scholarly journals Analysis of Pap Smear Database in a Community Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Sharma ◽  
GN Baral ◽  
G Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normality Test

Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods: A retrospective study of 4800 Pap smears based on laboratory database was done from 2008 to 2011 at Helping Hands Community Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Graphical method was used for normality test and frequency analysis was done using SPSS 16. Results: Out of 4794 analysable data 4.21% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 51-65 age group and 0.06% were detected as carcinoma. Age group of 30-65 years covers four-fifth of the samples (3811, 79.4%) and 85.6% of abnormal cytology (173 out of 202) with maximum samples (3313, 69%) at 30-50 years and 55.44% of abnormal cytology. Only 5.4% of samples categorized as inadequate by Bethesda reporting system. Age wise distribution of samples produced near normal Gaussian curve. Conclusions: Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i1.11182 NJOG 2014 Jan-Jun; 2(1):21-25

scholarly journals Analysis of Pap smears in a cytopathology lab of a teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Reetu Sharma Baral
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Aims: This study was done to find out age wise distribution pattern, cellular abnormality and adequacy of Pap smears. Methods: A retrospective study of 470 Pap smears based on laboratory record was done from September 2019 to April 2020 at B and C Medical College Teaching Hospital, Birtamod, Jhapa, Nepal. Descriptive analysis performed using MS Excel and SPSS 16. Results: Out of 470 analyzable data 2.55% had abnormal cytology, all high-grade lesions were in 30-49 age group and 0.21% were detected as carcinoma. Mean age of women was 39.2±10.5 years. Age distribution follows the normal Gaussian curve. Age group of 30-60 years consists of four-fifth (75.5%, n=355) and Two-third of cases (66.4%, n=312) were of age group 30-49 years. Conclusions: Pap samples were normally distributed by age. Test requisition forms lack adequate clinical information. Even the inadequately sampled Pap smears were satisfactory for evaluation. Keywords: cancer, cervix, intraepithelial lesion, Pap smear, screening

Potential coverage of circulating HPV types by current and developing vaccines in a group of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina with abnormal Pap smears

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2612
Author(s):  
I. SALIMOVIĆ-BEŠIĆ ◽  
M. HUKIĆ
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Hpv 18

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in a group of Bosnian-Herzegovinian women with abnormal cytology and to assess their potential coverage by vaccines. HPVs were identified by multiplex real-time PCR test (HPV High Risk Typing Real-TM; Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy) of 105 women with an abnormal cervical Pap smear and positive high-risk (HR) HPV DNA screening test. The most common genotypes in the study were HPV-16 (32·6%, 48/147), HPV-31 (14·3%, 21/147), HPV-51 (9·5%, 14/147) and HPV-18 (7·5%, 11/147). The overall frequency of HR HPV-16 and/or HPV-18, covered by currently available vaccines [Gardasil® (Merck & Co., USA) and Cervarix®; (GlaxoSmithKline, UK)] was lower than the overall frequency of other HPVs detected in the study (40·1%, 59/174,P= 0·017). Group prevalence of HR HPVs targeted by a nine-valent vaccine in development (code-named V503) was higher than total frequency of other HPVs detected (68·0%, 100/147,P< 0·001). Development of cervical cytological abnormalities was independent of the presence of multiple infections (χ2= 0·598,P= 0·741). Compared to other HPVs, dependence of cervical diagnosis and HPV-16, -18 (P= 0·008) and HPV-16, -18, -31 (P= 0·008) infections were observed. Vaccines targeting HR HPV-16, -18 and -31 might be an important tool in the prevention of cervical disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Cytomorphometric Analysis of Cervical Papanicolaou Smear for Females with Gynecological Clinical Complaints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Sahar Osman ◽  
Ehab Elmadenah ◽  
Osman Elmahi ◽  
Mubarak Alkarsani ◽  
Lienda Eltayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Limited information is provided on the quantitative cytomorphometric study of the cervical Pap test. The cervical Pap test is an important screening program for cervical cancer. A quantitative cytomorphometric examination of cervical Pap is used to accurately identify precancerous and cancerous lesions early and to reduce the occurrence and avoidance of invasive cancer. This study was aimed to assess the cytomorphological parameters (nuclear diameter [ND], cytoplasm diameter [CD], and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio [N/C ratio]) of squamous epithelial cells from a cervical Pap smear. Methods and Results: A prospective study was performed on 142 consecutive cervical Pap smears from women with gynecological clinical complaints. The ND and CD were determined by the Optika optical microscope camera using a digitizer cursor in both axes. The final images were taken with an X40 magnification. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were then measured and expressed in micrometers. The women were classified into 5 age groups: 5(3.5%) in the age group of <19 years, 46(32%) in the 20-29 group, 67(47.2%) in the 30-39 group, 23(16.2%) in the 40-49 group, and 1(0.7%) woman was over age 50. There were no significant differences in the N/C ratio of superficial cells between age groups. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were significantly higher in women with clinical complaints than in women without clinical complaints Conclusion: Cytomorphometic analysis might assist in the identification of cellular alterations due to gynecological diseases and increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the Pap smear technique.

scholarly journals Point-of-care digital cytology with artificial intelligence for cervical cancer screening at a peripheral clinic in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Holmstrom ◽  
Nina Linder ◽  
Harrison Kaingu ◽  
Ngali Mbuuko ◽  
Jumaa Mbete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Predictive Values

Cervical cancer is highly preventable but remains a common and deadly cancer in areas without screening programmes. Pap smear analysis is the most commonly used screening method but is labour-intensive, subjective and requires access to medical experts. We developed a diagnostic system in which microscopy samples are digitized at the point-of-care (POC) and analysed by a cloud-based deep-learning system (DLS) and evaluated the system for the detection of cervical cell atypia in Pap smears at a peripheral clinic in Kenya. A total of 740 conventional Pap smears were collected, digitized with a portable slide scanner and uploaded over mobile networks to a cloud server for training and validation of the system. In total, 16,133 manually-annotated image regions where used for training of the DLS. The DLS achieved a high average sensitivity (97.85%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 83.95-99.75%) and area under the curve (AUCs) (0.95) for the detection of cervical-cellular atypia, compared to the pathologist assessment of digital and physical slides. Specificity was higher for high-grade atypia (95.9%; 95% CI 94.9-97.6%) than for low-grade atypia (84.2%; 95% CI 79.9-87.9%). Negative predictive values were high (99.3-100%), and no samples classified as high grade by manual sample analysis had false-negative assessments by the DLS. The study shows that advanced digital microscopy diagnostics supported by machine learning algorithms is implementable in rural, resource-constrained areas, and can achieve a diagnostic accuracy close to the level of highly trained experts.

scholarly journals Comparison between Thin Prep® Preparation (Liquid Based Cytology) and Conventional Pap Smears of Cervical Smear Cytology Lesions – A Study from Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 1611-1615
Author(s):  
Premalatha A. ◽  
Velayutham Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Pap Method

BACKGROUND The major cause of mortality among women is cancer of the uterine cervix. It is the second most common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is done as a method of cervical screening to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Early detection of these lesions prevent the number of deaths from cervical cancer. Liquid based cervical cytology was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pap smears. The main purpose of this study was to compare the profile of distribution of cervical smear cytology lesions obtained by thin prep preparation (liquid based cytology) and conventional pap method among women in the age group of 25 – 60 yrs. METHODS This is a cross sectional study done among 110 women from the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conventional and liquid based cytology smears were taken simultaneously from the same women and reported according to the 2001 Bethesda system. RESULTS Majority of the women included in this study fall in the age group of 41 - 50 years [65 (59.1 %)]. Women with a history of persistant vaginal infection were 13 (11.8 %). Out of the 110 pap smears taken by both conventional and liquid based methods, unsatisfactory smears were not detected in liquid based cytology and 6 (5.5 %) unsatisfactory smears were found in conventional pap method. In liquid based cytology, inflammatory smears were detected more (80 %), atrophic smears (2.7 %), smears with features of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 4.5 %, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were 3.6 %, and smears with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were 0.9 %. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found to be high in liquid based cytology. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal epithelial lesions were detected more in liquid based cytology (thin prep method). The number of unsatisfactory smears were found to be decreased when compared to conventional pap method. KEY WORDS Bethesda Cervical Cytology, Cervical intraepithelial lesion, Conventional Pap Smear, Liquid Based Cytology Smear

AN INSTITUTION-BASED DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY IN PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Devendu Bose ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Bejoy Chand Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world. It accounts for 9%-13% of all cancers in females. Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death among women in developing countries. Aim: To study the role of Pap smear in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix; and to determine the prevalence of various lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in pathology department of Shaheed Nirmal Mahato Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand from January 2017 to December 2020 on patients meeting the mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 3591 Pap smears were studied with respect to age group, clinical signs and symptoms, and cytology ndings. Most of the patients were in age group of 31–40 (44.30%) years. The Pap smear ndings revealed 35.90% as mild dysplasia (Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion- LSIL/CIN-I) , 14.81% as moderate to severe dysplasia (High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL/CIN-II,CIN-III), 0.29% as invasive carcinoma(suspected) besides 51% showed Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy ( Inammatory lesion as 44.70% and 6.30% as normal cytology. Mean age of the patients with diagnosis of LSIL was 30.3 years and for HSIL, it was 39.5 years. Conclusion: Premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix are not uncommon in our set up and cervical cytology by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions. Nonspecic inammation and Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were most common nding among different age groups.

Atypical Findings on Cervicovaginal Smears Correlate with Cervical Involvement by Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors of the Uterus

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Z. Hanley ◽  
Gabriela Oprea-Ilies ◽  
Claudia Ormenisan ◽  
Shabnam Seydafkan ◽  
Marina B. Mosunjac
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Atypical Glandular Cells ◽  
Abnormal Pap Tests ◽  
Cervical Involvement

Objective: A malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) is a high-grade neoplasm commonly arising from the uterus. Patients present with bleeding and a mass protruding from the cervix. This study was designed to correlate Papanicolaou (Pap) smear findings with histological findings in women diagnosed with MMMT. Study Design: Women diagnosed with MMMT were identified. Preoperative Pap tests were correlated with histological findings. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between abnormal Pap tests and histological findings. Results: Forty patients with MMMT were included in the study. Age ranged from 37-85 years and tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 21 cm. In presurgical Pap tests (4 conventional and 36 liquid based), 11 smears (27.5%) were diagnosed as negative, 5 (12.5%) as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 6 (15%) as atypical glandular cells, 16 (40%) as malignant and 2 (5%) as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Malignant cells detected on Pap smears showed a strong correlation with endocervical involvement by MMMT (p = 0.002). Larger tumors were more likely to involve the cervix (p = 0.0115). Conclusions: The Pap test can predict cervical involvement by MMMT. On Pap smears, MMMT cells showed no correlation with other adverse histological features (lymphovascular invasion, myoinvasion or adnexal involvement).

Abnormal Pap Smear

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Farid
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression

Since the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear became implemented as a screening tool for cervical cancer, the mortality from cervical cancer has sharply declined in the United States. The discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent in the progression from dysplasia of the cervix to cervical cancer has changed the types of screening offered to women and the management of abnormal Pap smears. The management of abnormal Pap smears has changed depending on the age of the woman, with women under the age of 24 years being managed more conservatively given the low rates of cervical cancer in this age group and the high rates of regression of HPV and cytologic abnormalities. Colposcopy remains the first line in evaluation of an abnormal Pap smear, with excisional treatment reserved for high-grade dysplasias with a high risk of progression to cervical cancer. Treatment for cervical dysplasia is highly effective, but even after treatment, there is an increased risk of recurrence or progression to cervical cancer for up to 25 years, and these women should be followed closely.  This review contains 18 figures, 3 tables, and 43 references. Key words: cervical cancer screening, high-grade cervical dysplasia, human papillomavirus, low-grade cervical dysplasia, management of abnormal Pap smears, Pap smear, recurrence of cervical dysplasia, treatment of dysplasia

Cervical Cancer Screening

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Farid
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade

Since the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear became implemented as a screening tool for cervical cancer, the mortality from cervical cancer has sharply declined in the United States. The discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent in the progression from dysplasia of the cervix to cervical cancer has changed the types of screening offered to women and the management of abnormal Pap smears. The management of abnormal Pap smears has changed depending on the age of the woman, with women under the age of 24 years being managed more conservatively given the low rates of cervical cancer in this age group and the high rates of regression of HPV and cytologic abnormalities. Colposcopy remains the first line in evaluation of an abnormal Pap smear, with excisional treatment reserved for high-grade dysplasias with a high risk of progression to cervical cancer. Treatment for cervical dysplasia is highly effective, but even after treatment, there is an increased risk of recurrence or progression to cervical cancer for up to 20 years, and these women should be followed closely. This review contains 18 figures, 3 tables and 53 references Key words: cervical cancer screening, high-grade cervical dysplasia, human papillomavirus, low-grade cervical dysplasia, management of abnormal Pap smears, Pap smear, recurrence of cervical dysplasia, treatment of dysplasia

Low Utility in Colposcopy-directed Biopsies for Non-high Grade Cytological Abnormalities on PAP Smear

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Eronmwon E. Gbinigie ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
Maggie Tetrokalashvili
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cytologic Abnormalities ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Clinicians commonly perform colposcopy directed biopsies on patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on PAP cytology even when not consistent with clinical guidelines. Objective: We study the association of PAP cytology screening results with cervical intra-epithelia neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by colposcopy-directed biopsy. Methods: A retrospective study of 263 women with an abnormality on the PAP smear. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with predictors of PAP cytology screening results with the outcome variable of colposcopy-directed biopsy. Results: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had significantly increased relative risk for CIN 2-3 (RR: 9.85, 95% CI: 1.84, 52.79, p=0.008). LSIL was not significantly associated with CIN 2-3. In the comparisons of negative with CIN-1, both HSIL and LSIL were not significantly associated with a negative biopsy. Conclusion: HSIL is associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3 while LSIL is not associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3. We do not recommend routine biopsies in patients with LSIL cytologic abnormalities unless additional compelling factors exist.

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