scholarly journals Femininity and Masculinity in Arabic Words: Gender Marking in Muslim Cosmology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Muassomah Muassomah ◽  
Wildana Wargadinata ◽  
Galuh Nur Rohmah ◽  
Rohmani Nur Indah ◽  
Siti Masitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
Modern Standard

The Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) language strongly indicates the sociolinguistic phenomenon as it reflects gender marking in language use. This study aims to explore how the Arabic letters attributed to specific gender identities, how the gender ideology of Arab culture create gender biases, and how the biases influence Arab social structure. It uses aspects of masculinity and femininity of Arabic letters that affect gender inequality and order of values on language, tradition and culture. Masculine letters are letters that have the property of being able to hold and entail other letters, while feminine letters that have the nature can be attached with other letters but cannot be attached. In this study, Arabic letters were mapped by observing their use in written and oral interaction in the contexts of Arab as first and second language. This research is a qualitative in nature. The data on ideology's influence on social structure were collected through interviews with three key informants representing their areas of expertise on language anthropology, sociolinguistic, and applied linguistic. The morphological analysis was carried out to identify the internal structure of the words. The sociolinguistic analysis explored the linguistic construction that to social construction. The finding showed that their internal structures, these letters were classified as masculine or feminine. From the sociolinguistic point of view, gender issues following social construction that has already formed gender relations. In other words, Arabic letters affect the order of values that tend to be gender-biased in the Arabic context.

Representations of Masculinities in Gaya Jiji's Film Named My Favorite Fabric

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-354
Author(s):  
Baran Barış
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Masculinity Studies ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity

Masculinity refers to the roles expected of men by gender ideology. Masculinity studies after 1990 revealed that masculinity cannot be taken as a universal subject. Another important concept in this study is orientalism. Orientalism generally refers to the West's point of view regarding the East. In Western narratives, Eastern women are generally depicted as oppressed heroes, and men as heroes who are always strong. However, alternative narratives reveal that different forms of femininity and masculinity can be seen in Eastern societies. In this study, a Syrian director's film named My Favorite Fabric is analyzed with a semiotic method within the framework of these concepts. When the representations of masculinity in the film are examined, it is seen that different forms of masculinity are constructed, and an alternative to the orientalist discourse is presented accordingly. It has been revealed that different variables are effective in the construction of masculinities.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

scholarly journals Lak proverbs with the religious code of culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
The Given ◽  
Syntactical Analysis

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

scholarly journals ¿Dónde está mi Capital? Una Reflexión Personal sobre la Habilidad y el Acceso al Reconocimiento para la Inclusión en Educación Física

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsaso Nabaskues ◽  
Oidui Usabiaga ◽  
Daniel Martos-García
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Preservice Teacher Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Traditional Manner

Ability is a social construction that influences the access to recognition of people in the field of physical activity and sports (PASS) and in PE in particular. However, the notion of ability is defined in a simplistic and traditional manner and, consequently, experiences of symbolic violence are visible for those with specific body and tastes that do not match the dominant normative and hegemonic discourses embedded in the field. This study focuses on the narration of my own experiences of symbolic violence and “capital-dependence” as an “able” woman in the field of PASS. Through the analysis of critical moments from a retrospective point of view, I try to explain the evolution of my way of understanding the notion of ability and the circumstances that have contributed to the transformation of my discourse based on the socio-cultural perspective. I conclude that it is necessary to promote reflective practice in preservice teacher education programs as a way to increase awareness of embodied discourses’ influence in and from the different fields of PASS towards the construction of more inclusive movement contexts.

Cancer and Imputed Infection: Images of ‘The Disease’ among Patients' Relatives

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meira Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transient Stage ◽  
The Social

A description of the social construction of cancer is offered from the cancer patient's relatives' point of view, focusing on the linkage made between contamination and cancer. The ethnography brings together four detailed observations of cancer patients found in a transient stage of remission, who are perceived by their relatives as paradoxically being at one and the same time very good-looking and also very sick. A semiotic explanation to the phenomenon of imputed infection with regard to cancer patients of ‘doubtful appearance’ is discussed, arguing that such imputation can be seen as one of several mechanisms intended to force the disease ‘into the open’ and thus re-align the lost congruence between internal and external.

Types of Social Structure as Factors in "Cures" for Alcohol Addiction

1942 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freed Bales
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alcohol Addiction

Alcoholism has presented a serious psychiatric and public health problem for many years both from the point of view of social consequences and from the point of view of effective treatment. Many psychiatrists hesitate to speak of "cures" at all, preferring the terms "improved" or "arrested cases". Although the problem has been attacked from the most various hypotheses concerning the nature of addiction, "cures" have always been very difficult and uncertain, no matter what type of therapy has been used. Against this background of medical and psychiatric experience the claim of one temperance group stands out in startling relief: "One-hundred-per-cent effectiveness with non-psychotic drinkers who sincerely want to quit is claimed by the workers of Alcoholics Anonymous."

Gender and Sexuality in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
Modern State ◽  
National Society ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
National Period

This article discusses gender and sexuality during the national period and the shift from women's history to the study of the social construction of both femininity and masculinity and of various forms of sexuality. It argues that this has problematized “the notion of universalized female oppression,” a trend in line with the general historiographical emphasis on individual and collective agency since the 1980s. Gender here is both a topic and a category of analysis. The discussion thus sheds much light on other aspects of—in this case, national—society, such as notions of nationality and citizenship, the nature of the modern state and law, populism, and revolutionary and feminist politics.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Ties in Factor Allocation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-621
Author(s):  
Ulrik Beck ◽  
Benedikte Bjerge ◽  
Marcel Fafchamps
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Land Inequality ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Factor Ratios

Abstract We investigate whether social structure helps or hinders factor allocation using unusually rich data from the Gambia. Evidence indicates that land available for cultivation is allocated unequally across households; and that factor transfers are more common between neighbors, co-ethnics, and kinship-related households. Does this lead to the conclusion that land inequality is due to flows of land between households being impeded by social divisions? To answer this question, a novel methodology that approaches exhaustive data on dyadic flows from an aggregate point of view is introduced. Land transfers lead to a more equal distribution of land and to more comparable factor ratios across households in general. But equalizing transfers of land are not more likely within ethnic or kinship groups. In conclusion, ethnic and kinship divisions do not hinder land and labor transfers in a way that contributes to aggregate factor inequality. Labor transfers do not equilibrate factor ratios across households. But it cannot be ruled out that they serve a beneficial role, for example, to deal with unanticipated health shocks.

scholarly journals Postmodern feminism and disability: Toward multiple identities of „disabled“ bodies

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
Luka Mijatovic ◽  
Mirko Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postmodern Feminism ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Gender Theories

From the postmodern theorists point of view, disabled bodies primarily are objects of performing the power, in several ways: from ?staring? as the act of labeling, to medicalization, rehabilitation and ?normalization?. Feminist theory of disability tends to combine gender and disability and to perceive them together as social construction products which ?deviate from standards?. In postmodern theories of gender, primarily in the works of Judith Butler and Elizabeth Grosz, there is a noticeable tendency to attach a dynamic, relational characteristic to gender, and to observe gender differences in the process of intersecting all other binary differences. In addition, in order to deconstruct sex/gender differences, an increasing emphasis is put on the body as a field for inscribing culturally constructed distinctions. This paper explores the possibility of synthesizing knowledge in the field of postmodern gender theories and postmodern understanding of disability. It examines how gender binarism intersects with binarism ?disability - nondisability,? and whether, at the level of ?disabled? bodies, gender differences become invisible.

scholarly journals Construção social da moradia de risco: a experiência de Juiz de Fora (MG)

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora Ramos Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Risk ◽  
Precarious Situation

A problemática da moradia de risco tem ganhado ênfase no debate contemporâneo sobre políticas públicas urbanas. As diversas iniciativas observadas se enquadram, de maneira geral, na perspectiva objetivista do risco, que traz como principal decorrência a demanda pela mensuração e quantificação do fenômeno. Resulta daí uma visão técnica do risco que se apresenta dominante, e que promove não só a noção de que as situações precárias envolvendo grupos específicos são decorrentes de decisões imprevidentes, como também intervenções de remoção que afetam as condições de vida desses grupos. Problematizando esse argumento, a literatura sociológica da construção social do risco sustenta que este é objeto de uma elaboração socialmente diferenciada. Utilizando-se da análise das trajetórias de moradia de famílias removidas de áreas condenadas tecnicamente no município de Juiz de Fora (MG), este artigo aponta discursos e práticas que conformam a resistência da população à noção técnica dominante do risco. Palavras-chave: construção social do risco; desigualdade ambiental; periferia urbana. Abstract: The social problem of risk is increasingly relevant to contemporary debates, especially on public policies and urban affairs. In general, most of the initiatives come from an objectivist perspective of risks, based on quantification and mensuration of phenomena. From this technical approach emerges a dominant conception of risk, which spreads out the reckoning that precarious situation involving specific urban poverty groups are due to ‘irrational consumption options’; influenced by this point of view, social intervention comes out disqualifying those groups practices and interfering deeply in their lives. Discussing this argument, recent sociological literature presents the social construction of risk, structured on the idea that the notion of ‘risk’ is socially constructed by differentiated groups, that bring upon different symbolic references, social representations and material practices. Using as empiric reference the trajectories of families removed from their home places – characterized by municipality engineering as ‘technically condemned’ – in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, this article stresses the discursive elements and material practices that express the resistance of there moved people to the dominant technical conception of risk. Keywords: social construction of risk; environmental inequality; urban periphery.

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