Representations of Masculinities in Gaya Jiji's Film Named My Favorite Fabric

Author(s):  
Baran Barış

Masculinity refers to the roles expected of men by gender ideology. Masculinity studies after 1990 revealed that masculinity cannot be taken as a universal subject. Another important concept in this study is orientalism. Orientalism generally refers to the West's point of view regarding the East. In Western narratives, Eastern women are generally depicted as oppressed heroes, and men as heroes who are always strong. However, alternative narratives reveal that different forms of femininity and masculinity can be seen in Eastern societies. In this study, a Syrian director's film named My Favorite Fabric is analyzed with a semiotic method within the framework of these concepts. When the representations of masculinity in the film are examined, it is seen that different forms of masculinity are constructed, and an alternative to the orientalist discourse is presented accordingly. It has been revealed that different variables are effective in the construction of masculinities.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Muassomah Muassomah ◽  
Wildana Wargadinata ◽  
Galuh Nur Rohmah ◽  
Rohmani Nur Indah ◽  
Siti Masitoh ◽  
...  

The Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) language strongly indicates the sociolinguistic phenomenon as it reflects gender marking in language use. This study aims to explore how the Arabic letters attributed to specific gender identities, how the gender ideology of Arab culture create gender biases, and how the biases influence Arab social structure. It uses aspects of masculinity and femininity of Arabic letters that affect gender inequality and order of values on language, tradition and culture. Masculine letters are letters that have the property of being able to hold and entail other letters, while feminine letters that have the nature can be attached with other letters but cannot be attached. In this study, Arabic letters were mapped by observing their use in written and oral interaction in the contexts of Arab as first and second language. This research is a qualitative in nature. The data on ideology's influence on social structure were collected through interviews with three key informants representing their areas of expertise on language anthropology, sociolinguistic, and applied linguistic. The morphological analysis was carried out to identify the internal structure of the words. The sociolinguistic analysis explored the linguistic construction that to social construction. The finding showed that their internal structures, these letters were classified as masculine or feminine. From the sociolinguistic point of view, gender issues following social construction that has already formed gender relations. In other words, Arabic letters affect the order of values that tend to be gender-biased in the Arabic context.


Author(s):  
Tejaswini Katare ◽  
Disha Sharma ◽  
Ganesh Puradkar ◽  
Arun Dudhamal

Aam is an important concept described by Ayurvedic Acharyas which is responsible for many diseases. According to Ayurvedic point of view, all diseases are originated from aamdosh, vitiation of Agni i.e malfunction of Agni produces Aam. Aam is unripe, undigested food which is caused due to Agnimandya. Agnimandya produces aam and viceversa. We all know that all diseases are caused due to Agnimandya. Therefore as agnimandya and aam are the causative factors of each other, aam is the root cause of all diseases. Hence aam and agnimandya plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nowadays due to lack of exercise, unhygienic and unhealthy diet, incapability to obey the rules of sound body maintenance and increasing pollution results in agnimandya and aam production in the body and decrease in immunity resulting into various diseases. The concept of aam is the most important fundamental principal of Ayurveda in understanding the physio- pathology of the disease.


1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Izawa ◽  
John Yeh

In summary, apoptosis is an important concept in understanding many facets of human reproduction. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of apoptosis will allow us to understand this physiologically important process. How can the modulation of this process be applied to human reproduction? Studies to further understand the abnormalities of apoptosis, either too much or too little, may lead to a better understanding of the clinical problems in human reproduction.We summarize future directions towards further understanding the roles of apoptotic processes in human reproduction in Table 3. The diseases listed in Table 3 are problems which could be approached from the apoptosis point of view. With further study using this concept as the lens, new diagnostic tools or therapies may be developed for these problems.


Anafora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Shafigheh Keivan

The Eve of St. Agnes is one of Keats’s most challenging poems when it comes to the poet’s emotions and beliefs on social structures, life, death, men, and women. Consequently, The Eve of St. Agnes becomes the arena of the conflict between femininity and masculinity, which preoccupied the poet during the composition of the poem. In the essay, we seek to examine this conflict in The Eve of St. Agnes through the Lacanian concept of the Gaze. This point of view allows us to analyze Keats’s ambivalence towards gender.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3and4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Das

Cash plays a very important role in modern business, specifically a new one. Cash is the life blood of every business. Cash may be in the form of liquid money, bank balance etc. In this respect, cash management is both art as well as science of managing a companys short-term resources for its ongoing activities, mobilizing funds and optimizing liquidity. In this contest another important concept which is related with the cash management is the Treasury technique which emphasizes the liquidity by different factors and processes which convert immediately into cash for increasing profitability. Inefficient cash management may lead the company to bankruptcy. In this paper we highlighted different perspectives by which we can control the corporate cash of the company from Cash Conversion Cycle, Cash Flow, and Creditworthiness point of view. In this paper we tried to interlink among them to control and manage cash well, so that bankruptcy can be prevented and profitability should be improved.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mathias Winkler

Abstract Taking a look at Lot through the lens of Biblical Masculinity Studies, we see him constantly trying to meet ideals of a performance of hegemonic masculinity but failing to do so. This paper uncovers masculinity as the motor of the narrative in the Lot stories, especially in Gen 19. The stories make fun of Lot and his offspring, the Moabites and Ammonites, as “failed” men. This paper analyses how this is achieved by the authors. Masculinity and masculine traits are artistically and deliberately used as a highly idealised background foil in order to highlight Lot’s failure. Furthermore, the authors’ point of view is highly ideological. They are in a superior and dominant position from which they portray Lot and his masculinity. They do this from safe distance, since they themselves are not represented in the stories by a character.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259223
Author(s):  
Céline Miani ◽  
Lisa Wandschneider ◽  
Jana Niemann ◽  
Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort ◽  
Oliver Razum

Background The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health and its role in the production of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which often stem from disciplines outside of epidemiology, makes it difficult to assess their practicality and relevance for a given research purpose. We conducted a scoping review to 1) map the evidence of how gender can be operationalised in quantitative epidemiology and 2) design a tool to critically evaluate the measures identified. Methods We identified peer-reviewed articles in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO). Eligible sources described the quantitative operationalisation of the social dimension of gender. With the help of a newly developed checklist, we assessed their relevance from an analytical perspective (e.g. intersectionality) and their potential for implementation in epidemiology. Results Gender measures principally assessed gender roles and norms, gender-based discrimination and violence, and structural gender (in)equality. Of the 344 measures included in this review, the majority lacked theoretical foundation, and tended to reinforce the binary understanding of gender through stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Only few measures allowed for an intersectional approach and a multilevel understanding of gender mechanisms. From a practical point of view, gender measures demonstrated potential for use in varied populations and contexts. Conclusions A range of gender measures are readily available for epidemiological research, addressing different levels and dimensions of gender as a social construct. With our theory-informed, practice-driven scoping review, we highlighted strengths and limitations of such measures and provided analytical tools for researchers interested in conducting intersectional, gender-sensitive analyses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Annuk ◽  
Piret Voolaid

Artiklis on tähelepanu all sooline aspekt grafitis ja tänavakunstis kui konteksti- ja kommunikatsioonikeskses kultuuriilmingus. Põhiküsimused on, kuidas soolisus ja sooline kommunikatsioon grafitis avaldub ning milline on grafiti soolisustatud esteetika. Analüüs osutab soolistele klišeedele grafitis ja näitab stereotüüpseid arusaamu laiemas sotsiokultuurilises tähenduses. Teisalt toob uurimus esile ka grafiti ja tänavakunsti rolli sooliste stereotüüpide vaidlustajana ja uudsete tähenduste esiletoojana. Uurimus põimib grafiti ja tänavakunsti käsitlused soouurimusliku lähenemisviisiga ning kasutab uurimismeetodina grafiti ja tänavakunsti kui efemeerse kultuuriilmingu kontekstualiseerimist vaataja perspektiivist. Artikli allikmaterjali moodustavad põhiliselt aastail 2010–2020 jäädvustatud grafitid, mis on koondatud internetiandmebaasi „Grafiti andmebaas“.   Graffiti and street art belong inseparably to the present-day urban space and their various sociocultural meanings are related to different subcultural layers. The involvement of graffiti and street art in urban space refers to the fact that these are informal ways of depiction which have sometimes been taken to be vandalism. On the other hand, graffiti are a democratic, open and dialogical way of representation, as everyone can make changes in them and add their own commentaries. Graffiti and street art reveal power relations in society, that is why they have also been seen as the undermining of public authority. Such opinion is related to the specific character of graffiti and street art as non-institutional art. Western researchers have associated graffiti and street art with the male subculture, with an area where male identities are created. Although women have in recent years become more visible among street artists and they have also introduced the so-called feminine subjects, this has not changed the general image of graffiti as the male subculture. Differing from Western countries, graffiti and street art have been relatively less studied in Estonia and no attention have been paid at all to the gender aspect of graffiti and street art. The article focusses on the study of gender relevance in Estonian graffiti and street art. The key questions here are how gender (or femininity and masculinity) and gender communication are represented in graffiti and how the aspects of gender aesthetics are revealed. As its sources, the article uses the examples of graffiti, collected in Estonia in 2010-2020 and recorded in the internet database “Grafiti andmebaas” (www.folklore.ee/Graffiti). The database contains also different of graffiti-related metadata, such as the context, the time of its making, the author (when known), etc., including, all in all, about 700 different records of graffiti. The database does not have much information about the authors; therefore, we could not concentrate on the analysis of the differences in the graffiti and street art created by men and women. Our research method was to interpret graffiti and street art from the position of the viewer. In a way, this approach can be associated with visual autoethnography, analysing visual artefacts and the archive containing photos of these artefacts (see Hamdy 2015, 69). The authors’ practical observations and intuitive interpretations of graffiti also play a role in this approach. We analyse graffiti as a mix of visual and textual representation where both elements carry some important meaning; however, very often, a piece of graffiti is formed either by an image or a text only. Analysing the graffiti and street art database, we discovered that gender is in some way or other expressed in one fourth of the works of graffiti and street art included in it. We analysed how gender is represented in texts and images, how femininity and masculinity are represented, whether the works express masculine or feminine points of view, and how all this is done by the artists.  On the basis of works collected in the database we can conclude that a large part of graffiti and street art often represents the masculine point of view (most of the quotations and visual images are related to well-known men, but very few of them refer to well-known women). This could possibly indicate that the majority of authors are men and that men continue to be more visible both in society and in culture which, in its turn, is again reflected in graffiti. The greater visibility of men in society and culture is related to the greater authority of men and masculinity. On the other hand, femininity is often represented in stereotypes, e.g., by sexualising the female body. Among other aspects, the graffiti recorded in the database reflects the gender stereotypes which are widely spread and accepted in society, such as the notion of clean, neat and sober women, while men are seen as influential public figures (e.g., politicians), and masculinity is related to stereotypical behaviour, such as the consumption of alcohol. To counterbalance the masculine stereotypes, there are some exceptional hints on the so-called soft masculinity, and a few images where men and women are represented as equal partners. However, we can say that women are also visible as the authors of graffiti, as it can be seen in the emergence of new perspectives as well as in the diversification of the visual way of representation in graffiti and street art. Graffiti and street art created by women, such as works made by MinajaLydia, highlight the positive experience of being a woman, which can be seen as an attempt of increasing the visibility and authority of women in public space. Regarding the gender aspect, a certain amount of graffiti and street art can be considered neutral, but the possible gender interpretations may depend on the viewer in the role of the active creator of meaning.  


Author(s):  
Ana Catarina Pereira

Resumo: No âmbito das teorias feministas do cinema, e dos estudos fílmicos em geral, algumas questões têm sido levantadas ao longo das últimas décadas, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à exigência de uma maior representatividade feminina no mundo da realização e produção cinematográficas. Sendo o olhar do espectador, como Laura Mulvey sugeriu, pressupostamente masculino, treinado por realizadores com fantasias e tendências voyeuristas homogéneas, a questão seguinte seria inevitável: poderá este mesmo olhar assumir características distintas, quando mediado por uma mulher? Poderá a arte, ao contrário dos anjos, ter sexo? Existirá, neste sentido, uma “estética feminina”, como Silvia Bovenschen, em artigo homónimo, publicado em Setembro de 1976, procura antecipar? Procurá-la não implicará um aprofundar de estereótipos associados à feminilidade e à masculinidade, todos eles redutores, segundo o ponto de vista de Michel Foucault e Judith Butler, bem como a atribuição de um certo carácter de exotismo, pela falta de representatividade nos circuitos artísticos? Enunciando e debatendo os principais argumentos dos autores mencionados, propomo-nos, no presente artigo, responder às questões colocadas. Palavras-chave: voyeurismo; espectadora; ausência; receptividade; identificação. Abstract: In the context of feminist theories of cinema, and film studies in general, some questions have been raised in the past few decades, concerning the need for a greater representation of women in the world of film making and production. Accepting the idea of a viewer gaze, as Laura Mulvey suggested, supposedly male, trained by directors with fantasies and uniformed voyeuristic tendencies, the next question is inevitable: might this gaze have different characteristics when mediated by a woman? Can the art, unlike the angels, have sex? Is there, in this sense, a “feminine aesthetic”, as Silvia Bovenschen, on an article with the same name, published in September 1976, looks forward to anticipate? To look for it does not imply a deepening of stereotypes associated with femininity and masculinity, all reducers, according to the point of view of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, as well as the assignment of a certain exoticism’ character, motivated by the lack of representation in the art circuit? Outlining and discussing the main arguments of the authors above mentioned, we propose, in this paper, to answer these questions. Keywords: voyeurism; female spectator; absence; receptivity; identification.Resumen: “Las mujeres son diferentes, y una manifestación natural de esta diferencia (nota bene!) es precisamente el hecho de que son incapaces de producir arte.” (Bovenschen, 1976: 115).Haciéndose eco del paralelismo ya realizado por Simone de Beauvoir en el ensayo El segundo sexo, Silvia Bovenschen vuelve, en un artículo publicado en 1976 que nos proponemos discutir aquí, a la asociación asumida entre una perspectiva descriptiva masculina y la verdad absoluta. En su opinión, el dominio de la producción artística por el género masculino habrá originado una inaccesibilidad y una extrañeza relativas a la otra mitad de la población, que se denuncia por el carácter de exotismo que muchos críticos votaron a los pocos, y de cierta forma lejos entre si mismos, objetos culturales producidos por las mujeres, a lo largo de la historia. Otra consecuencia natural de este fracaso, descrito por el uso del término déficit, importado del lenguaje economicista, todavía sería, a nuestro juicio, una segregación de la dicha producción en una sola clase: una escritura femenina, una mirada femenina, un rasgo femenino. Con la restricción, la incertidumbre se multiplica: la escritura femenina es la que centra su atención en mujeres fuertes y decididas, la que demuestra una sensibilidad y capacidad de observación característica de un género, o la que construye una narrativa entrecruzada, por la sociológicamente establecida capacidad de realizar múltiples tareas asociadas al mismo sexo?


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document