scholarly journals Media and Information Literacy of Students – Skills and Challenges in the Context of Political Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Paulina Barczyszyn-Madziarz ◽  
Mateusz Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Political Preferences

The main purpose of this article is to present the link between the level of media and information literacy (MIL) and political preferences of Polish students based on empirical research. MIL is a key issue for today’s societies as it equips citizens with the skills needed to use various media and information channels and exercise their basic human rights. Phenomena such as post-truth, the way people are more inclined to accept arguments based on emotions and beliefs than facts, disinformation and fake news are an important context and subject of ongoing scientific discussions. Keeping in mind the limitations of self-report methods, the authors combine the elements of students’ self-assessment with the questions that test their theoretical knowledge and competences related to recognizing fake news. The research sample consists of 870 students of social sciences and journalism. The results of the research provide detailed knowledge about the level of MIL as well as political preferences of students. By that, authors hope to contribute to the global scientific discussion, offering their research conducted in the context of the declining quality of democracy in Poland.

scholarly journals Is respondents' inattention in online surveys a major issue for research?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Riccardo Vecchio ◽  
Gerarda Caso ◽  
Luigi Cembalo ◽  
Massimiliano Borrello
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Popular Method

Participant attentiveness may represent a major concern for all researchers using online self-report survey data, as findings from non-diligent participants add noise and can significantly decrease results reliability. Therefore, attention checks have become a popular method in survey design across social sciences to capture careless or insufficient-effort of respondents, thus increasing quality of samples and the internal validity of the research. The aim of this note is to offer an overview and categorization of the different techniques adopted to flag inattentive respondents and present the potential drawbacks of not considering the issue in social sciences research.

Quality of Government

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-24
Author(s):  
Bo Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Policy Solutions

In trying to conceptualize quality of government (QoG) one enters into the same difficulties as with other central concepts in the social sciences such as power, democracy, corruption, violence, etc. It is argued that conceptual precision is necessary for creating valid and reliable measures without which empirical research and policy solutions will not be possible. The strategy used in this conceptual operation has been to try to define what could be the opposite of corruption. It is argued that quality of government should be defined as separate from quality of democracy and also government effectiveness since we want to explain the latter by the former. A number of choices for defining QoG are presented (normative vs. empirical, substantive vs. procedural, universal vs. relativistic, multi- vs. unidimensional) are presented. The suggested definition is based on the idea of impartiality in the exercise of public power. Lastly, a number of challenges to this definition are presented.

Etos uniwersytetu a globalny kłopot z jego tożsamością

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Joanna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Idea Of The University ◽  
The Ideal

The fundamental activity enabling the revival of the university ethos is to reconsider the specific mission of the university in times of changing reality. One commonly experiences the divergence between values and principles that traditionally referred to the idea of the university and its ethos, and the practice of entangling the world of science in the sphere of politics, ideology and business. On the other hand, there are noticeable actions demonstrting the ability of self-assessment and self-report: the disclosure of scientific fraud, publicity of conflicts of interest, struggle for scientific independence and autonomy of the university, dissemination of good manners in science. The situation requires from academic communities to redefine the ideal of the university that will determine its contemporary identity, mission, and the quality of its ethos.

Enlivening the Concept of Democratization: The Biological Metaphor

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relative Quality

Mechanical metaphors have colonized the social sciences, including the study of democratization processes. But they may provide a misleading framework for monitoring ongoing “self-equilibrating” social processes with no natural “end state” such as democratization. I propose that modern biology can be consulted as an alternative source of analogical reasoning, offering a more flexible and appropriate stock of metaphors that can enliven analogical accounts of processes of democratization. The shift towards modeling democracy as a living practice permanently directed towards self-preservation and propagation provides a clearer rationale for comparative studies, focussing on the relative “quality” of democracy in different contexts. I begin with a brief sketch of the historical instability and current contestability of most democratization processes; I then examine the morphology of complex political concepts and propose alternative biological analogies to replace the currently prevalent physicalist imagery.

scholarly journals Self-report health-related quality of life among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. The FUPRECOL study

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Fernando Gaitán López ◽  
Jorge Enrique Correa Bautista ◽  
Stefano Vinaccia ◽  
Robinson Ramírez Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective: To describe by self-report the HRQoL among schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia belonging to the FUPRECOL study. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 3,245 children and 3,354 adolescents, between 9 and 17.9 years old, participated in the study. Spanish version of the EQ-5D-Y was self-assessment. Percentages of missing values and reported problems were calculated. The data was analyzed by measurement of central tendency stratified by age group, and to compare them to international references. Results: A total of 58.3%, (n= 3,848) were women. In all ages, the HRQoL was higher in boys than in girls. To compare by sex, the dimensions of the EQ-5D-Y "feeling worried, sad or unhappy" and "having pain or discomfort", showed the highest frequency among women. Overall, our HRQoL were higher than South Africa, Germany and Italy references. Conclusion: The HRQoL was higher in boys than in girls The HRQoL. The dimensions of the EQ-5D-Y "feeling worried, sad or unhappy" and "having pain or discomfort", showed the highest frequency. The HRQoL by age and sex may be used in the evaluation of the health perceived among schoolchildren from Bogotá.

scholarly journals Assessment of Student Learning from Reference Service

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian S. Gremmels ◽  
Karen Shostrom Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Instructional Activity ◽  
Reference Service ◽  
Assessment Of Student Learning

For at least 20 years, librarians have been evaluating the quality of reference service, and higher education has been grappling with assessment. This two-year study sought to bring together these two strands: (1) to compare the student’s self-report of what was learned in a reference encounter with the librarian’s statement of what was taught; and (2) to test whether students perceived a link to information literacy content that had been taught in class. The study found that students did understand reference as an instructional activity and that they made the desired links about two-thirds of the time, especially when the librarian was teaching the use of tools.

scholarly journals A tale of three villages: choosing an effective method for assessing poaching levels in western Serengeti, Tanzania

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli J. Knapp ◽  
Dennis Rentsch ◽  
Jennifer Schmitt ◽  
Claire Lewis ◽  
Stephen Polasky
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractPoaching for bushmeat is a major problem for conservation of wildlife populations in many parts of Africa, including the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. However, the severity of the poaching problem is often unclear because of a lack of accurate data. Directly asking people to self-report illegal activity faces the obvious problem of under-reporting. Use of arrest records from anti-poaching patrols may reflect levels of poaching activity but could also be driven by funding and quality of anti-poaching efforts. A third method, assessing poaching by asking about bushmeat consumption, is indirect, possibly subject to under-reporting, and also subject to limits on the accuracy of memory of respondents. We compare rates of poaching derived by self-assessment of poaching activities (based on household interviews), dietary recall of bushmeat consumption over a variety of time frames, and arrest records from anti-poaching units. We apply these three methods to assess poaching activities in three villages bordering protected areas on the western boundary of Serengeti National Park. Our results showed that dietary recall of bushmeat consumption and arrest records indicated similar patterns of poaching across the three villages but self-reporting differed significantly. There appear to be significant advantages to coupling results from dietary recall of bushmeat consumption and arrest records to estimate the level of poaching activity. In situations where reliable data from anti-poaching units are unavailable, cost-effective data collection of bushmeat consumption will provide a viable alternative to assess levels of poaching involvement of villages that border protected areas.

WED 127 Update on the questionnaire for brain donors at queen square brain bank

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A14.1-A14
Author(s):  
Yoganathan Katie ◽  
Barbosa Pedro ◽  
Noyce Alastair ◽  
Fernandez Eduardo ◽  
Shaw Karen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Brain Bank ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Data Interchange

The Queen Square Brain Bank (QSBB) is recognised as a world leading neuropathological resource for brain tissue for study into Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson-plus syndromes. At recruitment to the donor register, a self-assessment form is given to every donor and used for administrative and research purposes. Due to the recent increase in donations from individuals with Parkinsonian syndromes and the latest advances on risk factors and symptomatology of PD, a new questionnaire is needed. This study is a literature review of existing self-report questionnaires used in PD, Parkinson-plus syndromes, hyperkinetic disorders and cognitive impairment, to assess their suitability for inclusion in the new questionnaire for QSBB brain donors. This is the first systematic review of our knowledge to include all five domains of Parkinsonian symptoms. Subsequently, the modified Delphi method was used to reach a consensus of the domains from an expert panel. This information was cross-referenced with the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium. Through the creation of this new questionnaire, we hope to improve the quality of the data collected from brain donors, which hopefully will ultimately help improve our understanding and management of these disorders.

An Initial Investigation of the Use of Comparative Referents to Assess Social Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Seligman ◽  
Erin F. Swedish ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Jessica M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Social Quality Of Life ◽  
Comparison Measures

Abstract. The current study examined the validity of two self-report measures of social anxiety constructed using social comparative referent points. It was hypothesized that these comparison measures would be both reliable and valid. Results indicated that two different comparative versions – one invoking injunctive norms and another invoking descriptive norms – showed good reliability, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The comparative measures also predicted positive functioning, some aspects of social quality of life, and social anxiety as measured by an independent self-report. These findings suggest that adding a comparative reference point to instructions on social anxiety measures may aid in the assessment of social anxiety.

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