THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER USAGE ON WINTER TRITICALE PRODUCTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
L. I. Petrova ◽  
Yu. I. Mitrofanov ◽  
N. K. Pervushina ◽  
V. N. Lapushkina
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Russian Research

The article presents the results of three-year studies conducted on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ). The purpose of the research was to study the efficiency of various rates of fertilizer usage on winter triticale productivity. There has been studied the effect of rates of mineral fertilizer usage on the elements of the winter triticale yield structure, protein percentage in grain, use of photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR efficiency), fertilizers’ cost recovery by yield increase. The cultivation of winter triticale was carried out on a drained well-cultivated sod-podzolic light loamy gleyed soil. The winter triticale was sown after one-year-old clover in three variants: the first variant was without fertilizer usage, the second variant was with N15Р15K45+ N30fertilizer usage (in the period of tillering) and the third variant was with N30Р30K90+N60fertilizer usage. In the variant without fertilizer usage the productivity was 3.37 t/ha on average. In the second variant the productivity increased on 56.4% to 5.27 t/ha, in the third variant the increase was on 78.9% to 6.03 t/ha. Due to the use of fertilizer, the number of productive stems raised on 95 and 117 pcs/m2, the number of kernels per head increased on 4.0 and 6.0 pcs. The protein content in grain in the variants with fertilizer usage increased on 1.0–1.7%. The PAR efficiency without fertilizer usage was the lowest (1.34), it was 1.94 with N45Р15K45fertilizer usage and 2.26 with N90Р30K90fertilizer usage. Fertilizers’ cost recovery by winter triticale yield increase which was sown after one-year-old clover in a well-cultivated soil, was the highest with 18.1 kg/kg of N45Р15K45fertilizer usage and with 12.7 kg/kg of N90Р30K90fertilizer usage. 

INFLUENCE OF REMOTE CHERRY HYBRIDS ON ITS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE GARDEN

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
А. S. Lyakhova
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Garden ◽  
Russian Research

In the experimental garden of All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding (VNIISPK) for 2017-2020 were studied scion-rootstock cherry combinations of the institute selection. Years of tree planting are 2013-2014, scheme is 5x2 m, density - 1000 trees / ha. The objective of the research is to assess the influence of distant cherry hybrids on its growth and development in the garden. The influence of rootstock forms Novella and Turgenevka plants varieties is presented. The general condition of cherry plants was good and varied from 4.2 to 5.0 points, the degree of flowering was at the level of the control variant. During the years of study, the indicator of the fruiting degree in the Novella variety was higher. The Novella variety trees on forms 74324, 74363, Ts-8-101 are medium-grown. Restrained growth of Turgenevka variety plants was observed in combinations with rootstock forms 74324 and 74340; medium-grown plants – 74322, 74332, 74336, 74363, Ts-8-1014; tall – growing – 82987. Plants of the Turgenevka variety in combinations 74324 and 74336 showed incompatibility, breaking off at the place of grafting concretion. The greatest value of the length of the one-year shoot was noted in Novella variety on the rootstock 74340, and the smaller one was in Ts-8-101. In cultivar Turgenevka a longer one-year shoot length was noted on forms 74332 and 74363, the smallest - 74336. The best rootstock forms among those studied in terms of growth and development for cultivar Novella are 74322, 74332.74340, 82987, Turgenevka – 74322, 82987.

Photovoltaic Solar Modules of Different Types and Designs for Energy Supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panchenko ◽  
Andrey Izmailov ◽  
Valeriy Kharchenko ◽  
Yakov Lobachevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents photovoltaic solar modules that have a different design and purpose. The principles of photoconversion in solar cells, materials used in their manufacture and basic characteristics of solar cells are described. Solar cells of amorphous silicon and two-sided solar cells are considered. Photovoltaic planar and matrix solar modules with extended lifetime are presented. Solar tiles and compact folding photovoltaic solar modules, as well as paraboloid concentrator of solar radiation for solar cogeneration plants are presented. Also considered cascade solar cells and solar modules with the decomposition of the light. The considered photovoltaic solar modules are investigated and manufactured in the All-Russian Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia.

scholarly journals YIELD STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF LEAFY AND LEAFLESS PEA SAMPLES: VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN THE BREEDING PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Russian Research

To select highly productive peas genotypes it is essential to know the patterns of plant productivity, depending on the combination of structural elements. The purpose of this work was to study the variability of yield structure elements, to identify the correlation between them, and to study the influence of yield structure elements on seed productivity in collection samples of peas with different types of leaf. The studies were conducted on the experimental fields of the laboratory of legumes breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Rostov region, Zernograd) in 2017–2018. The objects of research were 58 leafy and 69 leafless samples of various ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of the All-Russian Research Institute named after N.I. Vavilov and samples identified by other research institutions in Russia and abroad. The studies on the variability and correlation of the yield elements of leafy and leafless pea samples have shown that ‘number of kernels per plant’ and ‘kernel weight per plant’ are most variable traits. There has been identified the difference in interconnection among leafy and leafless samples. No-effect of plant height and lower nod location on productivity allows breeding short-stem pea samples and samples with high attachment of a lower nod of both pea types without reducing their productivity.

scholarly journals Growing technology of crowned trees of columnar apple cultivars at Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Relevance. Selection of columnar apple cultivars and development of adapted elements of their cultivation technology are one of the promising areas of the research work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The result of 36 years of the target selection work was the creation of 5 columnar apple cultivars accepted in the State Register of breeding achievements: ‘Priokskoye’, ‘Poezia’, ‘Vostorg’, ‘Girlianda’ and ‘Orlovskaya Yesenia’. All cultivars are characterized by high precocity, productivity and immunity to scab. The special habit of the columnar shape of the apple tree determines a special type of planting that is characteristic only for it, providing for super-dense placement of trees.Results. Our research experimentally demonstrates the possibility of reducing the total number of plants per hectare while maintaining a high density of fruit wood in the orchard. These technologies will significantly reduce the amount of necessary planting material, therefore, reduce the initial cost of laying a columnar apple orchard. Thus, when growing columnar cultivars in the crown of a 3–4-98 semi- dwarf rootstock with a tree planting density of 3333 trees per hectare, the number of columnar branches corresponds to the plantation with a density of 20,000 columnar trees per 1 ha. The study of this technology showed that the cultivars entered fruiting in the third year after grafting of 2-year-old skeletal trees; the yield of the studied columnar cultivars for the first 10 years of fruiting averaged 81.6 t/ ha. Annual fruiting was observed throughout the entire observation period. Another promising option is to grow columns in the form of crowned plants on a dwarf rootstock 62–396. The crown on average consists of 5 branches, while the total number of columnar branches reaches 12 500 PCs/ha. The proportion of trees that entered fruiting in the third year after grafting depended on the depth of seedling planting. For normal planting, it was 28%, which is twice the same value for deep planting (15 cm below the root neck).

New eastern goat’s rue farm ecosystems for hay production

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Д.А. Вагунин ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова ◽  
Н.Н. Амбросимова ◽  
Н.А. Епифанова ◽  
О.Н. Анциферова
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Russian Research

В условиях осушаемых земель гумидной зоны исследованы сенокосные агрофитоценозы на основе козлятника восточного. Эксперименты проводились в 2014–2019 годах на полигоне ВНИИМЗ — филиала ФИЦ «Почвенный институт им. В. В. Докучаева» (Тверская область). Объектом исследований были многолетние травы при сенокосном использовании: козлятник восточный (сорта Гале, Юбиляр, Кривич), кострец безостый (сорт Вегур), двукисточник тростниковый (сорт Урал), тимофеевка луговая (сорт ВИК 9). Исследования проводились как в травосмесях, так и в одновидовых посевах. Установлено, что козлятник восточный в одновидовых посевах более продуктивен, чем в смешанных агрофитоценозах. Посевы козлятника восточного сорта Кривич на мелиорированных землях в среднем за 5 лет исследований обеспечили наибольшую продуктивность. Травосмесь козлятника восточного с тимофеевкой луговой, кострецом безостым и двукисточником тростниковым формировала урожайность сухой массы на уровне 6,2–8,0 т/га. Одновидовые посевы козлятника восточного всех изученных сортов формировали продуктивность сухой массы до 11,7 т/га. Продуктивность козлятника восточного была наибольшей на глееватой почве. При двуукосном использовании у одновидовых посевов козлятника восточного сорта Юбиляр на глубокооглееной почве, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, продуктивность была выше на 19%. Менее продуктивными были посевы трёхкомпонентной злаковой смеси на глубокооглееной почве — 4,7 т/га. Установлено, что при посеве смеси козлятника восточного с кострецом безостым, тимофеевкой луговой и двукисточником тростниковым повышалась продуктивность травостоя и улучшалось качество корма. В смеси со злаками четырёхкомпонентные агроценозы были менее засорены несеяными видами трав. Наименьшая доля сорной растительности в бобово-злаковых травостоях на основе козлятника восточного отмечалась в смешанных посевах с участием сорта Юбиляр. Козлятник восточный показал высокую облиственность, которая составила 51,5–56,9%, что способствовало повышению качества кормов сенокосных травостоев. Ключевые слова: козлятник восточный, кострец безостый, тимофеевка луговая, двукисточник тростниковый, глубокооглеенная, глеевая почва, травостой, продуктивность, сенокос. Eastern goat’s rue ecosystems were analyzed on drainage lands of humid zone for hay production. The experiment was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Meliorated Lands — branch of the Federal Research Center “Institute of Soil n. a. V. V. Dokuchaev” in 2014–2019. Perennial grasses performed as the objects of this study: eastern goat’s rue (“Gale”, “Yubilyar”, “Krivich”), smooth brome (“Vegur”), reed canary grass (“Ural”), common timothy (“VIK 9”). Both monocultures and mixtures were tested. Eastern goat’s rue performed better as monoculture. “Krivich” showed the highest productivity. The mixture of eastern goat’s rue, common timothy, and reed canary grass provided 6.2–8.0 t ha-1 of dry mass. Eastern goat’s rue monoculture produced up to 11.7 t ha-1. Eastern goat’s rue had higher productivity on gleyic soil. “Yubilyar” showed yield increase of 19% on gleyic soil under two cuts. Three-component mixture of gramineous had lower yield — 4.7 t ha-1. Seeding eastern goat’s rue with smooth brome, common timothy, and reed canary grass improved sward productivity and feed quality. Four-component ecosystems containing gramineous were less contaminated by weeds. Mixtures of “Yubilyar” had the minimum contamination. Eastern goat’s rue showed high leaf coverage of 51.5–56.9%, positively affecting forage quality.

Photovoltaic Solar Modules of Different Types and Designs for Energy Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 731-752
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panchenko ◽  
Andrey Izmailov ◽  
Valeriy Kharchenko ◽  
Yakov Lobachevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents photovoltaic solar modules that have a different design and purpose. The principles of photoconversion in solar cells, materials used in their manufacture and basic characteristics of solar cells are described. Solar cells of amorphous silicon and two-sided solar cells are considered. Photovoltaic planar and matrix solar modules with extended lifetime are presented. Solar tiles and compact folding photovoltaic solar modules, as well as paraboloid concentrator of solar radiation for solar cogeneration plants are presented. Also considered cascade solar cells and solar modules with the decomposition of the light. The considered photovoltaic solar modules are investigated and manufactured in the All-Russian Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia.

scholarly journals Productivity of soybean varieties under different irrigation regimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Tolokonnikov ◽  
Galina P. Kancer ◽  
Tatyana S. Koshkarova ◽  
Georgy O. Chamurliev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Russian Research

Abstract. World soybean acreage increases by 3 million hectares annually with average yield of 2.7 t/ha. Significant growth of soybean production in Russia is constrained by increased climate aridization and a declining yield of up to 1.5 t/ha. An important factor in intensification of soybean production is to expand its crops under irrigation. Introduction of adapted and high-yielding varieties of regional selection, followed by improvement of crop water supply, increases yields up to 34 t/ha. Soybean varieties selected by Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture and admitted to production in the Lower Volga region: VNIIOZ 86 (since 2002), VNIIOZ 31 (since 2011), Volgogradka 2 (since 2020) were studied. The experiments were conducted at Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in 2013-2015. The experiment included two factors: factor A - varieties, factor B - irrigation regime (70-80-70 % of FMC, 80-80-70 % of FMC and control - 80-80-80 % of FMC). Plots of the 1st (600 m2) and 2nd (200 m2) order were sown in 4-fold replication by a wide-row method (0.7 m) in mid-May with a planned yield of 2.53.5 t/ha (N90P90K60 a. i./ha). Soybean varieties differed in peculiarities of crop structure formation. Differentiated irrigation regime resulted in more cost-efficient water consumption followed by yield increase compared to the control. The highest yields were formed by Volgogradka 2 variety (2.873.23 t/ha) and VNIIOZ 31 (2.823.19 t/ha), which was significantly higher than in VNIIOZ 86 variety (2.172.51 t/ha). The variable irrigation regime led to yield increase in all soybean varieties, especially in Volgogradka 2 - by 0.310.36 t/ha (10.812.5 %) as compared to the control. It was due to grain increase to 30.936.2 % in the total biomass compared to the control values - 26.627.5 %. The highest amount of post-harvest plant residues (stems, leaves and roots) remained after harvesting Volgogradka 2 (6.397.63 t/ha) and VNIIOZ 31(6.737.9 t/ha), which improved soil fertility well, and the smallest amount was after VNIIOZ 86 variety (4.415.66 t/ha). Differentiated irrigation regime led to decrease in vegetative mass in soil - 4.417.42 t/ha compared to the control (5.667.9 t/ha). Thus, Volgogradka 2 and VNIIOZ 31 can be recommended for irrigated agriculture in the Lower Volga region, as they provide high yields under differentiated (relatively cost-efficient) irrigation regime and improve soil fertility due to large biomass remained in soil after harvesting.

scholarly journals Influence of limestone ameliorants and fertilizers on the winter wheat productivity in crop rotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
V. M. Poliovyi ◽  
L. A. Yashchenko ◽  
H. F. Rovna ◽  
B. V. Huk ◽  
N. O. Yuvchyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The influence of mineral fertilizer (N120P60K90) with sulfur addition, and foliar dressing by micronutrients, various doses, and types of limestone ameliorants on the formation of the morphological structure and the productivity of winter wheat was shown. The aim of the research was to establish the regularities of various forms and doses of chemical ameliorants in combination with mineral fertilizers influence on the yield of winter wheat on soddy-podzolic soil in the conditions of the West Polyssia. The application of ameliorants on the background of fertilization increased the indicators of the yield structure and plants survival. The highest results were obtained by using 1,5 and 1,0 doses dolomite flour (determined by the hydrolytic acidity) in complex with S40 and foliar dressing with microfertilizer. The obtained results were ear length – 9,0 and 9,2 cm, number of grains in an ear – 41,1 and 41,4 pcs. The mass of 1000 grains were respectively 43,8 and 43,7 g. The death of plants during the vegetation season from germination to harvesting was low – 18,2 and 19,0 %. It was founded that among the studied various doses and forms of limestone ameliorants on the background of N120P60K90, the application of 1,5 doses of dolomite flour contributed to increase pHKCl by 1,93 units (initial data pHKCl 4,47) and to grow up the winter wheat productivity on soddy-podzolic soil. The highest yield a 3,9 and 4,0 t/ha were ensured by the application of 1,5 doses and 1,0 doses dolomite flour in combination with S40 and microfertilizer on the background of N120P60K90. The yield increase to the control (without fertilizers) was 2,61 and 2,71 t/ha, to the background (N120P60K90) – 1,58 and 1,68 t/ha. The addition of sulfur fertilizers (S40) and two-time foliar feeding with Nutrivant Plus Cereals (2 kg/ha) during the spring tillering phase and stem elongation provided an 8% increase in yield.

scholarly journals MAIN SOIL CULTIVATION IN CROP ROTATION WITH LUPIN FOR BRYANSK REGION CONDITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Исаева ◽  
Elena Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Energy Effectiveness ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Russian Research

Tests results have been got on gray forest soil in the South-West of the Non-Chernozem zone of Bryansk region in the stationary experiment in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine in 2015–2018. The aim of the test was to evaluate a hectare of crop rotation area of four field lupin crop rotation (winter wheat – bare oats – winter triticale – lupin) for production of feed and energy effectiveness at different technics of the main soil cultivation. The variant of dump ploughing with deep loosening once in four years for lupin has the highest productivity of feed and energy effectiveness per a hectare of crop rotation area. Each crop of the crop rotation has high indices of yield and quality of grain products at this way of soil cultivation. The tested four-field lupin crop rotation is more energetically stable at the variant of the main soil cultivation — traditional ploughing with deep loosening. Efficiency coefficient of the crop rotation was 3.15 in the first cycle and the coefficient of energy effectiveness was 2.15. The other variants of the main soil cultivation could be used too in multiform farms of a region to provide quite high profitability.

scholarly journals Dynamics of change in broomrape populations (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Romania and Russia (Black Sea area)

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Škorić ◽  
Maria Joiţa-Păcureanu ◽  
Fyodor Gorbachenko ◽  
Oleg Gorbachenko ◽  
Stevan Maširević
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
H Gene ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Sunflower Broomrape ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Russian Research

Abstract The emergence of new broomrape populations (races) has been observed in the past 20 years in several countries (Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, Serbia, and China) where sunflower is frequently grown in the same sites without applying traditional crop rotations. Differential lines for sunflower broomrape races A to F have been secured. The new broomrape races have been identified by researchers as races G and H. The question of whether the same broomrape mutations can occur in one year and affect the same countries remains unsolved. Several results of new broоmrape population emergences in some of the affected will be presented in the paper. A total of 390 genotypes were studied at four Romanian localities (Cuza Voda, Crucea-Stupina, Braila-Valea Canepii, and Tulcea-Agighiol) in 2014. At all four localities, a certain degree of sunflower broomrape infestation was observed in control hybrids and lines (Performer, LC-1093, LG-5661, and PR64LE20), which indicated the emergence of new populations higher than race H. The 390 studied genotypes had different reactions in all four localities. In 2015, 10 hybrids and controls were studied at five Romanian localities (Ciresu-Braila, Iazu-Ialomita, Stupina-Constanta, Topolog-Tulcea, and Viziru-Braila) and, according to the results, only hybrid Hy-7 was resistant in all localities. The results obtained from the three studied localities showed the emergence of new sunflower broomrape populations not controlled by gene for race H. Self-fertilization of hybrid Hy-7 produced the F2 generation in 2016. In 2017, broomrape resistance was studied at the infested (contaminated) plot at the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S. – VNIIMK in Rostov on Don. The plot was found to be infested by new broomrape populations originating from Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Turkey, and Spain. The obtained results showed an infestation degree in 17.1% plants of hybrid Hy-7, 35% in the F2 generation of Hy-7, control hybrids PR64LE25, LG-5580 and Donskoy-22 showed 19.4, 23, and 100% broomrape infestation, respectively. In conclusion, the plot contained broomrape populations which cannot be controlled by race H gene. According to the obtained results, a permanent change in variability of broomrape populations can be confirmed practically year after year. At present, new broomrape populations found at several localities are locally dispersed. Geneticists and breeders have to make joint efforts in further detailed studies of broomrape variability.

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