scholarly journals Analysis of Pap smears in a cytopathology lab of a teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Reetu Sharma Baral
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods: A retrospective study of 470 Pap smears based on laboratory record was done from September 2019 to April 2020 at B and C Medical College Teaching Hospital, Birtamod, Jhapa, Nepal. Descriptive analysis performed using MS Excel and SPSS 16. Results: Out of 470 analyzable data 2.55% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 30-49 age group and 0.21% were detected as carcinoma. Mean age of women was 39.2±10.5 years. Age distribution follows the normal Gaussian curve. Age group of 30-60 years consists of four-fifth (75.5%, n=355) and Two-third of cases (66.4%, n=312) were of age group 30-49 years. Conclusions: Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation. Keywords: cancer, cervix, intraepithelial lesion, Pap smear, screening

scholarly journals Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sharma ◽  
GN Baral ◽  
G Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normality Test

Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods: A retrospective study of 4800 Pap smears based on laboratory database was done from 2008 to 2011 at Helping Hands Community Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Graphical method was used for normality test and frequency analysis was done using SPSS 16. Results: Out of 4794 analysable data 4.21% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 51-65 age group and 0.06% were detected as carcinoma. Age group of 30-65 years covers four-fifth of the samples (3811, 79.4%) and 85.6% of abnormal cytology (173 out of 202) with maximum samples (3313, 69%) at 30-50 years and 55.44% of abnormal cytology. Only 5.4% of samples categorized as inadequate by Bethesda reporting system. Age wise distribution of samples produced near normal Gaussian curve. Conclusions: Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i1.11182 NJOG 2014 Jan-Jun; 2(1):21-25

scholarly journals Histopathological study of non neoplastic lesion in cervix at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar Jha ◽  
Mrinalini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Simple Screening

Introduction: Like in other developing countries non –neoplastic region of cervix in pap smear is most common findings. In Nepal... In Nepal cervical pap-smear screening is not done my most of woman due to lack of aware­ness. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of non-neoplastic lesion of cervix. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 486 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology. The time period was from March 2015 to May 2018. We used Bethesda system to report our all our slides. All the cases were reviewed by consultant pathologist of Birat medical college. This research is done according to rule of BMCTH. Results: Total cases were 486 in two years period in which 456 cases were satisfactory for evaluation and 30 cases were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degen­erative cells and hemorrhage. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 80 years with an average age of 35.5 years. Non specific inflammatory smear is 440 that is 90.53%, Bacterial vaginosis is 10 that is 2.05%, Candidiasis is 04 that is 0.82% and trichomonas vagenalis is 02 that is 0.41%. Conclusion: Simple screening test like cervical papanicolaou smear (Pap)can detect the non-neoplastic lesion of cervix. If non-neoplatic lesion of cervix is not treated as soon as possible than the chances of being infertility, salpingitis and even neoplasia is more. So non-neoplastic lesion of cervix is as important as neoplastic lesion of cervix.

scholarly journals Cytological screening for cervical cancer in women of reproductive age group

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5464
Author(s):  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Anagha J. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells of cervix uteri. It is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, affecting about 16 per 1,00,000 women each year.Methods: A cross sectional study of 400 women of reproductive age group (21-49 years) attending Lady Goschen Hospital and KMC Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore was conducted, and women were screened for the presence of cervical cancer by Pap smear. The results were analyzed with respect to age distribution, age at marriage, parity, symptoms and per-speculum findings. Pregnant women and women with active infection of the genital tract were excluded from the study population.Results: The age range was 21 to 49 years. Mean age was 38.14 years. Of the 400 women, 398 were married and majority of these, 237 (59.5%), got married between 21-25 years. Menstrual irregularity was the most common presenting symptom, 150/400 (37.5%). Abnormal per speculum findings were seen in 102/400 (25.5%). 17 of 400 Pap smears were abnormal, of which 1 (0.25%) was AG-FN, 2 ASCUS (0.5%), 3 (0.75%) ASC-H, 1 (0.25%) LSIL, 7 (1.75%) HSIL and 3 (0.75%) SCC. Mean age for cancer cervix patients was 42.33 years.Conclusions: Pap smear screening, which appears to be the most feasible and affordable mode for control of carcinoma cervix in developing countries like India, should be carried out in all women of reproductive age group.

scholarly journals A study of gastrointestinal tumors at kathmandu medical college teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1285-1288
Author(s):  
Sailesh Bahadur Pradhan ◽  
Binita Pradhan ◽  
Sailuja Maharjan ◽  
Prabin Bikram Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Gastrointestinal tract tumour is responsible for more cancers and death than any other cancers.  The tumour in GIT include the tumour of the Oral cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Biliary tree.Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among all the gastrointestinal tract tumours specimens received for histopathological examination in between January 2016 to June 2017 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. All tumors diagnosed either benign or malignant were included in this study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee in KMCTH.Results: Colorectum was found to be the most commonly involved site for malignant lesion comprising 40.2% among all malignant lesions followed by stomach comprising 28.6%. Malignancy was found to be more prevalent among male with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 in colorectal region and 1.4:1 in stomach cancers. Regarding benign lesions (polyps), rectum was found to be the commonest site (57.5%), followed by colon (20.0%) and stomach, the least common site.Malignant lesions were more common among the age group of 51-60 years (37.66%) with 70.13% above 50 years. Benign lesions were also found to be the most common above 50 years comprising 40.0 percent.Conclusion: Rectum & colon was found to be the most commonly involved site for both malignant and benign lesion. Malignancy is more prevalent among male and common above 50 years of age. However, malignant cases noted in the adult age group are a matter of great concern.

scholarly journals An Overview of Sexual Assault Cases in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelu Hirachan ◽  
D Limbu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Genital Injuries

Background: Sexual assault is defined as any sexual act performed by one (or more) person(s) on another without consent. It may include the use of threat or force. In some cases, the person cannot give consent to sex because he/she is unconscious or otherwise incapacitated. A person may be raped by a stranger, an acquaintance or date or a family member.Methods: The study was a retrospective and descriptive analysis of cases of sexual assault victims examined by the author in the Forensic Medicine departments at Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj and Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal over a period of four years (2012 to 2016). This includes information regarding the age group of the victim at the time of sexual abuse, relationship of the victim to the perpetrator, genital and extra-genital injuries present over the victim’s body and number of cases attended as an expert witness by the author in various courts of Nepal.Results: In the four years period, a total number of 55 cases were examined as sexual assault cases. It was observed that majority were of the 13 - 15 years of age group (46%) followed by <10 years (20%), 16 - 20 years (16%), >20 years (11%) and 10 - 12 years (7%). Regarding the relationship of the victim to the alleged perpetrator, 87% cases (48 out of 55) were related to acquaintances compared to 13% due to strangers. Surprisingly, 3.6% cases (2 out of 48) were due to the biological fathers of the victims. On physical examination of the victim’s body, 36% cases showed genital injuries compared to only 15% with extra genital injuries. The author attended the court as an expert witness in 33% of these cases. Only 7% of the cases were mentally challenged.Conclusion: Young adults remain the most vulnerable group, so education related to sex, morality, humanity and different life skills training should be provided to these groups from their school years itself. The benefits of early intervention and comprehensive care of survivors with the use of standardized protocols along with shorter and lesser traumatic period of court processing to the survivors of these cases should be encouraged.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Volume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 43-46

Pap Hub: A system to improve compliance with pap smear screening guidelines in a large health care system.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Deanna Gek Koon Teoh ◽  
Lisa A. Fall ◽  
Erin A. Beitelspacher ◽  
Charles W. Lais
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

193 Background: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer worldwide, but is third in the U.S. due to pap smear screening. However, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines are complex and frequently changed, resulting in guideline adherence as low as 33-44%. We describe a centralized pap smear tracking system (“pap hub”) and report preliminary results. Methods: On 1/1/13 we implemented the pap hub, routing all screening pap smear results to a dedicated OB/Gyn nursing staff with a new Epic workbench. Epic Health Maintenance Modifier updated to recommend pap smears for women age 21-65 years (not younger or older per guidelines). Screening Pap/HPV results auto routed to Pap Pool Epic inbasket (not to individual providers). Centralized nurse reviews results alongside past pap results on Pathology flowsheet in Epic If normal Normal history -> appropriate follow-up interval per screening guidelines If abnormal history -> repeat pap as determined by previous history and treatment If abnormal -> manage per ASCCP guidelines Document plan in Epic Result Note Update Epic problems list If Normal: document “Pap Hub Normal History” If Abnormal: document “Pap Hub Abnormal History” with specifics in Overview History Communicate results/plan to the patient. Update Health Maintenance Modifier with next step. Review abnormal results to ensure proper follow-up, with reminders as indicated. Results: Guideline recommendations against pap smears for patients <21 years and >65 years have not changed since 2009. Comparison of first-quarter data for 2010 (pre-Pap Hub) to 2013 (post-Pap Hub) have shown a 63.86% reduction in pap smears in women <21 years. Pap smears in women >65 years has always been low, but has decreased slightly from 2.4% of all pap smears in 2010 to 1.5% of all pap smears in 2013. The 2012 ASCCP guidelines have changed recommended pap smear frequency and abnormal pap smear follow-up, and compliance with these new recommendations is being collected. Conclusions: Pap smear screening has decreased the incidence of invasive cervical cancer in the United States. The Pap Hub, a centralized pap smear tracking system, improves compliance with pap smear screening guidelines.

Prevalence and Predictors of Cervical Cytological (Pap Smear) Abnormalities Among HIV-infected Women at the HIV Treatment Center of Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Akindele Silas ◽  
Philip O. Akpa ◽  
Tolulope O. Afolaranmi ◽  
Samuel Robsam Ohayi ◽  
Jonah Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Women With Hiv

Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women living with HIV with the highest burden in sub-Sahara African countries with the highest prevalence of HIV. Early detection of precursor cervical lesions through routine Pap smear screening is central to cervical cancer prevention. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of abnormal Pap smear findings among women with HIV in our cervical cancer screening program. Methodology: We carried out a cross sectional study of adult women with HIV who presented for Pap smear test for the first time at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, North Central Nigeria between November2018 and January 2020. Prevalence of abnormal cervical finding was reported in percentage and also expressed per 100 population of women. The effects of the characteristics of the women of the abnormal pap smear finding was determined using the logistic regression model where 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds were used as point and interval estimates respectively while a probability value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 949 women with HIV participated in the cervical screening program with mean age 43.3 ± 8.1 years. Abnormal smear findings were observed among 183 (19.3%: 19 cases per 100 women) with ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, HSIL with suspicion of invasion and AGUS accounting for 96 (10.1%), 50(5.3%), 27 (2.9%), 6 (0.6%), 2 (0.2%) and 2(0.2%) respectively. Of the abnormal smear findings, 125 (68.3%) were adjudged to have mild cytological feature while the complementing proportion adjudged to have severe cytological features. Unadjusted odds of abnormal Pap smear result was associated with increasing age, OR 1.15(95% CI 1.127, 1.186; p = 0.001); parity, OR1.08 (95% CI 1.019, 1.141; p = 0.009). In the adjusted model, increasing age remained the only factor predicting abnormal Pap smear finding. Conclusion: Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear results remains high in HIV- infected women and is associated with increasing age. Advocacy to institutionalize screening at earlier age is therefore key to improving dismal outcomes.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

Potential coverage of circulating HPV types by current and developing vaccines in a group of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina with abnormal Pap smears

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2612
Author(s):  
I. SALIMOVIĆ-BEŠIĆ ◽  
M. HUKIĆ
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Hpv 18

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in a group of Bosnian-Herzegovinian women with abnormal cytology and to assess their potential coverage by vaccines. HPVs were identified by multiplex real-time PCR test (HPV High Risk Typing Real-TM; Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy) of 105 women with an abnormal cervical Pap smear and positive high-risk (HR) HPV DNA screening test. The most common genotypes in the study were HPV-16 (32·6%, 48/147), HPV-31 (14·3%, 21/147), HPV-51 (9·5%, 14/147) and HPV-18 (7·5%, 11/147). The overall frequency of HR HPV-16 and/or HPV-18, covered by currently available vaccines [Gardasil® (Merck & Co., USA) and Cervarix®; (GlaxoSmithKline, UK)] was lower than the overall frequency of other HPVs detected in the study (40·1%, 59/174,P= 0·017). Group prevalence of HR HPVs targeted by a nine-valent vaccine in development (code-named V503) was higher than total frequency of other HPVs detected (68·0%, 100/147,P< 0·001). Development of cervical cytological abnormalities was independent of the presence of multiple infections (χ2= 0·598,P= 0·741). Compared to other HPVs, dependence of cervical diagnosis and HPV-16, -18 (P= 0·008) and HPV-16, -18, -31 (P= 0·008) infections were observed. Vaccines targeting HR HPV-16, -18 and -31 might be an important tool in the prevention of cervical disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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