Biological, ecological characteristics, and management of mealybug speciesRastrococcus chinensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.)

Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.), locally known as ba kich, is widely planted in many mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam for medicinal uses. The mealybug species Rastrococcus chinensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is considered as the most dangerous insect pest forthe Indian mulberry in Vietnam. R. chinensis developed and reproduced normally at 25oC, but did not reproduce when the temperature reached 30oC. At 25oC, the life cycle was 75.19 days, the adult’s lifespan was about 81 days, the longevity was about 110 days. While at 30oC, the adult’s lifespan shortened to about 26 days with no fertility. The efficacy of azadirachtin + matrine (Golmec 9EC) with R. chinensiswas 73.44% at 7 days and prolonged until 14 days after treatment.

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DEVELOPMENT OF DETERGENT RECIPE WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

Environmental Problems ◽

10.23939/ep2020.04.223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Yuliia Slyva ◽

◽

Oleksiy Verenikin ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Synthetic Detergent ◽

General Scheme ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Environmental Characteristics ◽

Environmental Standard ◽

Ecological Characteristics ◽

Environmental Criteria ◽

Environmental Properties

The research on the development of an innovative formula of a synthetic detergent with improved environmental properties, which meet the environmental standard of SOU OEM 08.002.12.065:2016 "Detergents and cleaning products. Environmental criteria for life cycle assessment" is carried out. The accumulated theoretical and practical experience is generalized, the general scheme of designing and development of new goods taking into account features of detergents with the improved ecological characteristics is created.

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Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment between the Productions of Zinc from Conventional Concentrates Versus Waelz Oxides Obtained from Slags

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 580

Author(s):

Voicu-Teodor Muica ◽

Alexandru Ozunu ◽

Zoltàn Török

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Life Cycle Impact Assessment ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Process Data ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Zinc Metal ◽

Real Process ◽

Life Cycle Impact

(1) Background: The importance of Zinc in today’s world can hardly be exaggerated—from anticorrosion properties, to its durability, aesthetic, and even medicinal uses—zinc is ever-present in our daily lives ever since its discovery in ancient times. The natural, essential, durable, and recyclable features of zinc make it a prized material with uses in many applications across a wide array of fields. The purpose of this study was to compare two life cycle impact assessments of zinc production by using two different main raw materials: (A) zinc concentrates (sulfide ore) and (B) Waelz oxides (obtained through recycling existing imperial smelting process furnace slags). The Waelz oxide scenario was based on a case study regarding the existing slag deposit located in Copsa Mica town, Sibiu county, Romania. (2) Methods: consequential life cycle impact assessment methods were applied to each built system, with real process data obtained from the case study enterprise. (3) Results: Overall, the use of slags in the Waelz kiln to produce zinc oxides for use in the production of zinc metal is beneficial to the environment in some areas (acidification, water, and terrestrial eutrophication), whereas in other areas it has a slightly larger impact (climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion). (4) Conclusions: The use of slags (considered a waste) is encouraged to produce zinc metal, where available. The results are not absolute, suggesting the further need for fine-tuning the input data and other process parameters.

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Ecological characteristics of Varroa destructor (parasitiformes, varroidea) and its environmental capacity as a key factor for development of varroosis panzootia

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/v10058-012-0034-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

I. A. Akimov ◽

O. P. Korzh

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Host Species ◽

Varroa Destructor ◽

Varroa Mite ◽

Environmental Capacity ◽

Ecological Characteristics ◽

High Pathogenicity ◽

Key Factor

Ecological Characteristics of Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes, Varroidae) and Its Environmental Capacity as a Key Factor for Development of Varroosis Panzootia. Akimov I. A., Korzh O. P. - By means of formalized schematic models of relationship with hosts the varroa mite uniqueness as a parasite is shown. The life cycle of this species requires the change of a host species at different stages of their development and physiological states. Thus the mite parasitizes not only a separate bee but a whole hive. The fact that the whole hive but not a single bee dies during varroosis development supports this idea. The impetus for this type of parasitism is the relative constancy of the environment in the hive supported by bees even in winter. Exactly this fact causes high pathogenicity of the varroa for the honey bee and its control complexity.

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Detection of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) wool using Velcro-covered balls

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2021.24 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Jeffrey G. Fidgen ◽

Mark C. Whitmore ◽

Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽

Jean J. Turgeon

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

North America ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Adelges Tsugae ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Sample Sizes ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Precision Level ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a nonindigenous insect pest of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) (Pinaceae) in eastern North America, spends most of its life cycle within an ovisac, which resembles a woolly white mass on twigs. We evaluated the probability of detecting adelgid wool with Velcro®-covered balls when taking an increasing number of samples per tree (field sampling) and number of trees per simulated stand. We examined the relationship between the detection of adelgid wool using this technique and the incidence of A. tsugae-infested twigs by sampling lower-crown branch tips of the same trees. We found that the probability of detecting wool with ball sampling increased with number of ball samples per tree, with number of trees per simulated stand, and with increasing incidence of ovisacs in the lower crown. When sampling an individual tree, we found that 20 ball samples per tree achieved a targeted precision level of 0.75, but when sampling a stand, we found that 10 ball samples per tree took the least time for the range of simulated A. tsugae infestations we tested. These sample sizes are recommended for detection of A. tsugae infestations on an individual tree and in a hemlock stand.

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Strategies for controlling western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.53.2005.1.9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Széll ◽

I. Zsellér ◽

G. Ripka ◽

J. Kiss ◽

G. Princzinger

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽

Western Corn Rootworm ◽

Corn Rootworm ◽

Diabrotica Virgifera ◽

Non Profit ◽

Small Plot

Western corn rootworm (WCR) first appeared in Europe near Belgrade airport in 1992. The first adult of this species was found near Mórahalom, in the southern part of Hungary, on 30th June 1995. Small-plot trials were started in Szeged (Cereal Research Non-Profit Co.) and large-scale trials in Mezohegyes (Ménesbirtok Ltd.) in 1996 to elaborate strategies to control this insect pest. To make the work more efficient, eight experts working at different institutions formed a team. At the same time, monitoring was begun on when and where the insect appeared and in what numbers. The experiments were adapted to the life cycle of the species. WCR has one generation per year, laying eggs that overwinter. Larvae begin to hatch in late May to mid-June. Adults emerge by mid-July and survive till early October. They lay eggs in abundance from mid-July to late August. Trials were conducted to control WCR both with and without chemicals. For adult control pesticides were sprayed from an aircraft or using a field sprayer. Larval control involved seed treatment with insecticide or the use of soil insecticide at planting or at cultivation.

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Life cycle and genetic differences of two Branchipus schaefferi populations from Morocco (Anostraca: Crustacea)

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/157075607782232152 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 409-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lynda Beladjal ◽

Peter Weekers ◽

Johan Mertens

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Ribosomal Genes ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Variable Regions ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Ecological Characteristics ◽

Branchipus Schaefferi

AbstractThe somatic growth, longevity, and reproduction of two Moroccan anostracan populations from different climatic areas were studied under standardized laboratory conditions. Both populations were subjected to allozyme analyses covering four loci, and molecular analyses of the variable regions, the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 & ITS2) intervening the nuclear ribosomal genes (18S, 5.8S, 28S rDNA). The ecological characteristics of the life cycle of each population are presented, together with their genetic differences and phylogenetic relationships.

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Potential of the Parasitoid Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n7p146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Juliana Simonato ◽

Harley N. de Oliveira ◽

José F. J. Grigolli ◽

Mirian M. Kubota Grigolli ◽

Ivana F. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

High Rate ◽

No Release ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an insect pest that attacks several cultures and has been a cause of concern in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate parasitism in pupae and caterpillars of H. armigera by Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in laboratory, as well as checking if T. howardi parasitoid has the ability to locate and infect H. armigera. In the laboratory, pupae of H. armigera and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were exposed to 15 T. howardi females for 24 hours. Third, fourth and fifth instars of H. armigera were exposed to three T. howardi females for 24 hours. In the field experiment, cages were installed. Ten caterpillars of the fifth instar of H. armigera were released in each cage and waited for the necessary period for them to soak in the soil. After this period, 150 T. howardi females were released in each of four cages and in one cage there was no release of parasitoids. In the laboratory, the percentage of parasitized and emergent pupae was 100% in both hosts. The life cycle of T. howardi in H. armigera pupae was 15 days, and for D. saccharalis it was 16 days. The progeny was significantly larger for the host H. armigera (689.00) compared to D. saccharalis (358.27). The sex ratio was 0.91 and 0.87 for H. armigera and D. saccharalis, respectively. The longevity of males (25.60 days) and females (26.95 days) in the treatment with H. armigera differed from the treatment with D. saccharalis, which was 21.70 days for males and 22.95 days for females. For the experiment with H. armigera caterpillars, it was found that only two caterpillars from the fifth instar were parasitized with emergence of parasitoids in the pupal phase, with a progeny of 81 individuals; egg-adult cycle was 19.5 days; sex ratio of 0.88; male longevity was 19.6 days and for females 20.3 days. Despite the high rate of parasitism of T. howardi in H. armigera pupae in the laboratory, the same did not occur for caterpillars. In the field evaluation, of the total of 50 caterpillars released in the cages, 34 pupae were collected. Of these, 31 pupae had emergence of the H. armigera moth. No parasitism by T. howardi was found in H. armigera pupae. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate T. howardi parasitism in H. armigera pupae under field conditions.

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Effects of Injury by a Pyralid Insect Pest on Duckweed Growth and Productivity in Minipond Ecosystem

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10920 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

N Parven ◽

MA Bashar ◽

MAK Chowdhury ◽

SB Quraishi

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Infestation Intensity ◽

Pond Ecosystem ◽

Characteristic Nature ◽

Feeding Adaptations ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

The Impact

The strategic points of a pyralid insect, Synclita occidentalis (Pylralidae, Lepidoptera) on duckweed productivity, life cycle and its association with duckweed (host-plant) in pond ecosystem was studied. A total of 16 samples were used to study the infestation intensity and the impact of pest on duckweed production. The insect was found deeply associated with duckweed to complete its life cycle. The pyralid insect attains its pest status at larval stage and continues up-to the pupal stage. Larval and pupal case-making and feeding adaptations were noted as the characteristic nature of injury. The larvae build case with duckweed fronds and roots and use duckweed fronds that failed to multiply further. The crop of larva was the largest and widest part of the alimentary canal and varied exceedingly along with larval category. The experimental result indicated that pest impact in two different experimental miniponds was different in quantities but similar in mode of action. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10920 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 53-59, 2012

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Biología de Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): plaga potencial de la palma de aceite en la zona pacífica colombiana

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:76 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

William Tolosa ◽

Eduardo Amador Peña

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Research Station ◽

La Palma ◽

Potential Pest ◽

Negative Impacts

En Colombia se han detectado diversas especies de insectos plaga que afectan la palma de aceite en las cuatro zonas geográficas en las cuales se encuentra establecido este cultivo permanente. Algunas prácticas de control no han sido las más adecuadas, lo que ha originado desequilibrios en los agroecosistemas que inciden sobre la entomofauna naturalmente asociada al cultivo, ocasionando el incremento de las poblaciones de insectos plaga ya conocidos y el surgimiento de especies desconocidas que, por sus hábitos alimenticios y reproductivos, deben considerarse como plagas potenciales. La aparición de Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en la zona productora de Tumaco (Nariño) puede representar uno de esos casos, pues muestreos foliares efectuados durante 2005 en lotes de palma de aceite de seis años de edad plantados en la Estación Experimental El Mira de Corpoica, registraron poblaciones de hasta 4 larvas/hoja que superan la baja infestación previamente reportada de 1 larva/hoja. Este trabajo se realizó para establecer la biología y hábitos de Memphis sp. en la zona de Tumaco (Nariño) y aportar al conocimiento del ciclo de vida de este insecto. Biology of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a potential pest of oil palm in the western Colombian coastIn Colombia several species of insect pest affect oil palm in each of the four geographical zones where it is planted. Some management practices have not been adequately performed and agroecosystem imbalances have resulted, with negative impacts on the natural entomofauna associated to this crop, causing increases of insect pests already present and given rise to potential new pests mainly because of their feeding and reproductive habits. The report of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Tumaco (Nariño) could be such a case. Foliar surveys done on 2005 in six year old palms at the El Mira Research Station of Corpoica, reported populations of 4 larvae/leaf, an increase from the low lever infestation of 1 larvae/leaf previously reported. This study reports on the insect life cycle and the biology and habits of Memphis sp.

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