Demographic Profile and Risk Factors for Dry Eye

Introduction: Dry eye is a disorder of the tear film which occurs due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation. It causes damage to the interpalpebral ocular surface and is associated with a variety of symptoms reflecting ocular discomfort.Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study conducted to study the demography of dry eye patients and associated attributable risk factors for the disease. Every patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of dry eye was given a questionnaire, as per Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study and thorough ocular examination was done along with two tests for dry eye i.e Schirmer test I measuring less than 10mm and Tear film break up time measuring less than 10 sec. Final data analysis was done using statistical tool SPSS.Results: Demographic profile revealed a female preponderance in the patients with a ratio of 1.9:1. Amongst them, prevalence of premenopausal age was 53%. Dry eye was found to be more common in age group between 30 to 40 years (29%). The modifiable attributable risk factors were urban residence (67%), exposure to air condition and computer user (52%), indoor workers (59%), and environmental pollutants (60%).Conclusions: This study revealed the patients who presented with dry eye were mostly female of premenopausal age group, and exposed to modifiable risk factors which included residing at urban areas, indoor work, and exposure to environmental pollutants. Nepalese Medical Journal. vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 9-11

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Dry eye prevalence and attributable risk factors in the eastern Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health ◽

10.5455/ijmsph.2015.20062015319 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 1556 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pankaj Choudhary ◽

Charudatt Chalisgaonkar ◽

Sujata Lakhtakia ◽

Anamika Dwivedi ◽

Shekhar Kain

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Attributable Risk ◽

Madhya Pradesh

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Determination of Risk Factors and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Before Corneal Complications at Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology And Visual Sciences

The Open Ophthalmology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874364101711010355 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 355-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shehnilla Shujaat ◽

Muhammad Jawed ◽

Shahzad Memon ◽

Khalid Iqbal Talpur

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Dry Eyes ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and determine the risk factors and treatment of dry eye disease in type 1 diabetes before any ocular surface or corneal complication occurs. This study was conducted at Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology And Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Methodology: Subjects and methods for observational study were undertaken at the Department of Ophthalmology Sindh Institute Of Ophthalmology And Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Hundred confirmed cases of type 1 diabetes were included in the study by non probability convenience sampling. Tear film breakup time and schrimer test were carried out to determine dry eye disease. Data was collected by self-prepared questionnaire and entered and analyzed by using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20.0). The frequencies and percentage were recorded and any associations with predisposing factors were statistically analyzed by t test. Results: Out of hundred patients, 71 (71%) were found to have dry eyes (P<0.001). The mean age of the subject in this study was 50.97 years (range 30-70 years). Old age was related to high risk of dry eye disease (P<0.001). There was no big difference in the incidence of dry eyes in males and females. Long duration was found to be related with increased occurrence of dry eyes (P<0.001). We found higher values for abnormal tear film break up time than schirmer test values leading to increased occurrence of evaporative dry eyes. Conclusion: There is marked increase in frequency/ risk of developing dry eye disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Therefore, it is recommended to have periodic ophthalmic examination for type 1 diabetic patients.

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Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Aligarh: a community based study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172862 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 2576

Author(s):

Riyaz Ahmad S. ◽

Mohd Haroon Khan ◽

M. Athar Ansari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Age Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are now recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality. All countries, irrespective of their stage of economic development or demographic and epidemiological transition, face an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study conducted at field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 640 study subject’s age group 18-65 years. Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). SPSS version 13 and Chi-square was used to analyse the data.Results: The age group for the present study was chosen to be 18-65 years of age. The study population consisted of 340 females and 300 males. 27.1% belong to younger age group (18-25 years), whereas in urban areas majority (27.3%) belongs to 26-35 years age group. Also, the study group comprised of higher percentage of females (53%) compared to males (47%).129 (20.2%) subjects were found to be current smokers. Only 4 (1.3%) women were smokers. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use which was found to be 21.6% (28.3% in males and 15.6% in females). The prevalence of current alcohol use in our study to be 10.3% in males and 0.6% in females. The overall prevalence of alcohol use was 5.2%. Alcohol use showed inverse relation with socioeconomic class, About 87% of the respondents did not have sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The physical inactivity during work was more in males (30.7%) compared to females (15.5%. Mean body weight, BMI and waist circumference showed significant changes with age in both sexes.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the rural and urban areas of Aligarh is quite high.

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A clinical study of correlation between pterygium and dry eye

Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.150 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 736-740

Author(s):

Megha R Kotecha ◽

Radhika R Paranjpe ◽

Varsha V Manade ◽

Sarang S Gotecha

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Case Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Clinical Correlation ◽

Detailed History ◽

Ocular Irritation ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Close Relationship ◽

The Status

To study the clinical correlation between pterygium and dry eye and to evaluate the status of tear film in patients with pterygium.100 eyes with pterygium were compared with 100 control eyes without pterygium. Patients between 20–70 years were included in the study. Detailed history was taken and Schirmer’s test and TBUT were performed on all to evaluate the status of dry eye. Schirmer’s test ˂10 mm and TBUT ˂10 seconds was considered abnormal. Maximum number (52) of patients affected with dry eye in both the groups were in the age group 31-40 years which statistically showed age as a significant factor of association for both pterygium and dry eye (P<0.01). Schirmer’s test was slightly reduced in patients with pterygium(18.73±5.69 mm). TBUT was significantly reduced in the case group (12.26±2.24sec). TBUT decreased maximally in 51-60 yrs age group (13.00±2.77sec) with pterygium showing a tear film unstability. On comparison of pterygia and controls with normal and abnormal tear film, Odd’s Ratio was 1.14 showing risk of dry eye in pterygia patients to be 1.14 times higher than controls. A close relationship exists between ocular irritation symptoms and functional evidence of tear instability. Schirmer’s test and TBUT should routinely be used in the outpatient department to diagnose dry eye in patients with pterygium and these patients should be promptly treated to prevent any sight threatening complications.

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A Five Year Review of Youth Suicide in Manitoba

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379403900808 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Eric Sigurdson ◽

Douglas Staley ◽

Manuel Matas ◽

Keith Hildahl ◽

Kathy Souair

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicide Rate ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Information Gathering ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Age Group ◽

Native Population ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male To Female ◽

Retrospective Investigation

Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents. The suicide rate in the 15 to 24 year old age group has increased at a faster rate than in any other age group. This study is a descriptive and retrospective investigation of 204 files from the Chief Medical Examiner's office of all youths aged 24 years and less in the province of Manitoba who committed suicide between 1984 and 1988. The study found a high male to female ratio, a large number of younger adolescents and a suicide rate in the Native population which was ten times that of non-Natives. The method of suicide varied by gender and race. Males more often used hanging and guns; females were more likely to overdose. Natives tended to hang themselves more than non-Natives, while non-Natives more often used guns. The highest percentage of Native suicides occurred in urban areas. Depression and substance abuse were identified as risk factors. A number of recommendations regarding information gathering post-suicide, as well as prevention and intervention programs are proposed.

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A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF DRY EYES IN A TERTIARY PRIVATE HOSPITAL

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i9.558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Rajani .

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

Meibomian Gland ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Age Group ◽

Dry Eyes ◽

Ocular Irritation ◽

Breakup Time

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by symptoms of discomfort, irritation, and visual disturbance. Dry eye disease (DED), either alone or in combination with other conditions, is a frequent cause of ocular irritation that leads the patients to seek ophthalmic care Materials & Methods: 150 study subjects were enrolled for the study. A cross-section hospital-based, observational study was conducted. Results: Among the study subjects the maximum were from 61-70 year age group, followed by 51-60 year age group. Prevalence of DED was detected in 30%. Keywords: Dry eye, Kadapa, Meibomian gland dysfunction, Tear film breakup time

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Demographic profile and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in North Western Rajasthan, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2721

Author(s):

Meenu Jaju ◽

Kalpna Jain ◽

Surbhi Kanawa

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Climatic Condition ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Age Group

Background: The aim was to study the demographic profile and analyze risk factor associated with dry eye disease in North West Rajasthan, India.Methods: This was a hospital-based study conducted in Department of Ophthalmology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Sample size of this study was 100 patients. All participants underwent a general ophthalmic assessment including history of any previous ocular and systemic illness along with ocular examination on slit lamp and specific tests for dry eye (Schirmer's test and Tear film break up time) were performed.Results: Dry eye were seen maximum in age group 46 to 60 years (41%), followed by 61-75 years (23%). Female’s preponderance was seen compared with male. Dry eye patients belong from rural areas were (57%) while remaining (43%) from urban areas and among these highest were farmer/labourers (32%). Several known risk factors were found in this study which include post-menopause. Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users had strong association with dry eye. In Systemic disease rheumatoid arthritis was commonly associated with dry eye were. Smoking contact lens use were also associated with increased risk of developing dry eye.Conclusions: Dry eye disease are more common in older age group patients. Female’s preponderance were found in the study especially postmeopausal women. Dry eye disease are more common in patients belongs to rural areas. Risk factor associated with dry eye were Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users, systemic disease like rheumatoid arthritis Smoking, contact lens users.

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A Study of Estimation and Analysis of Anti HBs Titre in Adolescent Children in Corrleation with Socio Demographic Profile

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1230572 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

T. Antony Leo Jerry ◽

S. Sundari ◽

Shanthi Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Middle School ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Middle Class ◽

Primary School ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Age Group ◽

Demographic Profile

Introduction: Viruses are the most common causative agents of hepatitis today and infect many millions of individuals annually. Viral hepatitis encompasses several diseases and represents a global health problem. It induces major morbidity and mortality and places enormous demands on economic and medical resources. Aim of the Study: Analysis of Anti Hbs Titre in Unimmunised Adolescent Children in Correlation with Socio-Demographic Profile. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from April 2017 to March 2018. Vaccinated and unvaccinated (for Hepatitis B vaccine) adolescents between the age group of 10-19 years, who attended the department of Pediatrics, were included in this study. 160 adolescents who were vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine and 160 adolescents who were unvaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine in the age group of 10-19 years. A total of 320 adolescents were included in the study. The correlation was done between two group based on socio-demographic data. Results: Among the mothers, 10.93% (35) were illiterates, 25.62% (82) had finished primary school. 33.44% (107) and 21.56% (69) had done middle school and higher secondary school (HSS) respectively. 8.45% (27) were graduates. In the study it was found that 7.19% (23) of fathers were illiterates, 23.44% (75) had stopped with primary school and 18.43% (59) with middle school. 34.69% (111) have done HSS and 16.25% (52) were graduates. Of total adolescents who participated in 25.63% (82) were from rural areas and 74.37% (238) were from urban areas. Among participants, 49.37% (158) belong to lower and 30.63% (98) belonged to lower middle class. The middle class and the upper middle class had 9.06% (29) and 10.94% (35) respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the need for catch up vaccination among the adolescent's population, who missed their routine immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine. For health care professionals, this study is a evidence that stresses more about the importance of providing Hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents.

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