scholarly journals The objectives and legal instruments of Municipal Waste Management in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Martin Dufala
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Per Capita

In particular, two types of data are important for assessing the state of waste management in each Member State of the European Union — first, the amount of the waste generated per capita annually and waste recovery rate, second, the rate of waste disposal in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The latest available statistics on the amount of waste generated per capita are for 2018. While the European Union average is 492 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018, the Slovak Republic’s waste production is slightly less than that, with an average of 414 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018. On the other hand, Denmark with 766 kg of municipal waste produced per capita annually is at the bottom of the European Union ranking. The Czech Republic with 351 kg and Poland with 329 kg of municipal waste produced per capita on the average annually for the same period are in better position than Slovak Republic. Another important data for the evaluation of the state of municipal waste management is the rate of recovery of municipal waste, alternatively — the municipal waste recycling rate. Within this scope, the Slovak Republic performs considerably worse, both regarding the waste management objectives and in comparison with the European Union average, or in comparison with remaining Member States. While the average recycling rate of municipal waste in the European Union was 47.0% in 2018, the Slovak Republic recycled only 36.3% of municipal waste in 2018. The situation within this scope in the Czech Republic/Czechia (34.5%) and Poland (34.3%) were similar. Germany achieved the highest municipal waste recycling rate in 2018, up to 67.3%. Directly related to the rate of the municipal waste recovery is the high rate of waste disposal, especially in the form of landfill, which was in the Slovak Republic in 2018 amounted to 55.0%. Despite the high rate of landfill, we can speak of a reduction in the landfill rate of municipal waste compared to previous years. From the foregoing data of selected indicators of the average recycling rate of municipal waste, it can be deduced that the system of municipal waste management in the Slovak Republic is obviously flawed, in as much as municipal waste management lacks long-term management in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The said deficiency may result either from insufficient legislation pertaining to this area or failure in terms of its enforcement. 

scholarly journals Municipal Waste Management in Poland Compared to Other European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Poniatowska ◽  
Monika Kisiel ◽  
Damian Panasiuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Municipal Waste Management

The paper discusses the current state of municipal waste management in Poland compared to other European Union countries. It indicates the amounts of municipal waste generated over the last few years in Poland and other EU countries. The paper compares waste treatment methods in Poland and Europe, such as recycling, composting, thermal treatment and waste disposal. An analysis of municipal waste processing installations in Poland is presented. The trends in the municipal waste management system in recent years have also been described. In the field of municipal waste management in Poland, there have been significant changes. The amount of waste sent to landfills has decreased, and the amount of waste recovered and recycled has increased. These changes are positive and reflect the development of municipal waste management systems in other EU countries. The article indicates the problems and directions of changes in the field of municipal waste management in Poland in the coming years, especially in the context of the implementation of circular economy assumptions and the goals set by the European Union in terms of increase the level of waste recycling and reducing their disposal.

scholarly journals WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPAL COMMUNAL WASTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Marina Grubor ◽  
Oliver Dimitijević ◽  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Economic Basis

The key goal of this work is to analyze the process of municipal waste recycling in the European Union and in Serbia, as well as to identify the economic instruments which are missing in this field. The work is intending to answer to the several related questions: first, the economic basis of recycling, that is to establish a general framework in which this process can fulfill its economic viability; second, to analyze the present state, effects and problems in which recycling operations are performing in the European Union and the position of Serbia in this context; thirdly, to establish economic instruments and measures to promote recycling of municipal waste in Serbia. The paper proposes a set of economic instruments in the field ofresolving these issues are at the basis ofstandards established in the European Union.

scholarly journals Global trends in waste management and analysis of the situation in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Shilkina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste

In the modern world, environmental issues are quite acute. Global environmental problems are also relevant for Russia today. It should be recognized that our country is one of the most polluted countries in the world, which negatively affects the quality of life and health of the population. The emergence of environmental problems is associated with the ever-growing man-made impact on the natural environment. Currently, about 55–60 million tons of solid municipal waste is generated in Russia every year, 90 % of which is sent to landfills and unauthorized landfills. The recycling rate in Russia is no more than 10 %, while in the European Union countries up to 100 % of household waste is processed. Europe has been implementing a targeted environmental policy for working with solid municipal waste for many years. Back in December 2005, the European Commission published a report on the development of a strategy for the prevention of waste generation and recycling. its goal is to reduce the negative impact on the environment associated with the disposal of household waste. Waste policies and targets established at the European Union level include minimum requirements for the management of certain types of waste. The subject of research in the article is the system of solid municipal waste management, waste management strategies. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the waste management system in the world and in Russia, analyze the features and prospects, and develop recommendations based on foreign experience. Research methodology: comparative and comparative analyses. The article presents analytical data that characterize the current situation, analyzes the forecast values of solid municipal waste generation and disposal in different regions of the world. A detailed analysis of the situation in Russia is given, conclusions on the current situation with regard to waste are given, and recommendations are made. Based on the analysis of statistical data that characterize the state of the solid municipal waste management system in the world and in Russia, conclusions were made about the problems of its development. One of the main reasons is the lack of attention on the part of state bodies, as well as the lack of funding for the implementation of state programs and the inefficient use of allocated funds. The analysis of foreign experience in waste management allowed us to develop recommendations for the application of management strategies. This article is part of the author's research in the field of choosing optimal strategies for managing the development of a "Smart city", including strategies for managing the disposal of solid municipal waste of the housing and communal complex. the author has analyzed and collected interesting material on this topical issue, and plans to publish a monograph.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL SUPPORT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PROCESSES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
D.T.D. Elrabay’a ◽  
◽  
V.M. Marchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
First Time

The article clarifies the substantial organizational and economic risks ahead, on the way for Ukraine to meet its committed targets to transform waste management system to become in full accordance with those implemented in the European Union. Both, European and Ukrainian legislation in this regard are analyzed, categorized, and compared to highlight the core differences and identify the gaps in the ones that are implemented in Ukraine. The environmental and economic results of waste management in Germany and Ukraine revealed, that Ukraine is not demonstrating satisfactory improvement during the last 7 years since the association agreement was signed. The article identifies 5 key recommendations, that would allow Ukraine to match up with European countries in municipal waste management (household waste management according to Ukrainian classification system), these recommendation are summarized as follows: centralized legislation approach, where all essential regulations are approved by the central government and unified for all regions; promptness, and operative attitude to take all necessary actions related to waste management; guaranteeing measurability and control over each waste management stage, that should lead to creating fully informative digital database; implementing “Peeling away method” to ensure that all potential secondary raw material and high calorific value waste is reused of converted into alternative energy resources; and finally, creating comprehensive and cohesive legislative package that works all together as integrated system. Centralized/local legislative distribution analysis, and structure of public information on waste in the official portal are provided for the first time in a scientific research, to the best knowledge of the authors. “The peeling away method”, described in this article, is used for the first time as well, to explain in simple way, the European strategy to minimize the amount of waste that is sent to landfill.

scholarly journals Municipal Waste Management in Towns of Switzerland: a Foreign Ecologist’s View

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Roman Mamadzhanov ◽  
Yulia Zakirova ◽  
Mykhadi Umarov
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of the research carried out by the foreign ecologists, particularly the study of the system of municipal waste management in the municipality of Maienfeld, Switzerland. The total amount of municipal waste has been calculated. The systems of municipal waste collection, sorting, transportation and recycling have been studied. Besides, four possible scenarios of waste recycling in Maienfeld have been developed. Moreover, the environmental assessment of the waste recycling system by GHG/SLCP emissions has been conducted, and the impact of recycling on the climate has been determined. Finally, taking into account the results of the research, the best scenario of recycling has been proposed.

Empirical Investigation of Formal and Informal Sectors in Waste Recycling of the Municipal Waste Management System of Developing Countries: The Case Study of Lagos State

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipupo Salau ◽  
Lalita Sen ◽  
Samuel Osho ◽  
Oluwatoyin Adejonwo-Osho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Municipalities in metropolitan cities of developing countries often find it difficult to cope with the onerous task of providing waste services to their citizens due to financial constraints and poor infrastructure.  In most of these cities, waste collection services are grossly inadequate as less than half the population is served with regular and efficient waste services.  However, the shortcomings of the formal waste management system are compensated by the activities of the informal sector engaged in waste collection and make significant contributions to the MWMS through material recovery and waste recycling. In view of this, the study focuses on the roles of the formal and informal sector in municipal waste management with regards to their impacts on the recycling rate of Lagos State. In this study, we measured and compared the recycling rates between the formal and informal sectors to determine their impacts on the recycling rates of Lagos State. The study relies on primary field data, site visits and observations backed by secondary sources to investigate the range of informal sector activities in comparison to the formal sector. The findings indicate that, while both sub-sectors play significant roles in the MWMS, the informal recycling activities contribute more to the recycling rate of Lagos state than the formal sector.

MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN POLAND VS. EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2005-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Joanna Baran
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Member State ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on issues of municipal waste management in Poland after 2004. Poland, as a Member State of the EU is following its commitments and is approaching the EU standards of municipal solid wastes management. The studies presented the the levels of generated and collected municipal waste, also levels of storage and recycling. Municipal waste management in Poland was compared with the situation in EU countries. It was found that Poland produces about 200 kg per person less municipal services than the EU average, and on the other hand, approximately 50% of municipal waste is transferred to landfills. The performance is not satisfactory in regards to EU commitments and the implementation of a real “closing loops” approach.

The Energy Potential of Municipal Waste in the Žilina Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Alexander Čaja ◽  
Jozef Jandačka ◽  
Marián Jobb
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Municipal Waste Management

Waste production is greater every year with society evolution. The same problem is also in Slovak republic, but Slovakia is significantly behind other developed countries in municipal waste management especially in area of energy utilization and recovery of the municipal waste. This problem will be totally reflected after the ban of the waste dumping in landfills. This work solves the problem of waste management in the Žilina region of Slovakia. Žilina region produces approximately 185000 tons of municipal waste. At present there is the majority of the waste dumped in the landfills. Large part of this waste could be energy utilized. Except municipal waste can be also used other types of the waste for the energy utilization. The paper evaluates energy potential of municipal waste in Žilina region. During the work it was determined the ratio composition of the waste in the Žilina region. There were measured gross calorific value, low calorific value and humidity on the waste samples. Based on these results it was determined energy potential of the municipal waste in the Žilina region. This energy potential could provide part of the heat and electricity for the Žilina region after using appropriate methods of thermal disposal.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS IN UKRAINE AND THE FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1(13) (1(13)) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Yadviga Zharii ◽  
Yuliia Krasnianska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
European Union Member States

The article analyzes the state of domestic and other waste management in Ukraine and specifies unresolved problems in the waste utilization system. The experience of the European Union member states, which created the established mechanism of separate collection of waste, material and energy recycling, environmentally safe disposal of waste at the constructed landfills is considered. The directions of modernization of the waste recycling system in Ukraine and the financial aspects of their implementation are proposed.

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