesarean section in a tertiary care center of Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
Avinashi Kujur
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: It is one of the most common surgery practiced in present era in obstetric population it has led to rise in postoperative morbidity in the form of surgical site infection (SSI). It not only burdens the health system but it also puts a serious negative impact on patient’s life. The present study is aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and the microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity pattern for SSI following caesarean section in our institute.Methods: The study is prospective, descriptive study carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru medical college, Raipur between May 2019 and April 2020.Results: Out of the 1215 participants who underwent caesarean section, 251 patients had SSI, with incidence of 20.6% among them superficial SSI (n=154) was 61.3% while deep SSI (n=75) 29.8% and 8.7% (n=22) organ/space SSI. Gram positive organism was highest isolated from superficial SSI 66.2% while from deep SSI and organ/space SSI gram positive organism isolated was 45.2% and 54.2% respectively, gram negative organisms were maximum isolated from organ/space SSI 40.9%followed by deep and superficial SSI 36% and 34.4% respectively. Most isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins, gentamycin and amoxicillin; moderately resistant to fluoroquinolones and highly sensitive to vancomycin, carbapenem and linezolid.Conclusions: Our tertiary centre had post caesarean SSI rate of 20.6% which was high. By analyzing the microbiological and sensitivity pattern we can use evidenced-based sensitive antibiotics to be commenced initially when wound infection is identified in our wards while awaiting the result of wound swab microscopy, culture and sensitivity (48-72 hours), to individualize our antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative antibiotic protocol policy to reduce the further complications.

scholarly journals Study of Culture and Sensitivity Pattern In Urinary Tract Infections in A Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Binod Chapagain ◽  
Parshal Bhandari ◽  
Binod Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections

The main purpose of this study was to find out the causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) and their culture and antibiotic sensitivity in patients visiting Tribhuvan University and Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A retrospective study conducted among 155 patients, aged from 25-50 years with culture-positive UTI, who visited TUTH from 1st April 2017 to 30th September 2017. A culture of midstream urine was done to find out causative agents and their antibiotic sensitivity performed. Data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel 2016. Female were more affected than males. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common microbes causing UTI in 53% patients. Most of the isolates on culture were Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strains to comprise 52%. Of the total gram-negative organisms, 33.9% were Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 3.57% were Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producers. 29.41% of Staphylococcus were resistant to methicillin. E.coli is the most common organism causing UTI among adults. Multidrug-resistant has appeared alarming with resistant to most of the first line antibiotics.

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

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