Mental toughness and performance strategies of martial artists in practice and competition

Abstract This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and martial artists’ performance strategies. Two hundred athletes (male: 105, female: 95) with an age range of 18-36 years (mean:25.12, s=4.96) who competed at university to the national standard of martial arts participated in this study. Participants answered mental toughness questionnaires and performance strategies inventory. The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and automaticity, goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, and emotional control, and a negative and significant relationship between mental toughness and attentional control in practice. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and activation, relaxation, self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, and emotional control in the competition. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that goal-setting and imagery in practice and competition, self-talk in practice, and relaxation in the competition could predict mental toughness. In analyzing the subscales of mental toughness, it was concluded that tough emotions could be loaded on eight subscales of performance strategies. In the Independent-Sample T-Test, the significant differences related to gender were that men reported higher levels of self-talk (t=3.24, p<0.001), automaticity (t=2.76, p<0.006), goal-setting (t=2.63, p<0.009), imagery (t=2.18, p<0.03) and relaxation (t=2.17, p<0.03) than women.

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The Relationship Between Leisure Management and Exam Anxiety Levels of University Students

10.53350/pjmhs2115102915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2915-2921

Author(s):

Fatih Yaşartürk ◽

Buğra Akay ◽

Betül Ayhan

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Family Income ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Exam Anxiety ◽

The Relationship

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between leisure management and test anxiety levels of university students and their differentiation status in terms of some demographic variables. Methods: The relational survey model was used in the study, and there were 284 (147 male and 137 female) university students selected from the universe by convenient sampling method. Personal information form prepared by the researchers, “Leisure Management Scale (LMS)” and “Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI)” were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-Test and Pearson Correlation analyzes were used by using SPSS 26.0 program. Results: There was no significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the leisure management scale and the total score averages according to the gender variable, while a significant difference was found in the TAI "delusional", "affective" sub-dimensions and total score averages. According to the family income variable of university students, a low-level and negative significant relationship was found in the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension of LMS, and in the total TAI and "delusional sub-dimension". A significant relationship was found between the age variable and the "goal setting and method" sub-dimension of LMS. A low and negative significant relationship was found between leisure and "goal setting and method", "leisure attitude" and total LMS score averages. In addition, while there was no significant relationship between LMS and TAI, it was found that there was a low and negative significant relationship between the "leisure attitude" sub-dimension and the test anxiety inventory and its sub-dimensions. Conclusion: It can be said that as the level of attitude towards leisure activities of university students’ increases, the feeling of exam anxiety may decrease, and the increase in free time will adversely affect the level of leisure management and attitude. Keywords: University students, Leisure management, Exam anxiety level. *It was presented as an oral presentation at the 5th Academic Sports Research Congress

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Evaluation of psychological performance strategies of volleyball players

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v17i3.5963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 812-821

Author(s):

Aylin Özgen Feralan ◽

Serkan İbiş ◽

Bülent Okan Micoogullari

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Full Text ◽

English Summary ◽

Attention Control ◽

Psychological Performance ◽

Self Talk ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Study Performance ◽

Performance Strategies

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the performance strategies of volleyball players and also comparison of usage levels of strategies in training and competitions. Method: Total 134 voluntary amateur volleyball players between the ages of 15-24 participated in the study. Performance strategies of volleyball players were determined with Test of Performance Strategies that designed by Thomas et al., (1999). To examine the performance strategies of volleyball players and also comparison of usage levels of strategies in training and competitions Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme was employed. To define possible differences between variables Independent samples t test was used. Findings: Practice scale’s highly used strategy was self-talk and the lowest usage percentage was attention control. Meanwhile, competition scale results indicated that the highest used strategy was activation and lowest used strategy was relaxation. While comparison of differences between practice and competition scales strategies, it was found that except of goal setting and imagery all other strategies showed significant differences. Conclusions: Psychological performance strategies’ averages of volleyball players were ensured and it is exhibited that to which strategies should be thought and focused. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, voleybolcuların kullandıkları psikolojik performans stratejilerinin incelenmesi ve antrenmanlarda ve müsabakalarda kullanılan stratejilerin kullanım düzeylerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Metod: Çalışmaya 15-24 yaş arasında 134 gönüllü voleybolcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların kullandıkları psikolojik performans stratejilerini ve bu stratejilerin düzeylerini belirlemek üzere Thomas ve ark. (1999) tasarladığı Psikolojik Performans Stratejileri testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiki analizlerin yapılması amacıyla Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Olası farklılıkların tespiti için Bağımsız Örneklem t testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Antrenman alt ölçeğinde kullanılan stratejiler arasında en yüksek ortalama kendinle konuşma becerisi; en az kullanılan ise dikkat kontrolü saptanmıştır. Müsabaka alt ölçeğinde ise en fazla kullanılan strateji olarak da aktivasyon becerisi; en düşük düzeyde kullanılan beceri stratejisi de rahatlama olarak bulunmuştur. Kullanılan becerilerin karşılaştırılması sonucunda hedef belirleme ve imgeleme becerileri dışındaki tüm becerilerde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Voleybolcuların psikolojik becerileri kullanım düzeyleri ve ne tür becerilerin daha fazla oranda çalıştırılması gerektiği ortaya koyulmuştur.

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PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT BANK BJB KANTOR CABANG SUCI BANDUNG

Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Jasa ◽

10.25105/jmpj.v9i1.945 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roro Watie Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Work Motivation ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Training Motivation ◽

And Performance

In this study a problem that occurs is the implementation of training and motivation are ineffective for employees in PT Bank BJB Office Bandung, so that they are less than optimal performance. This study aimed to test the Training and Work Motivation Effect on Employee Performance in PT Bank BJB Office Bandung. The population in this study is that all employees at PT Bank BJB which amounted to 51 employees. The sampling technique used is census sampling technique, the sample set as many as 51 employees. This study uses a quantitative approach, the data for this study were obtained through questionnaires (questionnaire) which has been filled by the respondents who have been determined. Data analysis method used is the method of multiple linear regression analysis.The results of the analysis of pearson correlation 0.794 or 79.4% which shows that the correlation between training and work motivation and performance of employees are in a strong relationship level, means that training and motivation has a positive and significant relationship to the performance variables. While the coefficient of determination 0.631 or 63.1%, meaning that training and motivation has contributed 63.1% of the employee's performance, while the remaining 36.7% is influenced by other variables which is not examined. Keywords: Training, Motivation, Performance Employeesthis HTML class. Value is In this st

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Factors Related to Nurses’ Attitudes Toward the Elderly Care: The Predictive Roles of Altruism, Moral Intelligence, Life Satisfaction and General Health

Salmand ◽

10.32598/sija.16.2.2767.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 248-259

Author(s):

Maryam Ghorbani ◽

◽

Raha Salehabadi ◽

Neda Mahdavifar ◽

Mostafa Rad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

General Health ◽

Elderly Care ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Moral Intelligence

Objectives: Nurses’ attitudes affect their preference for caring for the elderly as well as the quality of care. This study aims to investigate the factors related to nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care and assess the predictive roles of altruism, moral intelligence, life satisfaction and general health. Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 265 nurses working in hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran in 2019. Data were collected using a demographic form, Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale,Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Competency Inventory, Carlo’s revised form of Prosocial Tendencies Measure, Diener’s Satisfaction With Life Scale , and General Health Questionnaire-28 item. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, linear regression analysis, and independent t-test) in SPSS v. 16 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 33.10±7.17 years. Nurses had a positive attitude toward the elderly care. Their Mean±SD attitude score was 155.39±17.74. There was no significant relationship between nurses’ attitudes and variables of age, gender, marital status, education, work experience, ward, and general health (P>0.05). The multiple regression model showed that the factors of moral intelligence (P=0.01), altruism (P=0.008) and life satisfaction (P=0.03) had a significant relationship with nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care. Conclusion: Nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care can be predicted by their moral intelligence, altruism and life satisfaction. Evaluation of these characteristics in nurses who provide services to the elderly can positively affect to their attitudes and prevent phenomena such as age discrimination

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Relationship between performance strategies, resilience qualities, riding experience and competitive performance of show jumping riders

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep180019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

H.M. Iungano ◽

B.E. Lancaster ◽

I. Wolframm

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Emotional Control ◽

Use Of Self ◽

Negative Thinking ◽

Equestrian Sports ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Self Talk ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Show Jumping ◽

Performance Strategies

Equestrian sports are considered high in risk, and successful athletes must achieve resilience to recover from adversities inherent to their riding career. The objective of this study is to identify which factors present in show jumping riders are related to resilient abilities, and how they may be improved. 101 British competitive show jumping riders were asked to complete a questionnaire about their riding experience and to respond to two tests: (1) test of performance strategies (TOPS 3), which analyses the use of self-talk, emotional control, automaticity, goal setting, imagery, activation, relaxation, negative thinking and attention control; and (2) Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), which evaluates resilient abilities. Where available, competition results were also analysed. Resilience scores had positive correlations with ‘emotional control’ (r=0.518; P<0.001), and ‘emotional control’ had a positive predictive effect on resilience (χ2=8.508; P<0.005). There were indications of positive correlations between resilience and ‘activation’ (r=0.497; P<0.001), ‘automaticity’ (r=0.437; P<0.001), and of a negative correlation between resilience and ‘negative thinking’ (r=-0.416; P<0.001). Overall CD-RISC-10 mean value was 29.96. ‘Activation’ and ‘automaticity’ were more applicable for riders of higher perceived levels of skill. Responses suggest that ‘activation’ was employed more frequently by male than female riders (Z=-2.118; P<0.05), and that ‘negative thinking’ was more frequent in female than male riders (Z=-1.969; P<0.05). More significant correlations between performance strategies were found in professional (19) than in novice riders (5). Results indicate that the use of performance strategies may be beneficial in the development of resilience. In higher level riders, the development of one set of strategies tends to lead to the development of other strategies. The findings support that the ability to recover successfully from adversities may not be merely inherent, but also under individual control.

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Psychometric Properties of The Greek Version of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition Scale (TOPS-CS)

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/v10078-011-0047-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

Christos Katsikas ◽

Olyvia Donti ◽

Maria Psychountaki

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Age Groups ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Greek Version ◽

Negative Thinking ◽

Control Goal ◽

Self Talk ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Performance Strategies

Psychometric Properties of The Greek Version of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition Scale (TOPS-CS)The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Test of Performance Strategies-Competition scale (TOPS-CS; Thomas et al., 1999) in Greek athletic population. The TOPS-CS was designed to assess eight psychological strategies used by athletes in competition (activation, automaticity, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery, negative thinking, relaxation and self-talk). In order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the inventory, two different research studies were conducted in two different age groups (n1=382 athletes, aged 16 to 20 years and n2=343 athletes, aged 12 to 15 years). Furthermore, 263 athletes, (aged 16 to 20 years) completed the TOPS-CS, purposing to perform confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the first study supported the initial factorial structure of the TOPS-CS for athletes aged 16-20 years. Reliability analysis also provided adequate evidence for the internal consistency and stability of the scale for Greek athletes of this age. However, for athletes aged 12 to 15 years, the validity and reliability of the inventory were questionable and further research is required.

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Attributes of Quality of Accommodation Facilities and Room Capacity Utilization of 3-5 Star Hotels in Nairobi, Kenya

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v6i12.em05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Miricho N. M. ◽

Adedipe A.

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Capacity Utilization ◽

Target Population ◽

Significant Variable ◽

Capacity Utilisation ◽

Strong Positive Relationship

There are specific quality requirements usually established in accordance with standards at either government or private levels for hotel accommodation facilities. One of these basic requirements is high quality of accommodation facilities which supposed to anchor room capacity utilisation of 3-5 star hotels in Nairobi, Kenya. The attributes of quality of accommodation facilities comprised of room flooring, decorations, bed and beddings, lightings and heating, comfort of bedroom, cleanliness, comfort of bathroom, towels, furniture and furnishings, toiletries and amenities, space and ventilation of the rooms. However, hotels with more accommodation quality attributes are likely to attract higher and better room capacity utilisation. Therefore, the study sought to examine the relationship between quality of accommodation facilities and room capacity utilisation of 3-5 star hotels in Nairobi, Kenya. The study hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between quality of accommodation facilities and room capacity utilisation of 3-5 star hotels in Nairobi, Kenya. The target population involved all the 3-5 star hotels in Nairobi, Kenya. A census of hotel general manager and front office managers consisting of 60 respondents was conducted through stratification of all the hotels. Questionnaire was used as instruments for data collection with 95.1% response rate and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine variable characteristics while Pearson correlation was used to establish the pattern of relationship and association of the variables. Also, linear regression analysis was involved to determine the level of significant and test hypothesis. The Pearson correlation result (r=-0.542, p=0.000) indicated that quality of accommodation facilities had a strong positive relationship and association with room capacity utilisation. The regression analysis coefficient R=0.792 and adjusted squared coefficient R2=0.527 were recorded which implied that the study variables explained 52.7% of the variations of room capacity utilisation. The regression model revealed comfort of bedroom, comfort of bathroom, bed/beddings and cleanliness as the four attributes of quality of accommodation facilities that were significant variable predictors of room capacity utilisation. The null hypothesis was rejected as there is significant relationship between quality of accommodation facilities and room capacity utilisation. The study concluded that an improvement in quality of accommodation facilities will cause positive significant changes in room capacity utilisation. The study recommends improvement on comfort of bedroom, comfort of bathroom, bed and beddings as well as general cleanliness for better room capacity utilisation of 3-5 star hotels in Nairobi, Kenya

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Are Self-Talk and Mental Toughness Level Prerequisites Besides the Kick Boxing Education Level in Athletes?

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v14n10p105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Yasemin YALÇIN ◽

Fatma TURAN

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Personal Information ◽

The Self ◽

Mental Toughness ◽

Study Group ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Self Talk ◽

Levene Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Skewness And Kurtosis

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between self-talk and mental toughness levels of kickboxers and to compare the differences between the self-talk and mental toughness of the athletes according to the independent variables obtained from the personal information of the athletes participating in the research. The study group of the research consists of athletes who participated in kickboxing competitions in Turkey (n=223). 120 (53.8%) of the athletes are women and 103 (46.2%) are men. In the study, the “Self-Talk Questionnaire” adapted to the Turkish athlete population by Engür (2011) and the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire” adapted to Turkish by Altıntaş and Bayar Koruç (2016) is used. It is decided whether the data met the prerequisites of the parametric tests by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis values (normal distribution of the data) and the Levene test (equality of variance) results. As a result, correlation analysis is used to determine the relationships between the variables, and t-test and ANOVA analyses are used to determine the differences. As a result of the research, it is determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness. Mental toughness is accepted as a term that trainers, managers and athletes attach importance to, and it is considered a prerequisite for sportive success. The fact that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness suggests that self-talk is also a predictor of performance. At the point of achieving success, the inner messages that the athlete will give themselves will increase their mental toughness and will be reflected in the sports environment, training or competition.

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The Relationship Between Leisure Management and Exam Anxiety Levels of University Students

10.53350/pjmhs211593069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 3069-3075

Author(s):

Fatih Yaşartürk ◽

Buğra Akay ◽

Betül Ayhan

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

Goal Setting ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Family Income ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Exam Anxiety ◽

The Relationship

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PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. BANK BJB KANTOR CABANG SUCI BANDUNG

Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Jasa ◽

10.25105/jmpj.v9i1.802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roro Watie Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Work Motivation ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

And Performance ◽

Motivation Effect

ABSTRACT In this study a problem that occurs is the implementation of training and motivation are ineffective for employees in PT. Bank BJB Office Bandung, so that they are less than optimal performance. This study aimed to test the Training and Work Motivation Effect on Employee Performance in PT. Bank BJB Office Bandung. The population in this study is that all employees at PT. Bank BJB which amounted to 51 employees. The sampling technique used is census sampling technique, the sample set as many as 51 employees. This study uses a quantitative approach, the data for this study were obtained through questionnaires (questionnaire) which has been filled by the respondents who have been determined. Data analysis method used is the method of multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis of Pearson correlation 0.794 or 79.4 % which shows that the correlation between training and work motivation and performance of employees are in a strong relationship level, means that training and motivation has a positive and significant relationship to the performance variables. While the coefficient of determination 0.631 or 63.1 %, meaning that training and motivation has contributed 63.1 % of the employee's performance, while the remaining 36.7 % is influenced by other variables which is not examined. Training and motivation are ineffective for employees in PT Bank BJB Office Bandung as a whole is not yet optimal. Key Words : Training ; Motivation ; Performance Employees

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