scholarly journals EFFECT OF WASTE MATERIALS ON CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO FOR GRANULAR BASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Special) ◽  
pp. 3-149-3-156
Author(s):  
Jleel H. Rasheed ◽  
◽  
Zainab A. Alkaissi ◽  
Hanan A. Hassan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Granular Base

It is known that paving is a system with multiple layers and the strength of each layer is reflected on the entire pavement. Two kinds of materials are used as the base layer, and the materials are divided into ordinary traditional granular materials and recycled materials such as foundry sand. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests in the laboratory and discusses the effect of each of the materials and foundry sand and its effect as a stabilizer on the strength of the substrate and as a stabilizer. Also, a comparison is made between the changes that occur in the base layer Cast sand treated and compared with untreated. A mixture of foundry sand with graded natural aggregate according to certain sizes is used as a stabilizer in proportions (5, 10 and 15) %. The treated and untreated base layer is compared in terms of strength. The base layer material is a traditional base material taken from the Nabaie quarry. Samples are made of three replicates of each possible group. Samples were prepared and subjected to a compressive strength CBR test. The obtained results indicate an increase in the resistance of the base material when using FS at a rate of (5%) with a treatment period of 4 days, while a ratio of 10% gave the highest resistance in a treatment period of 14 days, and these ratios gave more resistance than the untreated samples without the additive.

Moisture Accumulation and Pore Water Pressures at Base of Pavements

1996 ◽  
Vol 1546 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Eigenbrod ◽  
G. J. A. Kennepohl
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Base Material ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Pavement Base ◽  
Granular Base

A unique mechanism based on extensive field and laboratory studies is presented to account for certain premature failures of flexible pavements in cold areas like those in Scandinavia and in northern parts of Canada and the United States. Water condensing at the interface between pavement and granular base accumulates at subzero temperatures resulting in excess moisture in this zone. During the thaw period of the uppermost base layer, the excess water in the aggregate is trapped between impervious layers of frozen ground to the sides and below as well as an impervious layer of asphalt pavement above. Because of this containment, high pore water pressures can occur, leading to loss in shear strength of the base material and thus to failure of the pavement structure itself. It was found that under special conditions, excess moisture can accumulate in granular base with a silt content greater than 20 percent and very high pore water pressures can develop during initial thaw at the pavement-soil interface. With silt contents of less than 2 percent, excess pore water pressures can be avoided during thaw. It was also shown that when a clean open gravel is placed below the pavement on top of a silty base material, moisture accumulation near the pavement-base interface can be prevented, and thus also the development of high pore water pressures.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Subgrade Black Cotton Soil using Quarry Dust and Foundry Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5363-5366
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
Quarry Dust

Soilsstabilization cansbesexplained as the alteration of the soilsproperties by chemical or physicalsmeans in order to improve thesengineering excellence of the soil. The main objective of the soil stabilization is to raise the bearingscapacity of the clay soil, its opposition to weathering method and soilspermeability. The long-termsperformance of any constructionsproject depends on the reliability of the underlying soils. unsound clay soils can create considerable problems forspavements, Thereforessoil stabilization techniquessare essential to ensure the good constancy of clay soil so that it can successfully uphold the loadsof the superstructure specially in case of clayssoil which are very active, alsosit saves a lot of time andsmillions of funds whenscompared to the technique of cutting out and replacingsthe unsound soil. In this Studysdeals with the entire analysis of the enhancement of black cotton soilsproperties and itssstabilization using Quarry Dust and industrial Foundry sand. The basic tests were carriedsout on soil, quarry dust and foundry sand are Atterberg’s Limit, Modified Proctor Compaction and CBR Test with addition of 5%, 10% and 15 % of Quarry Dust to soil sample after result analysis, obtained keeping Quarry Dust 15% constant and addition of Foundry sand 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. After test results the maximum CBR Value found at 15% Quarry Dust and 15% Foundry Sand. Dumping of these waste materials is necessary as these are causing dangerous effects on the surroundings. With the same purpose literature review is undertaken on consumption of solid desecrate materials for the stabilization of soils and their performance are discussed.

Successful Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Quality Assurance-Quality Control of New Pavements

2003 ◽  
Vol 1861 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad L. Al-Qadi ◽  
Samer Lahouar ◽  
Amara Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
The One ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The successful application of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a quality assurance–quality control tool to measure the layer thicknesses of newly built pavement systems is described. A study was conducted on a newly built test section of Route 288 located near Richmond, Virginia. The test section is a three-lane, 370-m-long flexible pavement system composed of a granular base layer and three different hot-mix asphalt (HMA) lifts. GPR surveys were conducted on each lift of the HMA layers after they were constructed. To estimate the layer thicknesses, GPR data were analyzed by using simplified equations in the time domain. The accuracies of the GPR system results were checked by comparing the thicknesses predicted with the GPR to the thicknesses measured directly from a large number of cores taken from the different HMA lifts. This comparison revealed a mean thickness error of 2.9% for HMA layers ranging in thickness from 100 mm (4 in.) to 250 mm (10 in.). This error is similar to the one obtained from the direct measurement of core thickness.

Influence of Mix Fly and Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Selected Properties of Cement Mortars

2019 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Jakub Jura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The preliminary results of utilization of fly and bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of cement mortars has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). ). In the studies sand was replaced by mix of fly and bottom ash from the combustion of biomass in an amount of 10-30% by weight of cement CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex). The obtained cement mortar concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1), frost resistance (PN-EN 1015-11 and PN-B -04500 ) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the cement by mix ashes from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.

A sustainable approach to optimum utilization of used foundry sand in concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Rashid ◽  
Sana Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Foundry Sands ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Optimum Utilization ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources

AbstractConservation of natural resources, healthy environments, and optimal utilization of waste materials are intimate needs of the present time, and this research work was carried out to fulfill these needs. In this experimental and analytical study, concrete was prepared by replacing natural fine aggregates with two types of used foundry sands by 10%, 20% and 30% (by volume). The properties of fresh and hardened concrete were investigated and compared with a replacement amount of fine aggregates from 0% to 30%. Compressive strength was evaluated after 7, 28 and 63 days of moist curing. Along with compressive strength, the modulus of elasticity was also investigated and a reduction in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the amount of used foundry sand. A prediction formula was proposed to predict the compressive strength, and verified by current experimental observations and also with a large database that was also established in this work. The prediction formula may be considered as very helpful for predicting the potential of using used foundry sand as an aggregate in concrete.

Design of Flowable Fill: Waste Foundry Sand as a Fine Aggregate

1996 ◽  
Vol 1546 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Bhat ◽  
C. W. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Flowable Fill ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

Flowable fill is generally a mixture of sand, fly ash, a small amount of cement, and water. Sand is the major component of most flowable fill mixes; consequently, using a waste material as a substitute for natural sand results in the beneficial use of the waste material. Waste foundry sand (WFS) was used as a fine aggregate in this study. Three green sands from ferrous foundries and two Class F fly ashes were used. A natural river sand was used for comparison. The flow behavior, hardening characteristics, and ultimate strength behavior of flowable fill were investigated. The penetration resistance necessary to sustain walkability as the fresh flowable fill hardens was determined, and the time necessary to achieve this penetration resistance was defined as “walkable time.” The unconfined compressive strength at 28 days appeared to correlate well with the water-to-cement ratio. The 90-day compressive strength test results indicate that a maximum rise of 25 to 30 percent in long-term strength with respect to 28-day strength can be expected. The permeability of hardened flowable fill was found to be low (around 10−6cm/sec). The pH of pore solution of hardened flowable fill indicated that the potential for corrosivity is low. The toxicity tests indicated that some WFSs are environmentally safe. The concepts explained are not necessarily restricted to flowable fill containing WFS; they can be generalized as being applicable to all flowable fills.

Use of repeated load CBR test to characterize pavement granular materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 965-974
Author(s):  
Nagula Sparsha ◽  
R.G. Robinson ◽  
J. Murali Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Repeated Load

scholarly journals Impact of Elevated Temperatures on Strength Properties and Microstructure of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Paste

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6751
Author(s):  
Konrad A. Sodol ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽  
Jacek Szer ◽  
Sebastian Miszczak ◽  
Mariusz Stegliński
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Wide Range

This article is motivated by civil fire safety. Fire-prevention engineering demands a wide range of information about building materials including alternative cements, for instance CSA-cement. Because of exposure of the cement-base material to a high temperature, its strength properties deteriorate due to dehydration connected with phase and microstructure changes. Previous research indicated that the main endothermic reaction of CSA-based composite, dehydration of ettringite, might be used as a cooling system for a metal structure during fire-load. This article examines visual assessment, microstructure, density, as well as flexural and compressive strength parameters of CSA-based composite after isothermal heating at temperatures from 23 °C to 800 °C. The results of SEM/EDS investigations showed that the calcium sulfoaluminate paste may start partially re-sintering above 600 °C. Mechanical tests revealed significant reduction of strength parameters but residual compressive strength was maintained in the whole temperature range e.g., 8 MPa at 800 °C. Additionally, visual assessment of the specimens indicated that it might be possible to predict the material temperature heating based on the specific surface color. These findings add to the evidence of general knowledge about CSA hydrates.

scholarly journals Fly ash-, foundry sand-, clay-, and pumice-based metal oxide nanocomposites as green photocatalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 30805-30826
Author(s):  
Bui Thanh Son ◽  
Nguyen Viet Long ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Recent Advances

This review highlights recent advances in the utilization of natural materials (clay mineral and pumice)- and waste materials (ash and foundry sand)-based metal oxide nanocomposites for photodegradation of various pollutants.

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on the Compressive Strength of Green Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5728-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chandio ◽  
B. A. Memon ◽  
M. Oad ◽  
F. A. Chandio ◽  
M. U. Memon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Management Issues

This research paper aims at investigating the effects of fly ash as cement replacement in green concrete made with partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates with coarse aggregates from demolishing waste. Green concrete developed with waste materials is an active area of research as it helps in reducing the waste management issues and protecting the environment. Six concrete mixes were prepared using 1:2:4 ratio and demolishing waste was used in equal proportion with conventional aggregates, whereas fly ash was used from 0%-10% with an increment of 2.5%. The water-cement ratio used was equal to 0.5. Out of these mixes, one mix was prepared with all conventional aggregates and was used as the control, and one mix with 0% fly ash had only conventional and recycled aggregates. The slump test of all mixes was determined. A total of 18 cylinders of standard size were prepared and cured for 28 days. After curing the compressive strength of the specimens was evaluated under gradually increasing load until failure. It is observed that 5% replacement of cement with fly ash and 50% recycled aggregates gives better results. With this level of dosage of two waste materials, the reduction in compressive strength is about 11%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document