scholarly journals Ett röjningsröseområde i Farstorp – odling, begravning och ritual

AmS-Varia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 115-137
Author(s):  
Maria Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Grinding Stones ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper problematises the categories grave and clearance cairn, based on source-material from Farstorp, Småland. A central point of departure for the analysis is landuse in a long-term perspective. Parts of a clearance-cairn site, comprising clearance-cairns, graves and constructions similar to graves although less well–built, were excavated. The latter were termed complex cairns. Exterior elements were kerbs and surface layers of fire-cracked stones. Interior features resembled cremation layers with fire-cracked stones. Inside and adjacent to these, burnt animal bones and other objects, including intact pots containing food, had been deposited. The main building material was clearance stones, plausibly from surrounding arable land. Features mainly date to Late Roman Iron Age and Migration Period. Fire-cracked stones and burnt animal bones are interpreted as waste from ritual meals, consumed during spring and autumn farm work. Depositions of grinding stones support the assumption that fertility of the land was an important ritual theme. Participants of these meals might be members of the household that held the land rights. A few human bones were deposited in each grave, possibly from deceased members of the owner family who might be expected to act in favour of their living descendants, to enhance fertility in general. Such deposits may also have demonstrated and consolidated land rights.

North European Rock Art

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Goldhahn
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Bronze Age

This chapter offers a long-term perspective on rock art in northern Europe. It first provides an overview of research on the rock art traditions of northern Europe before discussing the societies and cultures that created such traditions. It then considers examples of rock art made by hunter-gatherer societies in northern Europe, focusing on the first rock art boom related to Neolithization. It also examines the second rock art boom, which was associated with social and religious changes within farming communities that took place around 1600–1400 bc. The chapter concludes by analysing the breakdown of long-distance networks in the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age and its consequences for the making of rock art within the southern traditions, as well as the use of rock art sites during the Pre-Roman Iron Age, Roman Iron Age, and Migration Period.

scholarly journals MIGRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN ARABLE LAND OF LITHUANIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadvyga Lubyte ◽  
Antanas Antanaitis
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
And Migration

The paper presents the investigation data on soil contamination by Cs and Sr during the period 1974–2000 in various climatic zones and geographical locations for various granulometric and mineralogic composition of the soil and also for different mineralogical rock composition. The data concerning the accumulation of these elements, their perpendicular distribution before and after the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant (ChAPP) accident. Besides, the influence of long term fertilization by various NPK rates on the amounts of radionuclides in the soil is presented. It is determined that before the ChAPP accident an average activity of 137Cs and 90Sr was 6,8±1,8 Bq·kg−1 and 5,3±1,2 Bq·kg−1, respectively. The radioactivity of peat soils was 2–5 times larger than that of mineral soils. After the accident in the ChAPP the amount of 90Sr in control plots, in the layer of 0–20 cm has not changed. In some fields an average amount of 137Cs is 6,7–28,5 Bq·kg−1. Larger concentrations of radionuclides were detected in the southeastern, southern and western regions of Lithuania. The amount of 137Cs in the upper soil layer in the western region of Lithuania was 1,1–1,2 times larger than in the layer of 5–20 cm, and 1,3–2,5 times larger than in the layer of 20–40 cm. Distinction is not so noticeable in the middle and eastern regions of Lithuania, correspondingly 1,1–1,2 and 1,2–1,6 times. Migration of 90Sr and 137Cs from the soil to plants varies and depends on soil properties and types of plants. The coefficients of 137Cs and 90Sr movement from the soil to plants were 0,24–0,53 and 0,37–0,87, respectively. In most cases long term fertilization had no influence on 90Sr and 137Cs accumulation and migration in the soil.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

scholarly journals Climate Mobility and Development Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stojanov ◽  
Sarah Rosengaertner ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin ◽  
Raphael Nawrotzki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

AbstractDevelopment cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More recently, as concern has risen about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human mobility, development cooperation actors have begun to design projects that intentionally address the drivers of migration, including climate impacts on livelihoods. However, to date, we know little about the development cooperation’s role and function in responding to climate related mobility and migration. As such, the main aim of this paper is to outline the policy frameworks and approaches shaping development cooperation actors’ engagement and to identify areas for further exploration and investment. First, we frame the concept of climate mobility and migration and discuss some applicable policy frameworks that govern the issue from various perspectives; secondly, we review the toolbox of approaches that development cooperation actors bring to climate mobility; and third, we discuss the implications of the current Covid-19 pandemic and identify avenues for the way forward. We conclude that ensuring safe and orderly mobility and the decent reception and long-term inclusion of migrants and displaced persons under conditions of more severe climate hazards, and in the context of rising nationalism and xenophobia, poses significant challenges. Integrated approaches across multiple policy sectors and levels of governance are needed. In addition to resources, development cooperation actors can bring data to help empower the most affected communities and regions and leverage their convening power to foster more coordinated approaches within and across countries.

scholarly journals Natural and Managed Grasslands Productivity during Multiyear in Ex-Arable Lands (in the Context of Climate Change)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Liudmila Tripolskaja ◽  
Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Almantas Razukas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Term Change ◽  
The Impact

Ex-arable land-use change is a global issue with significant implications for climate change and impact for phytocenosis productivity and soil quality. In temperate humid grassland, we examined the impact of climate variability and changes of soil properties on 23 years of grass productivity after conversion of ex-arable soil to abandoned land (AL), unfertilized, and fertilized managed grassland (MGunfert and MGfert, respectively). This study aimed to investigate the changes between phytocenosis dry matter (DM) yield and rainfall amount in May–June and changes of organic carbon (Corg) stocks in soil. It was found that from 1995 to 2019, rainfall in May–June tended to decrease. The more resistant to rainfall variation were plants recovered in AL. The average DM yield of MGfert was 3.0 times higher compared to that in the AL. The DM yields of AL and MG were also influenced by the long-term change of soil properties. Our results showed that Corg sequestration in AL was faster (0.455 Mg ha−1 year−1) than that in MGfert (0.321 Mg ha−1 year−1). These studies will be important in Arenosol for selecting the method for transforming low-productivity arable land into MG.

European Mail Armour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn A. Wijnhoven
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
First Time

Mail armour (commonly mislabelled 'chainmail') was used for more than two millennia on the battlefield. After its invention in the Iron Age, mail rapidly spread all over Europe and beyond. The Roman army, keen on new military technology, soon adopted mail armour and used it successfully for centuries. Its history did not stop there and mail played a vital role in warfare during the Middle Ages up to the Early Modern Period. Given its long history, one would think mail is a well-documented material, but that is not the case. For the first time, this books lays a solid foundation for the understanding of mail armour and its context through time. It applies a long-term multi-dimensional approach to extract a wealth of as yet untapped information from archaeological, iconographic and written sources. This is complemented with technical insights on the mail maker’s chaîne opératoire.

Influences on the Hydrophobicity of Concrete Surfaces Treated with Alkyl Trialkoxysilanes

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
U. Antons ◽  
M. Raupach ◽  
O. Weichold
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hydrophobic Layer ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract The paper focuses on how alkaline media, UV radiation, and carbonation as well as on-going cement hydration affects hydrophobic treatments of concrete and influences the properties of these water-repellent layers. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that layers formed by impregnating samples with alkyl trialkoxysilanes are stable even under long-term exposure to alkaline solution and UV radiation, with the damage of the latter being limited to the topmost surface layers. Microstructural changes during accelerated carbonation of blast furnace slag cement based concrete have a major impact on the hydrophobic layer properties, while the carbonation of Portland cement concrete has no influence. On-going hydration additionally influences the hydrophobic layer properties.

A Development Plan for Semi-Arid Areas in Western Sudan

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Face ◽  
Planning Problems

SUMMARYThis paper, concerned with agricultural development planning problems in the Sahelian and Sudanian (semi-desert and savanna) zones in Africa between 10 and 16° North, describes a plan for Darfur, Western Sudan. This aims to modernize a stagnant and primitive technology and out-dated land rights which, in the face of rapid population increase and climatic change, are reducing the long-term carrying capacity of the land. The development plan (H.T.S., 1974) has been based on a 2-year (1972–73) survey by a team of physical and social scientists, financed by the Overseas Development Administration of the United Kingdom and the Ministry of Agriculture in the Sudan.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Long-Term Conservation Tillage Research in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Azumah Chimsah ◽  
Liqun Cai ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Renzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Total N

Sustainable food production has long been a priority for mankind and this is being challenged by limited arable land, challenged landscapes, and higher human population growth. China started conservation farming around the 1950’s. However, main Conservation Tillage (CT) research started in 1992. Using a systematic meta-analysis approach, this review aims at examining China’s approach to CT and to characterize the main outcomes of long-term CT research across northern China. Data from organizations in charge of CT research in China showed an improvement in crop yield of at least 4% under double cropping systems and 6% under single cropping systems in dry areas of northern China. Furthermore, long-term CT practices were reported to have improved soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, pore size, and aggregate stability), soil nutrient levels, and reduction in greenhouse gas emission. Other benefits include significant increase in income levels and protection of the environment. Limitations to CT practice highlighted in this study include occasional reduction in crop yields during initial years of cropping, significant reduction in total N of soils, increase in N2O emission, and the need for customized machinery for its implementation. Outcomes of CT practice are ecologically and economically beneficial though its limitations are worth cogitating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document