scholarly journals Einfluss der hydrothermischen Behandlung von Pinus radiata D. Don auf ausgewählte Eigenschaften des Holzes | Influence of hydrothermal treatment of Pinus radiata D. Don on specific characteristics of the wood

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 540-543
Author(s):  
Peter Niemz ◽  
Hernan Poblete ◽  
Frank Schanack ◽  
Fritz Bächle
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions

Pinus radiata wood was treated under hydrothermal conditions(steam) in an autoclave. The effect of temperature and time were studied. Bending strength, equilibrium moisture content, swelling and pH value of residual water were determined. Following effects were determined: a) a reduction of pH value, b) a considerable reduction of wooden mass, c) a reduction of equilibrium moisture up to 75% air humidity was registered. With higher air humidity no differences between treatments were detected, and d) with higher temperatures and longer treatment time, a reduction of bending strength was ascertained.

The ecology of fungi infecting untreated sapwood of Pinus radiata

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Blue Stain

The succession of fungi colonizing untreated stakes of Pinus radiata sapwood was followed in aboveground, groundline, and belowground zones. The course and speed of the succession in these zones was influenced both by the source of infection and the moisture content of the wood. Aboveground moisture content of the stakes limited development, and colonization by airborne fungi (blue-stain fungi to molds) did not proceed to the stage where decay fungi became established. At groundline and below where the succession of organisms (primary molds to soft-rot fungi to secondary molds and basidiomycetes) was complete, moisture content was more favorable for fungal growth. The succession proceeded more slowly belowground than at groundline because of (1) higher moisture content of the wood and (2) colonization being restricted to soil-borne fungi. Relative frequencies of fungi in each zone are tabulated and discussed. Decay capability tests were made to aid in establishing the role of soft rot and basidiomycetous fungi. The basidiomycetes encountered were not those usually isolated from posts of P. radiata in an advanced state of decay. Comparative studies of the effect of temperature and pH on the growth rate of the various fungi isolated were of little value in explaining the broad bases for the successional trends. Some basic problems remaining in ecological studies of wood-inhabiting fungi are discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Mesoporous Cu-Ni/Al2O4 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production via Hydrothermal Reconstruction Route

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Kai-Jhei Lin ◽  
Yi-Kai Chih ◽  
Wei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Hsin-Kai Huang ◽  
Hong-Ping Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment Time

Mesoporous Cu-Ni/Al2O4 catalyst of high surface area (176 m2g−1) is synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reconstruction process by using low-cost activated alumina as the aluminate source without organic templates. The desired mesoporous structure of the catalyst is formed by the addition of Cu2+ and Ni2+ metal ions in the gel solution of the activated alumina followed by hydrothermal treatment at 70 °C and calcination at temperatures in the range of 600 to 800 °C. To consider the environmental concern, we found the concentration of the Cu2+ and Ni2+ ion in the residual filtrate is less than 0.1 ppm which satisfies the effluent standard in Taiwan (<1.0 ppm). The effects of the pH value, hydrothermal treatment time, and calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and surface area of the synthesized Cu-Ni/Al2O4 composites are investigated as well. In addition, the Cu-Ni/Al2O4 catalyst synthesized at pH 9.0 with a hydrothermal treatment time of 24 h and a calcination temperature of 600 °C is used for hydrogen production via the partial oxidation of methanol. The conversion efficiency is found to be >99% at a reaction temperature of around 315 °C, while the H2 yield is 1.99 mol H2/mol MeOH. The catalyst retains its original structure and surface area following the reaction process, and is thus inferred to have a good stability. Overall, the hydrothermal reconstruction route described herein is facile and easily extendable to the preparation of other mesoporous metal-alumina materials for catalyst applications.

Kualitas Fisik Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Minyak Buah Merah dalam Pakan Komersial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽  
Rizki Arizona ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak buah merah (MBM) pada pakan terhadap kualitas fisik daging ayam broiler. Seratus ekor ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) ditempatkan pada lima kelompok perlakuan pakan yang berbeda, yaitu: P1 (pakan kontrol/tanpa penambahan minyak), P2 (2% MBM), P3 (4% MBM), P4 (6% MBM) dan P5 (6% Minyak kelapa sawit). Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan masing-masing dengan lima ekor. Ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis variansi pola searah dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variable yang diamati menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan minyak buah merah (MBM) dalam pakan mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap pH Daging, Daya Ikat Air (DIA), susut masak dan keempukan daging ayam broiler.Kata kunci : daging ayam broiler, daya ikat air, keempukan daging, pH daging, susut masakABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) onphysical quality  of broiler chicken. One hundred day old chicken (DOC) were placed in four groups of different treatments, of from levels of RFO (P1 (diet without addition of RFO), P2 (2% RFO), P3 (4% RFO) and P4 (6% RFO) and P5 (6% Palm oil)). The treatment group consisted of fivereplications with five birds each. Broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. Statistical analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss was significant differences. It could be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in the diet give effect  of broiler chicken meat.Keywords: broiler meat, cooking loss, moisture content, pH value, water holding capacity

scholarly journals Study on Optimization of Tungsten Ore Flotation Wastewater Treatment by Response Surface Method (RSM)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Jiao ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Xuejing Song ◽  
Ruihan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Water Glass ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Surface Method

A large amount of collectors, inhibitors and modifiers such as oleic acid, water glass and sodium carbonate are added to the flotation processing of tungsten ore, resulting in the difficulty of the suspended solids (SS) with the residual water glass settling down in the flotation wastewater. The removal efficiency of the suspended solids is low with commonly used reagents like polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM). This paper innovatively applied calcium chloride (CaCl2) to treat flotation wastewater and optimized the dosage of CaCl2, PAM and the pH value. The experimental results showed that when the dosage of 595 mg/L CaCl2 was combined with 21 mg/L PAM at pH 12, the turbidity removal ratio could reach 99.98%, and the residual turbidity of the supernatant was 0.23 NTU. The effluent could fully meet the requirements for reuse in industrial, urban miscellaneous and scenic environment water consumption (turbidity < 5 NTU). The quadratic equation model fitted with Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was constructed as Y = 91.52 + 8.68A + 1.11B − 1.02C − 1.7AB + 0.86AC + 0.06BC − 1.56A2 + 2.09B2 − 1.89C2, which had a good accuracy of the predicted responses versus the experimental data.

Preparing Process and Properties of Collagen Modified Cotton Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1415-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hui Xu ◽  
Zhao Fang Du
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Xps Characterization ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

In order to develop cotton fabric underwear with the health care function, the cotton fiber was modified with the collagen (CMCF) using periodate oxidation method. The aldehyde groups on the glucose chains of the oxidized cotton cellulose were reacted with the amino groups of collagen to obtain the CMCF, and the oxidized cellulose was crosslinked with collagen in aqueous acetic acid media. The effects of collagen concentration, treatment time, reaction temperature, pH value of solution and periodate concentration on the amount of collagen crosslinked on cotton fiber were respectively discussed, and the optimal reaction technology was obtained. XPS characterization of the modified cotton fiber showed a characteristic peak about 400.0–405.0 eV corresponding to collagen, which indicated that the collagen was combined on the surface of cotton fiber. The mechanical properties of the collagen modified cotton fiber were improved. The resulting CMCF is a new natural ecological fiber and has the extensive application as a carrier for the controlled release of drugs.

Experimental Study of Propagation Stage of Pitting Corrosion of 20Cr13 Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
A.D. Davydov ◽  
V.S. Shaldaev
Keyword(s):  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Free Corrosion Potential ◽  
External Power Source ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

The initiation and development of pitting corrosion of steel 20Cr13 in the NaCl solutions with various concentrations, temperatures, and pH values are studied under the potentiostatic conditions and at the free-corrosion potential. The pitting and repassivation potentials are determined using the method of cycling voltammetry. In spite of the fact that thus determined pitting potential is more positive than the corrosion potential (the open-circuit potential Eo.c.), the long-term experiments, which were performed at the free-corrosion potential, showed that pitting corrosion takes place without imposing a potential using an external power source. It is concluded that the probability of pitting corrosion of steel should be determined by comparing the corrosion potential (the open-circuit potential) with the repassivation potential Erp. Steel 20Cr13 is prone to the pitting corrosion, because Erp is more negative than Eo.c.. In the potentiostatic experiments, the variation of the depth and diameter of pits and their number with the time and the effect of temperature and electrode rotation on the pit propagation are studied. The results, which were obtained at the free-corrosion potential, are much less reproducible. In this case, in contrast to the potentiostatic conditions, the pit depth increased only slightly and the pit width increased to a larger extent. The effect of concentration, pH value, and temperature of NaCl solutions on the pit propagation is considered. It is concluded that the data on the development of pitting corrosion under the potentiostatic conditions can be hardly extended to the conditions of free corrosion potential.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate on Deformation for Thermoplastic Fiber Metal Laminates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4210
Author(s):  
Kai Jin ◽  
Shanyong Xuan ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Yujie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Fiber Metal

The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene/AA2024 hybrid laminates (short for Al/Gf/PP laminates) as structural materials were prepared and formed by hot pressing. The synergistic effects of temperature and loading speed on the laminate deformation under tensile and bending conditions were investigated and analyzed in this study. In tension, stress–strain curves presented bimodal types effected by tensile rates and temperatures. The state of PP resin determines the mechanical behavior of the FMLs. The tensile rate has no effect on FML deformation without heating or over the melting point of PP resin (about 170 °C). The softening point of PP resin (about 100 °C) is characteristic temperature. When the temperature exceeds the softening point but does not reach the melting point, the tensile strength and elongation will demonstrate coordinated growth at a relatively high tensile speed. The efficiency of fiber bridging is affected significantly since the resin is the medium that transfers load from the metal to the fiber. Under bending, the curves presented a waterfall decrement with temperature increment. The softening point of resin matrix is the key in a bending process. When the temperature is near the softening point, deformation is sensitive to both the temperature and the loading speed to a certain extent. If temperature is lower than softening point, deformation is mainly guided by temperature. If the temperature is beyond the softening point, loading speed is in a leading position of deformation. The bending strength gradually increases with loading rate. By using these deformation characteristics, the deformation of the thermoplastic laminates can be controlled in stamping or other plastic forming processes for thermoplastic fiber metal laminates.

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