Chlorpyrifos impaired cerebellar oxidative and cholinesterase activities in rats: Mitigating efficacy of Nigella sativa Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Aminu Imam ◽  
Barakat Oyindamola Salaudeen ◽  
Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole ◽  
Asma'u Shehu Muhammad ◽  
Christianah Oyegbola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Nissl Stain

Background: Motor dysfunctions are some of the characteristic symptoms of organophosphate (OP) poisoning and they have been associated with decreased levels of cholinesterase inhibition within motor areas of the brain. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in alleviating chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced toxicity in the cerebella and motor cortices of the rat brains using combined behavioural, biochemical and histochemical methods. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats per group), exposed to 1ml/kg of normal saline, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF, 14.9 mg/kg of CPF plus 1ml/kg of NSO and 1ml/kg of NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. The rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT) on day 13 of the experiment. This experimental test measured locomotor activity levels (line crossing frequency (LCF)) and exploratory (rearing frequency (RF)) activities in the rats studied. The rats were euthanized on day 15 of the experiment and the brains were subsequently excised. The cerebella cortices of five brains were removed and homogenised to analyse for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The motor and cerebella cortices from three other brains in each group were processed for histology (Nissl stain) and proliferative activity (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Results: Rats exposed to CPF experienced a significant increase in cerebella NO and ROS levels, depletion in AChE activity, neurogenic cells loss and subsequent reduction in locomotor and exploratory behaviours respectively (LCF and RF). However, interventional treatment with NSO depleted markers of oxidative damage (NO and ROS), reduced AChE inhibition, preserved neurogenic (Ki67) cells distribution and motor functions. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential efficacy of NSO in OP poisoning and the roles of neurogenic and oxidative functions in the pathophysiology and treatment of motor dysfunction in OP neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cholinesterase inhibition activity of birds inhabiting pesticide exposed croplands and protected area in hot semi-arid region of Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Umar ◽  
M. Hussain ◽  
S. K. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Brain Cholinesterase ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity levels can be used as an indicator for AChE inhibition due to pesticide poisoning in bird species. We assessed the comparative brain cholinesterase (AChE) activity level of five bird species inhabiting pesticide exposed croplands and Protected Area i.e. Deva Vatala National Park (DVNP), Bhimber by using a spectrophotometric method. AChE activity levels ranged from 56.3 to 85.9 µmol/min/g of brain tissue of birds representing DVNP. However, AChE activity levels ranged from 27.6 to 79.9 µmol/min/g of brain tissue of birds representing croplands. AChE activity levels observed in Jungle babbler, Common babbler, and Red-vented bulbul showed significant differences (P < 0.05) at two sites. However, White wagtail and Black drongo demonstrated non-significant differences (P > 0.05). Maximum inhibition was recorded in Jungle babbler (53%) followed by Common babbler (35%), Red-vented bulbul (18%), White wagtail (15%), and Black drongo (7%). The brain cholinesterase inhibition levels under-protected ecosystems (DVNP, Bhimber) and agricultural landscape suggest insecticidal contamination and its impact on avifauna diversity. The study also emphasizes on the importance of pesticide-free zones to protect the biodiversity of birds.

The protective effect of Nigella Sativa oil extract against neurotoxicity induced by Valproic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 5474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Mahmoud Morsy ◽  
Ghada Mohamed Safwat ◽  
Doaa Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Reem Mohamed Samy
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Liver Lipid Peroxidation

Nigella sativa (NS), commonly known as black cumin, has been used for medicinal purposes. Traditionally the seeds and its oil are used in several diseases. The greatest part of the remedial properties of this plant is due to the presence of thymoquinone (TQ) which is a major active chemical component of the essential oil. The current study performed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa Oil (NSO) extract on the neurotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials from Valproic acid (VPA) administration. Also we summarize recent findings emphasizing the role of main neurotoxic and hepatotoxic markers and oxidative stress in study’s case. Neurotoxicity was induced by VPA at dose of (500 mg/kg b.wt) by gastric intubation daily for 30 day. These rats received NSO extract was given orally at dose of (0.5 ml/kg b.wt) daily for 30 days after VPA administration. The current results revealed that NSO extract treatment ameliorated significantly the elevated levels of the neurotoxic and hepatotoxic biomarkers which elevated as a result to VPA administration. Moreover, NSO extract treatment ameliorated the non-enzymatic antioxidant, brain and liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) concentration and the enzymatic antioxidant, brain and liver catalase(CAT) activity.

scholarly journals Protective effects of Nigella sativa oil against carboplatin-induced liver damage in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuleyha Erisgin ◽  
Melahat Atasever ◽  
Kadir Cetinkaya ◽  
Saadet Özen Akarca Dizakar ◽  
Suna Omeroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil

scholarly journals Effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnah M.A. Alsuhaibani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nigella Sativa Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Nigella Sativa Seed

In this study, the gross composition and mineral content of Nigella sativa seed powder (NSP) and fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) were investigated. The ability of NSP, extract (NSE) and NSO in reducing the effects of cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. The obtained results showed that NSP contains high amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber while NSO has higher amounts of linoleicacid, oleic acid, and myristic acid. Rats treated with NSP, NSO, and NSE exhibitedreducedserum levels of urea, creatinine, and potassium, and a significant increase of Na, Na/K, vitamin D, nutritional markers, and antioxidant enzymes compared to the cisplatin-induced renal toxicity group receiving no Nigella sativa seed treatment. This study determined that all powder, oil, and extracts of N. sativa contain potent bioactive components that may aid in treatment against cisplatininduced renal toxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Ceftriaxone therapy attenuates brain trauma in rats by affecting glutamate transporters and neuroinflammation and not by its antibacterial effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher-Wei Lim ◽  
Hui-Chen Su ◽  
Tee-Tau Eric Nyam ◽  
Chung-Ching Chio ◽  
Jinn-Rung Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background Ceftriaxone is a β-lactam antibiotic used to treat central nervous system infections. Whether the neuroprotective effects of ceftriaxone after TBI are mediated by attenuating neuroinflammation but not its antibacterial actions is not well established. Methods Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + ceftriaxone groups. Ceftriaxone was intraperitoneally injected at 0, 24, and 48 h with 50 or 250 mg/kg/day after TBI. During the first 120 min after TBI, we continuously measured heart rate, arterial pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure. The infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. Motor function was measured using the inclined plane. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), neuronal apoptosis and TNF-α expression in the perilesioned cortex were investigated using an immunofluorescence assay. Bacterial evaluation was performed by Brown and Brenn’s Gram staining. These parameters above were measured at 72 h after TBI. Results Compared with the TBI + vehicle group, the TBI + ceftriaxone 250 mg/kg group showed significantly lower ICP, improved motor dysfunction, reduced body weight loss, decreased infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis, decreased TBI-induced microglial activation and TNF-α expression in microglia, and increased GLT-1 expression in neurons and microglia. However, the grades of histopathological changes of antibacterial effects are zero. Conclusions The intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone with 250 mg/kg/day for three days may attenuate TBI by increasing GLT-1 expression and reducing neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, thereby resulting in an improvement in functional outcomes, and this neuroprotective effect is not related to its antibacterial effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document