التأثيرات السياسية في استدامة الدين العام في موازنة العراق 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (66) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
م.م أحمد حامد جمعة ◽  
◽  
د. كمال فيلد البصري
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Political Impact

This study clarifies the analysis of the reality of the financial policy in the budget of Iraq 2019, and that analysis is evaluated by tracking the elements of the public budget from public expenditures and public revenues, and the study focuses on the size of the political impact on the path of public spending, as well as the analysis of public spending and revenues in various sectors and sections of the public budget. This study also shows the size of the risks resulting from the continuation of the financial deficit, as well as the risks of public debt according to the indicators of its sustainability analysis within the financial and economic indicators that express the risks of public debt. The study emphasized that public spending is still based on the political decision and does not achieve the principles and objectives of the economic budget that achieve the public benefit. The necessity requires efficient spending and fair distribution in order to avoid future public debt risks and their impact on future generations

scholarly journals Fatma Aliye Hanım: Gender Debates in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-716
Author(s):  
Zeynep Direk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Abstract This essay explores the late nineteenth and early twentieth Century gender debates in the late Ottoman Empire, and the early Republic of Turkey with a focus on Fatma Aliye’s presence in the public space, as the first Ottoman woman philosopher, novelist, and public intellectual. I choose to concentrate on her because of the important stakes of the gender debates of that period, and the ways in which they are echoed in the present can be effectively discussed by reflecting on the ways in which Fatma Aliye is read, presented, and received. In the first part of this paper, I talk about Fatma Aliye’s life and experience of her gender as a woman, and point to her key interests as a writer and philosopher. In the second part, I situate her in the political history of feminism during the Rearrangement Period (Tanzimat), the Second Constitutional Era (II. Meşrutiyet), and the institution of the modern Republic of Turkey. Lastly, in the third part, I discuss the diverse ways in which she is interpreted in contemporary Turkey. I explore the political impact of the reception of Fatma Aliye as an intellectual figure on the current gender debates in Turkey.

scholarly journals The Public Debt of Ukraine and the Budget Expenditure for Its Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Bondaruk ◽  
O. S. Bondaruk ◽  
N. Yu. Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Debt Dynamics ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Public Debt Management ◽  
Made In

the public debt is deepened, the visions of the public debt as a phenomenon burdening the national economy, found in various schools of economics, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that the high internal and external dept in parallel with the respectively growing expenditure for its service is a pressing problem for Ukraine, calling for an urgent solution. This raises the need for seeking ways to improve the public debt management mechanisms. The article’s objective is to deepen the theoretical and methodological framework for assessment of the public debt in Ukraine and the budget expenditures for its service. It is demonstrated that the public debt in Ukraine results from the public budget deficit, high sovereign borrowing from internal and external sources. The econometric assessment of the time series on budget expenditures for debt service and repayment in Ukraine is given. The analysis of the public debt dynamics in Ukraine shows that not only the increasing volume of public debt and State-guarantee debt, but also the increasing budget expenditures on its service and repayment are dangerous. The high deficit of public budget is persisting, which growth is caused, inter alia, by the payment commitments. The expenditures on service and repayment of public debt constitute a large share in the public budget expenditures. Forecasting calculations made in the article demonstrate the upward tendency in the public budget expenditures on repayment and service of the public debt of Ukraine, thus signaling the growing threats to the budget security of Ukraine. The main factors for the rapidly increased debt burden in Ukraine over the latest years are identified: the considerable devaluation of domestic currency (Hryvnya), sharp drop in GDP, the shrinking internal consumer demand, etc.    It is demonstrated that the risk of the increasing payments for service of public debt is an essential and chronic factor generating problems in public finances and affecting the budget security of Ukraine.  

scholarly journals In the Labirinth. State, Governments, and the Growth of the Public Debt in Italy in the Middle of 1980s

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Leonida Tedoldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Institutional System

<p>The ambition of this work is to rethink and present a possible path of historical-institutional investigation in relation to and with a critical comparison of now solid economic, political and sociological research into the political causes of the public debt and its instrumentalization by governments for the purposes of consensus, in a blocked political-institutional system. The reason for the decision to concentrate the analysis on a reduced portion of that decade – and therefore chronologically not going past 1988, the year of a passage to a different phase for many aspects – responds to the intention of further concentrating the analysis and delving into the sources. </p>

‘The folly of particulars’: the political economy of the South Sea Bubble

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kleer
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conversion Operation ◽  
South Sea

In 1720 Britain embarked on a project to convert a large part of the public debt into shares in the South Sea Company. Most narratives assume the Company stood to profit from an anticipated increase in the market price of its shares. Though some have noted that this assumption is incorrect, no one has yet tried to find an alternative explanation for the Company's motivation for entering into the project. In this article I argue that the Company had no need to profit directly from the conversion operation and instead saw it as an opportunity to establish dominance in the British banking industry.

scholarly journals Policymakers' Online Use of Academic Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Willinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Academic Resources

In addressing the question of how new technologies can improve the public quality and presence of academic research, this article reports on the current online use of research by policymakers. Interviews with a sample of 25 Canadian policymakers at the federal level were conducted, looking at the specific role that online research has begun to play in their work, and what frustrations they face in using this research. The study found widespread use of online research, increasing the consultation of this source in policy analysis and formation. The principal issues remain those of access, indexing and credibility, with policymakers restricting themselves in large part to open access sources. Still, online research is proving a counterforce to policymakers' reliance on a small number of academic consultants as gatekeepers and sources for research. What is needed, it becomes clear, is investigations into whether innovative well-indexed systems that integrate a range of academic and non-academic resources might increase the political impact of research in the social sciences and education.

scholarly journals System emerytalny i jego zmiany w Polsce w kontekście deficytu budżetowego oraz długu publicznego w latach 1999–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Jolanta Ciak ◽  
Bożena Kołosowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future

Since January 1999 a new pension system based on the reformed Social InsuranceInstitution (ZUS) and open pension funds (OFE) has been in force. The reformsdid not concern all the insured in ZUS uniformly, due to its scope and costs. The aim of the article is to present the changes in the Polish national pension systemand their influence on the public finance including the state budget. The influenceis considerable due to the long-lasting imbalance in the state budget and theaccumulating public debt. The authors discern that the changes suggested by thegovernment can be assessed as the choice between being responsible for presentand being responsible for the future. Thus the effects of the current changesin the pension system are moved to the future generations and the sources of theirfinancing, whether they are in the form of higher taxes, smaller public expenditureor higher public debt, will depend on the future economic policy includingthe financial policy.

scholarly journals Invitación, desde el realismo, al estudio de la construcción política de Europa = Invitation from the realism, to the study of the political construction of Europe

2013 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Óscar Alzaga Villaamil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Housing Bubble ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Eu

La crisis económica española, evidenciada tras el estallido de la gran burbuja inmobiliaria ha dejado sobre la mesa toda una serie de preguntas, que el autor enuncia a los efectos de entender la hondura del problema que llevó a que Europa empujase a España a la reforma en 2011 de su constitucionalismo económico. Esta reforma siguió el camino trazado por las previas revisiones de los textos constitucionales afrontadas en Polonia, Suiza y Alemania. Pero las cuentas públicas de ciertos estados del sur de la Unión Europea han pasado a constituir un problema para la política económica y financiera de toda la UE, cuya solución se ha convertido en una oportunidad para avanzar en su construcción política, trance en que los constitucionalistas deben aportar sus mejores esfuerzos.The Spanish economic crisis, evidenced after the outbreak of the great housing bubble has left on the table a series of questions, which the author states the purpose of understanding the depth of the problem that led Europe push Spain to the reform in 2011 of its economic constitutionalism. This reform followed the path set by the previous reviews the constitutions faced in Poland, Switzerland and Germany. But the public accounts of certain southern states of the European Union have come to constitute a problem for the economic and financial policy across the EU, whose solution has become an opportunity to advance their political construction, situation in which the Constitutionalists should make their best efforts.

EFFECTS OF A PUBLIC DEBT AND DEFICIT BUDGET

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the effects of the public debt and the budget deficit. The public debt is a result of the lack of adequate income earned by the financial sector, what means that it must incur liabilities to be able to carry out its tasks or improper management of the state budget funds - what results in the budget deficit. The size of the state's debt and the public debt has a very large impact on the socio-economic situa-tion of the country as well as on its financial policy. Due to the high indebtedness of the state, the whole economy is disturbed, the state authorities are not able to allocate an adequate amount of the funds to stimulate invest-ments. Such actions slow down the dynamics of economic development, what means that the state authorities most often look for savings. Unfortunately, this usually happens at the expense of the ordinary(?) citizens. Countries that have a high level of the debts tend to lose their credibility internationally. This may result in the fall in the foreign investments and the outflow of the foreign capital.

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