Production of 4'-galactosyllactose by intact and immobilized cells of Cryptococcus laurentii OKN-4.

An experimental study was carried out aimed at establishing a data base for an optimum design of a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor for biotransformation of ammonium fumarate to L-aspartic acid catalyzed by immobilized cells of the strain Escherichia alcalescens dispar group. The experimental program included studies of the effect of reactor geometry, catalytic particle size, and packed bed arrangement on reactor hydrodynamics and on the rate of substrate conversion. An expression for the effective reaction rate was derived including the effect of mass transfer and conditions of the safe conversion-data scale-up were defined. Suggestions for the design of a pilot plant reactor (100 t/year) were formulated and decisive design parameters of such reactor were estimated for several variants of problem formulation.

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Cryptococcus rajasthanensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species related to Cryptococcus laurentii, isolated from Rajasthan, India

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.64543-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 414-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Puja Saluja ◽

G. S. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Large Subunit ◽

Its Region ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽

The Novel ◽

D2 Domain ◽

Its Regions ◽

Anamorphic Yeast ◽

Physiological Tests

Two novel anamorphic yeast strains (S-15LT and 3-C1) were isolated from the inflorescences of plants collected in two different towns in Rajasthan State, India. Sequencing of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit (LSU) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions suggested they are strains of the same species. Phenotypic characteristics such as the absence of fermentation, the absence of sexual structures and ballistoconidia, the assimilation of myo-inositol and d-glucuronate, and positive Diazonium blue B and urease reactions indicated that these strains belong to the genus Cryptococcus. The novel strains differed from Cryptococcus laurentii in six physiological tests and differed from other related species in more than six tests. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rDNA and the ITS regions placed these strains in the Bulleromyces clade within the order Tremellales, with C. laurentii as their closest described relative. The novel strains showed 1.6 and 7.5 % divergence in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA and ITS regions, respectively, with respect to C. laurentii. The divergence from other species was more than 3 % for the D1/D2 domain and more than 9 % for the ITS region. On the basis of the phenotypic and molecular data, strains S-15LT and 3-C1 represent a novel species within the genus Cryptococcus, for which the name Cryptococcus rajasthanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-15LT (=MTCC 7075T=CBS 10406T).

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Biological removal of benzalkonium chlorides from wastewater by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas sp. BIOMIG1 in an up-flow packed bed reactor

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126210 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126210

Author(s):

Fahri Koray Sakarya ◽

Berat Zeki Haznedaroglu ◽

Ulas Tezel

Keyword(s):

Immobilized Cells ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Biological Removal

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Mead Production Using Immobilized Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Reuse of Sodium Alginate Beads

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9040724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 724

Author(s):

Miguel L. Sousa-Dias ◽

Vanessa Branco Paula ◽

Luís G. Dias ◽

Letícia M. Estevinho

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Immobilized Cells ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Production Medium ◽

Alcohol Content ◽

Volatile Acidity ◽

The Matrix ◽

Second Category

This work studied the production of mead using second category honey and the immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sodium alginate, with concentrations of 2% and 4%, and their reuse in five successive fermentations. The immobilized cells with 4% alginate beads were mechanically more stable and able to allow a greater number of reuses, making the process more economical. The fermentation’s consumption of sugars with free cells (control) and immobilized cells showed a similar profile, being completed close to 72 h, while the first use of immobilized cells finished at 96 h. The immobilized cells did not significantly influence some oenological parameters, such as the yield of the consumed sugars/ethanol, the alcohol content, the pH and the total acidity. There was a slight increase in the volatile acidity and a decrease in the production of SO2. The alginate concentrations did not significantly influence either the parameters used to monitor the fermentation process or the characteristics of the mead. Mead fermentations with immobilized cells showed the release of cells into the wort due to the disintegration of the beads, indicating that the matrix used for the yeast’s immobilization should be optimized, considering the mead production medium.

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Continuous succinic acid production by immobilized cells of Actinobacillus succinogenes in a fluidized bed reactor: Entrapment in alginate beads

Biochemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bej.2021.107968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 107968

Author(s):

Alessia Ercole ◽

Francesca Raganati ◽

Piero Salatino ◽

Antonio Marzocchella

Keyword(s):

Succinic Acid ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Acid Production ◽

Immobilized Cells ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Actinobacillus Succinogenes ◽

Succinic Acid Production

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Cryptococcus Species Other Than Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: Are They Clinically Significant?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Edison J Cano ◽

Zachary A Yetmar ◽

Raymund R Razonable

Keyword(s):

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Cryptococcus Gattii ◽

Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽

Cryptococcus Species ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Cryptococcus Spp

Abstract Background Cryptococcus spp is a major cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, primarily due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. There are occasional reports of other Cryptococcus species causing invasive human disease. However, their epidemiology and clinical significance are not fully defined. We sought to describe cases with cultures positive for Cryptococcus species other than C neoformans and C gattii. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis of clinical and laboratory data of patients with cultures growing Cryptococcus species other than C neoformans and C gattii from November 2011 to February 2019 was performed. Three Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota were included. Results From 176 cases with a culture growing Cryptococcus spp, 54 patients (30%) had a culture for Cryptococcus other than C neoformans and C gattii in the study time frame. The most common species were Cryptococcus magnus, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Cryptococcus ater. The organisms were isolated and identified in culture of bronchoalveolar lavage (11), skin (11), urine (7), oral (4), sinus (3), intraoperative soft tissue (3), sputum (2), synovial fluid (2), cerebrospinal fluid (2), and intravenous catheter (2), among others (7). Only 8 (15%) cases were considered to be potentially pathogenic, with 1 case of invasive disease. Antifungal treatment was fluconazole, itraconazole, and griseofulvin, for a mean systemic antifungal duration of 42 days. Conclusions This large series of patients with Cryptococcus spp other than C neoformans and C gattii suggests that these species rarely cause clinically significant infection in humans. Only 1 case of invasive disease was found.

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