scholarly journals Are Self-Talk and Mental Toughness Level Prerequisites Besides the Kick Boxing Education Level in Athletes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Yasemin YALÇIN ◽  
Fatma TURAN
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between self-talk and mental toughness levels of kickboxers and to compare the differences between the self-talk and mental toughness of the athletes according to the independent variables obtained from the personal information of the athletes participating in the research. The study group of the research consists of athletes who participated in kickboxing competitions in Turkey (n=223). 120 (53.8%) of the athletes are women and 103 (46.2%) are men. In the study, the “Self-Talk Questionnaire” adapted to the Turkish athlete population by Engür (2011) and the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire” adapted to Turkish by Altıntaş and Bayar Koruç (2016) is used. It is decided whether the data met the prerequisites of the parametric tests by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis values (normal distribution of the data) and the Levene test (equality of variance) results. As a result, correlation analysis is used to determine the relationships between the variables, and t-test and ANOVA analyses are used to determine the differences. As a result of the research, it is determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness. Mental toughness is accepted as a term that trainers, managers and athletes attach importance to, and it is considered a prerequisite for sportive success. The fact that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness suggests that self-talk is also a predictor of performance. At the point of achieving success, the inner messages that the athlete will give themselves will increase their mental toughness and will be reflected in the sports environment, training or competition.

scholarly journals A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

Investigation about self-esteem levels of athletes who have been educated in different sports branches according to some variables: A study on physically handicapped individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Taner Bozkuş ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Secondary School Graduate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physically Handicapped

This study aimed to examine the self-esteem of those who did sports in physically disabled individuals by some variables. Based on this aim, the study was designed quantitatively. In this descriptive research, the general survey model that is coherent with the main purpose was used. The study group of the research consisted of 140 individuals aged 18 and over who had physical disabilities and actively engage in sports. Purposeful sampling approaches and easily accessible sampling methods were used in the selection of the study group. The scale form was used to collect research data. The scale form consisted of two parts. In the first part of this form, there was a personal information form containing information about the participants and in the second part, there was the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" developed by Rosenberg (1965) and adapted into Turkish by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). This form was applied to the participants on a voluntary basis, on the internet between 13.05.2020 and 03.06.2020. Necessary explanations were made to the participants while filling the form and they were provided to answer correctly. In this study, the self-esteem of physically disabled athletes was examined according to some variables. The research group consisted of 140 participants; 42 (30.0%) of them were female and 98 (70.0%) of them were male and the number of male participants was approximate twice the number of female participants. It was found that 18 (12.9%) participants were graduated from elementary and secondary schools, 59 (42.1%) from high school, and 63 (45%) from college, and the number of the participants belonging to the group consisted of graduates from high school and college were approximately four times more than the participants from the elementary and secondary school graduate group. It was determined that 9 (13.6%) of the participants had low, 105 (75%) had medium and 16 (11.4%) had a high level of income. It was observed that 83 (59.3%) of the participants were congenitally disabled and 57 (40.7%) of the participants disabled after birth and the number of congenitally disabled participants approximately 1.5 times more than the number of participants with disabilities after birth. It was determined that the number of participants who were national athletes was approximately 2.5 times those who were not. Among the variables examined, it was seen that there was only a statistically positive and low-level significant relationship between the sports age variable and the self-esteem mean score of the participants (r = .147; p < 0.05). In this context, as the age of the participants increased, the self-esteem of the participants also increased. As a result, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between the age of starting sports and self-esteem in physically disabled individuals, and individuals who started sports at an early age had a higher rate than other individuals.

scholarly journals On the mental toughness of self-aware athletes: Evidence from competitive tennis players

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 113 (Number 1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Cowden ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study examined the relationship between mental toughness (MT) and self-awareness in a sample of 175 male and 158 female South African tennis athletes (mean age = 29.09 years, s.d. = 14.00). The participants completed the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire and the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale to assess MT (confidence, constancy, control) and self-awareness (self-reflection and self-insight) dimensions, respectively. Linear regression indicated that self-insight (β=0.49), but not self-reflection (β=0.02), predicted global MT. Multivariate regression analyses were significant for self-reflection (ηp²=0.11) and self-insight (ηp²=0.24). Self-reflection predicted confidence and constancy (ηp²=0.05 and 0.06, respectively), whereas self-insight predicted all three MT subcomponents (ηp²=0.12 to 0.14). The findings extend prior qualitative research evidence supporting the relevance of self-awareness to the MT of competitive tennis athletes, with self-reflection and insight forming prospective routes through which athletes’ MT may be developed.

scholarly journals People’s perception and awareness on air pollution in rural and urban areas of Mymensingh Sadar upazila

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
R Sarker ◽  
M Yeasmin ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to investigate peoples’ perception level and awareness of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh sadar upazila. The relationship of independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size, residence and communication exposure) with the peoples’ perception level and awareness of air pollution (dependent variable) was done to understand the objectives of the study. Six Hundreds (600) respondents were selected randomly from six study sites under Mymensingh sadar upazila for collecting data during the period of Jan 2016-April, 2017. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that about half (46.67 percent) of the peoples had medium perception and awareness, 31.67 percent had low and 21.67 percent had high perception and awareness about air pollution. In rural areas, 43.33 percent respondents had low, 50.00 percent had medium and only 6.67 percent had high perception and awareness of air pollution. In urban areas, 20.00 percent respondents had low, 43.33 percent had medium and 36.67 percent had high perception and awareness of air pollution. Majority of the respondents (93.33 percent) were lacking of proper awareness of air pollution in rural areas while 63.33 percent in urban areas. Out of five independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification, residence and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative and significant relationship and family size had no relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 22-32, 2018

scholarly journals Determinants of Credit Risk: Evidence From Commercial Banks in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Noor Hafizha Muhamad Yusuf ◽  
Mohamad Shukery Mohamad Shamsudin ◽  
Wan Mohd Yaseer Mohd Abdoh ◽  
Noor Sharida Badri Shah ◽  
Rozihanim Shekh Zain
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Interest Income ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between microeconomic factors with credit risk among selected commercial banks in Malaysia. For this purpose, a sample of seven out of 27 commercial banks in Malaysia was selected and the microeconomic factors affecting credit risk with six measurements of return on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE) were examined by applying Panel Regression Fixed Effect (FE) Model for a period 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The scope of the study covers seven selected commercial banks in Malaysia namely: Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Public Bank Berhad and RHB Bank Berhad. This study is using credit risk proxy by non-performing loan for dependent variable while independent variables that have been selected were returned on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE). The findings of the study managed to reject the null hypothesis for return on asset, bank size, leverage, interest income and return on equity which indicates the five microeconomic variables give a significant relationship with credit risk. There are positive relationships between leverage, interest income and return on equity with credit risk while return on asset, bank size and ratio of capital are negatively related to credit risk. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between the ratio of capital and credit risk for commercial banks in Malaysia.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN KONSEP DIRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Lina Novita ◽  
Elly Sukmanasa ◽  
Devi Cahya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Instructional Media ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
The Relationship

RELATIONSHIP USING LEARNING MEDIA WITH SELF CONCEPTThe aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of learning media and self-concept. The research approach uses quantitative with correlational study methods. The study data was obtained using a questionnaire tool for both variables. The validity test of the use of instructional media and self-concept tools was calculated using the Pearson Product Moment formula and the reliability coefficient was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha formula. The population consisted of VA, VB and VC students from the District 2 Primary School. A sample of 48 students was obtained using the Taro Yamane formula. Testing the analysis requirements in the form of normality tests (Liliefors). After the normality test is performed, a homogeneity test is then performed (Fisher). Data declared normal and homogeneous are used to test hypotheses, the results of which indicate that the use of instructional media has a positive and significant relationship with self-concept. Statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient (rxy) of 0.69, which means that the relationship level is classified as strong and a count of 8.80 is higher than ttable with a significant level of 0.05 of 2.021, meaning significant. It can therefore be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of instructional media and the self-concepts of students.

scholarly journals Mental toughness and performance strategies of martial artists in practice and competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Atefeh Beheshti ◽  
◽  
Hassan Gharayagh Zandi ◽  
Zahra Fathirezaie ◽  
Fatemeh Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Strategies

Abstract This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and martial artists’ performance strategies. Two hundred athletes (male: 105, female: 95) with an age range of 18-36 years (mean:25.12, s=4.96) who competed at university to the national standard of martial arts participated in this study. Participants answered mental toughness questionnaires and performance strategies inventory. The Pearson correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and automaticity, goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, and emotional control, and a negative and significant relationship between mental toughness and attentional control in practice. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and activation, relaxation, self-talk, imagery, goal-setting, and emotional control in the competition. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that goal-setting and imagery in practice and competition, self-talk in practice, and relaxation in the competition could predict mental toughness. In analyzing the subscales of mental toughness, it was concluded that tough emotions could be loaded on eight subscales of performance strategies. In the Independent-Sample T-Test, the significant differences related to gender were that men reported higher levels of self-talk (t=3.24, p<0.001), automaticity (t=2.76, p<0.006), goal-setting (t=2.63, p<0.009), imagery (t=2.18, p<0.03) and relaxation (t=2.17, p<0.03) than women.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-efficacy and Learning Environment with Students' Self-directed Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Nanda Mirzawati ◽  
Neviyarni Neviyarni ◽  
Rusdinal Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
The Relationship

The lack of self-directed learning of students shown by students is one problem associated with self-efficacy and the learning environment. The purpose of the research is to reveal the relationship between self-efficacy and the learning environment, and self-directed learning. This study uses the correlational method and data collected from a sample of 198 students, which were found using proportional random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a self efficacy scale (24 valid items = 0.851), a learning environment scale (32 valid items = 0.830), and a self-directed learning scale (64 valid items = 0.936). Data were then analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.535 and p = 0.00 (p> 0.05), which showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and the learning environment together with self-directed learning. So it can be explained that the higher the self-efficacy and learning environment, the higher the student's self-directed learning.

HUBUNGAN METODE PENGASUHAN ORANG TUA PADA ANAK DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI (SELF CONFIDENCE) ANAK USIA 6-7 TAHUN DI ANAK AIR KELURAHAN BATIPUH PANJANG KOTA PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Yesi Yovita
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT  This research was motivated by the low self-confidence development of children aged 6-7 years in Anak Air, Batipuh Panjang Village, Padang City. It is suspected that the cause of the child's low self-confidence is partly due to the inappropriate application of parenting methods. This study aims to: 1) describe the parenting methods applied by parents to children; 2) describes the self-confidence of children aged 6-7 years; and 3) looking at the relationship between parenting methods and the self-confidence of children aged 6-7 years in Anak Air, Batipuh Panjang Village, Padang City.This research is a correlational quantitative research. The population in this study were children aged 6-7 years and their mothers as many as 50 people with a sample of 75%, namely 38 people with simple random sampling technique. The data technique used a questionnaire and a check for the observation of children's self-confidence development, the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis and formula-data-moment.The results of this study indicate: 1) the parenting methods applied by parents to children aged 6-7 years are still inaccurate and inconsistent; 2) the development of self-confidence of children aged 6-7 years is still low; and 3) there is a significant relationship between parenting methods and the development of self-confidence of children aged 6-7 years in Anak Air, Batipuh Panjang Village, Padang City. Research suggestions are: 1) it is hoped that parents in Anak Air Kelurahan Batipuh Panjang Padang City can pay attention to and apply the application of parenting methods to children so that they can contribute to the development of children's self-confidence as expected; and 2) it is hoped that further researchers can find or examine other variables that affect the development of children's self-confidence. Keywords: self-confidence, parenting methods, family education 

Socially Desirable Responding and Offence Characteristics Among Rapists

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl G. Kroner ◽  
John R. Weekes
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between socially desirable responding and offence characteristics is examined with 49 rapists. Socially desirable responding (SDR) was measured by the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Offence characteristics included: (a) perpetrator’s relationship to the victim; (b) severity of victim injury; and (c) victim’s age. Greater victim injury was associated with lower Impression Management (r = -.27, p<.03) and Denial scores (r = -.32, p<.01). No significant relationship occurred between offence characteristics and the self-deceptive scales of Denial of the Negative and Over Confident Rigidity. Alternative to the underreporting hypothesis, self-presentation and the acquisition of socially appropriate skills may explain the SDR/violence relationship.

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