scholarly journals The effect of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of productivity of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ in the southern part of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
A. S. Popov ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Spring Sowing

In the cultivation regions with unstable moisture there are fluctuations in grain crop productivity, which is mainly determined by the definite hydrothermal conditions. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of barley productivity during autumn and spring sowing periods in the southern part of the Rostov region. When conducting the trial, barley plants experienced a lack of air humidity and were insufficiently provided with precipitation, both in autumn and spring sowing periods, and the coefficient of moisture supply for barley crops was 0.53 and 0.45, respectively. There was found that the longest vegetation period of 235 days was observed during sowing on September 10, when the sum of positive temperatures was also the highest, 2010.4 °C. In the spring sowing periods, these indicators were the smallest: the vegetation period was 83 and 92 days, the sum of positive temperatures was 1555.2 and 1579.3 °C, respectively. There was established that for productivity formation (6.38 t/ha) in autumn sowing, the total moisture consumption of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ was 308.5 mm per 1 ha, and the total moisture consumption per 1 ton of grain was 483.5 m3 on average for 2018-2020. In the total consumption of moisture, precipitation was 95%, and the share of soil moisture was 5%. When sowing in the spring, the variety ‘Marusya’ produced 4.26 t/ha and consumed 211.4 mm of moisture per hectare, and the total moisture consumption per 1 ton of grain was 496.2 m3. In the total consumption of moisture, precipitation was only 34%, and the share of soil moisture was 66%.

scholarly journals Grain productivity and quality of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ when sowing in winter and spring

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
А. S. Popov ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
А. А. Sukharev ◽  
А. А. Dontsova ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Spring Sowing

The current study was carried out on ordinary blackearth (chernozem) in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” (2017–2020 agricultural years). The purpose of the work was to identify the effect of autumn and spring sowing periods on grain productivity and quality of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ according to various forecrops. There has been considered the dynamics of the productivity of the variety ‘Marusya’ depending on the sowing time when sown after maize for grain and sunflower. There has been established high adaptability of the variety ‘Marusya’ after nonfallow forecrops. It has formed a high productivity when sown in autumn at various times. There has been found out a positive reaction of the variety to sowing on September 10, 20 and 30, where the maximum productivity when sown after maize for grain was 6.76–6.91 t/ha. When sowing at later time, there was a slight decrease in productivity. When sown in spring, the highest protein percentage in grain was 11.0 and 11.6%. However, due to the highest productivity, the maximum protein yield was when sowing in autumn, up to 0.71 t/ha. The calculation of the economic efficiency of grain production showed that the highest profitability (214.1 and 214.4%) was obtained when the variety ‘Marusya’ was sown on September 10 and 20 after maize for grain. On average, over the years of study, the maximum conditional net income according to the forecrop, depending on the sowing time, was from 59658 to 84261 rubles/ha when sown in winter and from 48881 to 59170 rubles/ha in spring. The minimum profitability 62.1–75.2% was identified when sown in spring in 10 days after the soil was physically mature.

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Andrés Grasso ◽  
María González Sanjuan ◽  
Adrián Correndo ◽  
Fernando Salvagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

scholarly journals The environmental forming and productional functions of the haloxylon aphyllum in the Karnabchul desert

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
E. Z. Shamsutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Haloxylon Aphyllum ◽  
Aged State ◽  
Ephemeral Vegetation ◽  
Black Saxaul

We have conducted investigation of the environmental function of the desert tree of black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) in the Karnabchul desert. As a result, it was found that different age plants of black saxaul had different effects on the degree of illumination. The greatest influence on the intensity of solar radiation was exerted by the saxaul plant of the black middle-aged state, the least the old generative individuals. Saxaul black had a significant impact on the temperature of the air: in the daytime, especially in the period 13-16 h, reducing the temperature under the crown and on the edge of the crown, and at night increasing it in the same areas. It also had a noticeable effect on the temperature of the soil. The temperature of the soil surface under the crown at night is higher, and during the day the warming was slower than in the outer part of the saxaul crown. Under the influence of black saxaul and soil moisture changed. Under the saxaul crown soil moisture is significantly higher compared to the control (open natural pastures). The highest soil moisture was observed in the upper soil layers at the base of the saxaul trunk. As a result, under the environmental action of black saxaul more favorable hydrothermal conditions for the growth and development of natural wormwood-ephemeral vegetation under the protection of strips and adjacent areas of pastures are formed. The result of production activities chemotaxonomic postbestowal bands consists of two following components: production of fodder mass of the Haloxylon and fodder productivity of wormwood-ephemeral vegetation of natural pastures. By increasing the yield of natural pastures under the protection of pasture protection strips and the harvest of the black saxaul fodder productivity of desert pastures increases more than twice.

scholarly journals Energy-saving irrigation management

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 06014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Andreev ◽  
Vladimir Zaginaylov ◽  
Andris Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Management Method

A significant part of the water resources used in agricultural production comes for irrigation. Due to the strong dependence of soil moisture on weather factors, the irrigation process must be carefully managed. To date, irrigation management is mainly carried out either as a function of soil moisture or according to a predetermined program. The article shows that both methods of management are imperfect since they can lead to a violation of agrotechnical requirements and waste of water. In order to improve the quality of irrigation and eliminate overspending of water resources, it was proposed to manage the water in a combined way. In this case, the formation of the control action occurs according to the results of the comparison of the controlled variable and disturbing influences with the reference values. The controlled value is the soil moisture, and as disturbing influences are considered the temperature and humidity of the air, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, precipitation. In addition, the proposed irrigation management method takes into account the forecast of the synoptic services on precipitation, their intensity and duration. To obtain information on the controlled value, as well as on disturbing influences, appropriate measuring devices are used, and information on the prediction of precipitation is delivered from a specialized server via the Internet. Before starting to use the control method, the agrotechnical requirements, the type, age and vegetation period of the plants are determined and set. The inclusion of irrigation equipment is carried out in accordance with the program and shut down - depending on the magnitude of the control signal.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN YANG BERPOTENSI MENYEBABKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK KUNING PADA BATANG TANAMAN BUAH NAGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nova Kurniasari ◽  
Nur Annis Hidayati ◽  
Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants

The attack of pathogenic fungi on dragon fruit plants in Penyak Village causes severe damage and shows symptoms of yellow rot on the trunk of dragon fruit. The research method used is exploration and identification. This study aims to explore fungi that have the potential to cause yellow rot based on the symptoms of yellow rot on the stems of dragon fruit plants in Penyak Village, Koba District, Central Bangka Regency. The results of 16 stem samples obtained 64 isolates and based on macroscopic and microscopic identification results of each isolate obtained seven genera namely Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Geotrichum, Fusarium, and Pestalotiopsis. The most common pathogenic fungi at mild symptoms are Pestalotiopsis, Alternaria, and Fusarium. Environmental factors (abiotic) such as soil moisture and air humidity that are high enough to affect the genus present, especially Fusarium.

scholarly journals Einfluss der hydrothermischen Behandlung von Pinus radiata D. Don auf ausgewählte Eigenschaften des Holzes | Influence of hydrothermal treatment of Pinus radiata D. Don on specific characteristics of the wood

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Peter Niemz ◽  
Hernan Poblete ◽  
Frank Schanack ◽  
Fritz Bächle
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions

Pinus radiata wood was treated under hydrothermal conditions(steam) in an autoclave. The effect of temperature and time were studied. Bending strength, equilibrium moisture content, swelling and pH value of residual water were determined. Following effects were determined: a) a reduction of pH value, b) a considerable reduction of wooden mass, c) a reduction of equilibrium moisture up to 75% air humidity was registered. With higher air humidity no differences between treatments were detected, and d) with higher temperatures and longer treatment time, a reduction of bending strength was ascertained.

scholarly journals Assimilation of Wheat and Soil States into the APSIM-Wheat Crop Model: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Yuxi Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey P. Walker ◽  
Valentijn R. N. Pauwels ◽  
Yuval Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Yield Estimation ◽  
Area Index

Optimised farm crop productivity requires careful management in response to the spatial and temporal variability of yield. Accordingly, combination of crop simulation models and remote sensing data provides a pathway for providing the spatially variable information needed on current crop status and the expected yield. An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation framework was developed to assimilate plant and soil observations into a prediction model to improve crop development and yield forecasting. Specifically, this study explored the performance of assimilating state observations into the APSIM-Wheat model using a dataset collected during the 2018/19 wheat season at a farm near Cora Lynn in Victoria, Australia. The assimilated state variables include (1) ground-based measurements of Leaf Area Index (LAI), soil moisture throughout the profile, biomass, and soil nitrate-nitrogen; and (2) remotely sensed observations of LAI and surface soil moisture. In a baseline scenario, an unconstrained (open-loop) simulation greatly underestimated the wheat grain with a relative difference (RD) of −38.3%, while the assimilation constrained simulations using ground-based LAI, ground-based biomass, and remotely sensed LAI were all found to improve the RD, reducing it to −32.7%, −9.4%, and −7.6%, respectively. Further improvements in yield estimation were found when: (1) wheat states were assimilated in phenological stages 4 and 5 (end of juvenile to flowering), (2) plot-specific remotely sensed LAI was used instead of the field average, and (3) wheat phenology was constrained by ground observations. Even when using parameters that were not accurately calibrated or measured, the assimilation of LAI and biomass still provided improved yield estimation over that from an open-loop simulation.

scholarly journals Effects of drought at different periods of wheat development on the leaf photosynthetic apparatus and productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
V. V. Morgun ◽  
O. O. Stasik ◽  
D. A. Kiriziy ◽  
O. G. Sokolovska-Sergiienko ◽  
N. M. Makharynska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Drought Impact ◽  
Grain Productivity

The problem of drought impact on crop productivity is especially relevant for the leading cereal – wheat, since significant cultivation areas of this crop are located in risky farming zones. The aim of our studies was to compare the peculiarities of drought impact during the period of vegetative growth and reproductive development on the chlorophyll content, activity of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes, the rate of carbon dioxide gas exchange and transpiration as well as productivity of the wheat plants. The studies were carried out on bread winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) of the Astarta and Natalka varieties grown in a pot experiment. The plants were watered daily to maintain the soil moisture level in the pots in the range 70–60% of field capacity. Drought treatment involving decrease in soil moisture to 30% of the field capacity was applied to some of the plants at late stem elongation stage (BBCH 37-45) and to other plants at heading-anthesis (BBCH 59-65) while control plants were watered as usual. After 7 days of drought, the watering of treated plants was resumed to maintain the soil moisture at the level of control plants until the harvest. The penultimate leaf at the late stem elongation stage and flag leaf at the heading–anthesis period were used for measurements of photosynthetic apparatus response to drought. Plants of both varieties treated at stem elongation stage showed lower decline in the photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content and grain productivity than those treated at heading-anthesis. The results obtained indicated that photosynthetic apparatus of wheat has a higher drought tolerance at the stem elongation stage than during the heading-anthesis stage. Furthermore, plants stressed at the stem elongation stage revealed better compensatory growth of lateral productive shoots due to superior supply of plants with assimilates after drought termination. Astarta variety had a more drought-tolerant photosynthetic apparatus and higher grain productivity in both well-watered and drought conditions as compared to Natalka variety. The differences between varieties were more contrasting when drought was applied at heading-anthesis.

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