scholarly journals Olha Morozova "Doslidzhennia istorii Ukrainy pershoi polovyny XX st. v suchasnii polskii istoriohrafii: napriamky, kontseptsii, dyskusii / Badania historii Ukrainy pierwszej połowy XX wieku we współczesnej historiografii polskiej: trendy, koncepcje, dyskusje", Vydavnytstvo CzNU im. Petra Mohyly, Mikolaiv 2020, ss. 432

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Srogosz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought

This paper analyses the state of contemporary Polish historiography about the history of Ukraine in the first half of the 20th century, a very dramatic period in Polish-Ukrainian relations, with a high emotional charge, influenced by political and ideological elements. Olha Morozova’s book is an important voice in the historiographic Polish-Ukrainian discourse. The author indicates different aspects linking the history of both nations, but without passing over the difficult or even dramatic moments of their common history. The book enriches contemporary knowledge about Polish historical thought, prompts Ukrainian and Polish historians to reflect and perhaps reorient their findings and assessments. Olha Morozova takes the position of continuing the calm Polish-Ukrainian dialogue, eliminating the emotional and ideological elements as much as possible.

Tradition, Innovations and Historical Events in the Early 20th Century Chinese Calendars from the Russian Collections

2021 ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technology Of Production

The paper discusses two types of Chinese calendars – a traditional agricultural calendar “nongli” which existed in China since the 9th century and a Westernized “yuefenpai” calendar that emerged in Shanghai in the late 19th century and flourished until the 30-40s of the 20th century. Apart from the lunar and solar calendars and a table of 24 seasons woodblock “nongli” calendar featured a Stove God Zao-wang alone or with a spouse surrounded by a suite, fortune bringing deities and auspicious symbols, Stove God was believed to ascend to heaven and report good and bad deeds of the family members to the Jade Emperor. New standards of “peoples`” art in PRC borrowed the aesthetics of the traditional woodblock popular prints by proclaiming “new nianhua” as a new tool of propaganda and criticizing “yuefenpai”.“Yuefenpai” differed from “nongli” by modern technology of production and acting as an advertisement, yet early pieces of Shanghai calendars either feature auspicious characters and motifs or introduce current political events, such as accession of the Pu Yi emperor on the throne in 1908 (reigned in 1908–1912). These calendars were seen to be a cheap and easily available media suitable for informing population about news and innovations. The paper attempts to revisit previously established interpretations of some “yuefenpai” calendars. The research is based unpublished pieces from the collections of the State Hermitage, the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, academic library of the St.-Petersburg State University, the State Museum of the History of Religion mostly acquired by V.M. Alekseev (1881–1951) during his stays to China.

Lombardo Toledano’s Struggles in the World of Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Spenser
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The State ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses

Vicente Lombardo Toledano was born into a prosperous family in 1894 in Teziutlán, Puebla, and died in Mexico City in 1968. His life is a window into the history of the 20th century: the rise and fall of the old regime; the Mexican Revolution and the transformations that the revolution made in society; the intellectual and social reconstruction of the country under new parameters that included the rise of the labor movement to political prominence as well as the intervention of the trade unions in the construction and consolidation of the state; the dispute over the course of the nation in the tumultuous 1930s; and the configuration of the political and ideological left in Mexico. Lombardo Toledano’s life and work illustrate Mexico’s connections with the world during the Second World War and the Cold War. Lombardo Toledano belonged to the intellectual elite of men and women who considered themselves progressives, Marxists, and socialists; they believed in a bright future for humanity. He viewed himself as the conscious reflection of the unconscious movement of the masses. With unbridled energy and ideological fervor, he founded unions, parties, and newspapers. During the course of his life, he adhered to various beliefs, from Christianity to Marxism, raising dialectical materialism to the level of a theory of knowledge of absolute proportions in the same fashion that he previously did with idealism. In life, he aroused feelings of love and hate; he was the object of royal welcomes and the target of several attacks; national and international espionage agencies did not let him out of their sight. He was detained in and expelled from several countries and prevented from visiting others. Those who knew him still evoke his incendiary oratorical style, which others remember as soporific. His admirers praise him as the helmsman of Mexican and Latin American workers; others scorn the means he used to achieve his goals as opportunist. Lombardo Toledano believed that the Soviet Union had achieved a future that Mexico could not aspire to imitate. Mexico was a semifeudal and semicolonial country, hindered by imperialism in its economic development and the creation of a national bourgeoisie, without which it could not pass on to the next stage in the evolution of mankind and without which the working class and peasantry were doomed to underdevelopment. In his interpretation of history, the autonomy of the subordinate classes did not enter into the picture; rather it was the intellectual elites allied with the state who had the task of instilling class consciousness in them. No matter how prominent a personality he was in his time, today few remember the maestro Vicente Lombardo Toledano, despite the many streets and schools named after him. However, the story of his life reveals the vivid and contradictory history of the 20th century, with traces that remain in contemporary Mexico.

CHARLES TRIPP, A History of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). Pp. 328. $59.95 cloth, $19.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Betty S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Charles Tripp, in his excellent book A History of Iraq, examines the means by which the Iraqi state consolidated its position throughout the country in the 20th century and, just as important, how individual Iraqis used “strategies of co-operation, subversion and resistance” (p. 1) to benefit from its services or to combat its ever-increasing power. While acknowledging that a number of alternative historical narratives can be studied, Tripp specifically places his analysis within a state-centric framework because of the pivotal role Iraq's governmental institutions and leaders have played in reconfiguring the centers of power in the country. As a result of successive governmental activities, the state became the focal point for political power and competition, just as an increasingly narrow group of Iraqis came to hold the reins of that power.

scholarly journals Kensur Nawang Nima’s Treatise “The Lamp of Collected Quotations from Classical Works of the Buddhist History”: the Genesis of the Buddhist Monastic System in Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Bazarov Andrey A. ◽  
◽  
Khartayev Vladimir V. ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Monastic History ◽  
Historical Thought

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Buddhist monastic history in Northwest China, described in the treatise of the Buryat scholar Kensur Nawang Nima “The lamp of collected quotations from classical works of the Buddhist history”. This work is an example of Buddhist historical thought, which was developed in the traditional culture of the Buryats in the pre-revolutionary period. The authors of the article claim that “The lamp of collected quotations” has a specificity of presentation, determined by the author’s personality, historical and cultural circumstances. This specificity is related to the post-classical period of the history of Tibetan scholasticism, within which the work was written. Buddhist historical thought tried to understand the results of the most important stages of the Buddhist history in the vast region based on the works of previous generations. The treatise can be described as a scholastic work and Nawang Nima as an outstanding scholar and theorist of his time. Analysis of the structure of the work has showed that the author focused primarily on the history of the Geluk School, which he belonged to. Due to this specificity, most of the text is devoted to the biography of the founder of the school Je Tsongkhapa. The volume of work directly related to the history of Buddhist monasteries in northwestern China is extremely small. Nawang Nima describes the Genesis of the Geluk Buddhist monasteries: Chacung (bya khyung), Kumbum (sku ‘bum byams pa gling), Gonlung (dgon lung byams pa gling), Ganden (lga ldan dam chos gling), Rongwo (rong bo dgon chen), Labrang (bla brang bkra shis ‘khyil), Chone (сone dgon chen), etc. This fragment of the work “The lamp of collected quotations from classical works of the Buddhist history” is a fundamental historical description of the most important religious and cultural processes in the territories of Inner Asia in the period from the 19th up to the 20th century. Keywords: Buddhism, history, monastery, Buryatia, Tibet, Northwest China, Nawang Nima

scholarly journals Introduction: The Return of the Exception

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Rafał Mańko ◽  
Przemysław Tacik ◽  
Gian Giacomo Fusco
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Emergency Powers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The history of the 20th century, and more recently the two-decades long war on terror, have taught us the lesson that the normalisation of the state of exception (intended here as the proliferation of legal instruments regulating emergency powers, and their constant use in varied situations of crisis) is never immune from the risk of leaving long-lasting impacts of legal and political systems. With the “Return of the Exception” we intend to bring to the fore the fact that in the pandemic the state of exception has re-appeared in its “grand” version, the one that pertains to round-the-clock curfews and strong limitations to the freedom of movement and assembly, all adorned by warfare rhetoric of the fight against an invisible enemy – which, given the biological status of viruses, it cannot but be ourselves. But “return” here must be intended also in its psychoanalytic meaning. Much like the repressed that lives in a state of latency in the unconscious before eventually returning to inform consciousness and reshape behaviour, the state of exception is an element that remains nested in law’s text before reappearing in a specific moment with forms and intensity that are not fully predictable. Still, it remains cryptic whether the pandemic inaugurates a new epoch of liberal legality – the post-law – or just augurs its structural crisis.

scholarly journals Udział polskich ziemian z Mińszczyzny w pracach rady nadzwyczajnej do spraw związanych z potrzebami gospodarki rolnej w Rosji w latach 1902-1903

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Roman Jurkowski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Active Element ◽  
The State ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Agricultural Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unknown Period

The article presents an unknown period from the history of the Polish gentry from the Taken Lands at the beginning of the 20th century. It shows the participation of Polish landowners in the work of the Extraordinary Council for matters connected with the needs of agriculture in the Minsk guberniya in 1902-1903, the purpose of which was to describe the state of agriculture in Russia and to indicate ways of its modernization. The Polish landowners, gathered in the Minsk Agricultural Society, were the most active element among all members of the 9 discrits committees in the Minsk guberniya. For the first time since the fall of the January Uprising, they had the opportunity to show their organizational skills and substantive preparation for the discussion on the situation of agriculture in the Minsk guberniya.

Bringing the State Back In: Studying Ukrainian Statehood in the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Markian Dobczansky ◽  
Simone Attilio Bellezza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on Ukrainian statehood. Based on the conference “A Century of Ukrainian Statehoods: 1917 and Beyond” at the University of Toronto, the special issue examines the relationship between the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1920 and the Soviet Ukrainian state over the long term. The authors survey the history of the Ukrainian SSR and propose two points of emphasis: the need to study the promises of “national” and “social” liberation in tandem and the persistent presence of an “internal other” in Soviet Ukrainian history.

Sources on Regulatory Activity of the Inorodtsy Local Self-Government Agencies in the South of Russia in the 19th - Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lidgieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses public censure as a source of regulatory activity of the inorodsty (non-Russian indigenous ethnicities) local authorities in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. Integration of nomadic peoples in the all-Empire legal and economic sphere made provisions for continuation of some common law institutions. Among these were local self-government bodies. Local self-government activities in indigenous societies incorporate practices of representative democracy within the framework of customary and positive law and also interactions between state and society, all of which has much relevance to this day and age. Assembly (skhod) produced public censure that included purview with majority decision. Most sources come from the State archive of Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. General and special scientific research methods assess public censure as a source on the history of the inorodsty in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. The form of sentence was not fixed by law, and yet content analysis of documentary materials from the State Archive of the Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia concludes that it remained unchanged throughout the 19th – early 20th century. Content of public censure allows to reconstruct the spectrum of issues put before the assembly and to classify them by topic: legal, social, and financial and economic. The author concludes that verdicts of the inorodsty societies of the period, as legal acts of local significance and great information value, are one of the main sources on socio-political and socio-economic history of the region.

Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.

scholarly journals Alvorada do Remo: Memória, cidade e imagens

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (53) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Fernando Caje Rodriguez ◽  
Alex Giuliano Vailati
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
City Image ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
History Of

Resumo: O trabalho que se segue elabora uma reflexão sobre os processos de construção de narrativas sobre a memória e a história do remo em Florianópolis, capital do estado de Santa Catarina, a partir da introdução e do incentivo desse esporte durante a primeira metade do século XX. Para tal, foi analisada a exposição fotográfica intitulada "A História em 100 anos. Homenagem a todos que dignificaram as cores riachuelinas", construída, musealizada e exposta nos salões do centenário Clube Náutico Riachuelo, pelos próprios riachuelos durante o ano de 2015. Essa exposição se insere dentro de um conjunto de atividades comemorativas pelo centenário da fundação do Clube Náutico Riachuelo, como homenagem à agremiação esportiva mais antiga do estado, que se mantém ativa atualmente.Palavras-chaves: Remo. Memória. Cidade. Imagem DAWN OF ROWING: MEMORY, CITY AND IMAGES Abstract: The work that follows elaborates a reflection on the processes of building narratives about the memory and history of rowing in Florianópolis, capital of the state of Santa Catarina, from the introduction and encouragement of this sport during the first half of the 20th century. To this end, the photographic exhibition entitled "History in 100 years. Homage to everyone who dignified the colors of Riachuelo" was analyzed, built, musealized and displayed in the halls of the centenary Clube Náutico Riachuelo, by the riachuelos during 2015. This exhibition is part of a set of commemorative activities for the centenary of the foundation of the Clube Náutico Riachuelo, as a tribute to the oldest sports association in the state, which is still active today.Keywords: Rowing. Memory. City. Image.

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