scholarly journals Organizational efficiency of modern competition systems in professional sport games

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Khimenes ◽  
Ludmyla Kharchenko-Baranetska ◽  
Oleksandr Edeliev
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Organizational Efficiency ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Rules Changes

Professional sport have been developing dynamically in the last few decades. This is evidenced in particular by the growth of its income. The last one is directly related to a quality product produced by a professional sport – a spectacular competition. In particular, in the last few decades, the system of competitions in professional sport has acquired an updated form, significantly changed both quantitative and qualitative indicators of it held. Purpose. To identify key factors in the organizational effectiveness of modern competition systems in professional sports (for example, North American (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB, MLS), European (UEFA, FIBA / ULEB) and global organizations (ITL/ATP, PGA)). Methods: data analysis and generalization; theoretical interpretation and explanation; analysis of documentary materials, system analysis. Results. Modern systems of professional sports competitions in North America (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB, MLS) operate according to similar rules. Changes within these systems today are primarily due to public demand. In some leagues (NFL, NHL, MLS,) there has been and continues to be an expansion of teams. In fact, all of these organizations today focus on competitions and in the international sports arena, although until recently the domestic market was more important for them. Due to the development of technology, the leadership of the leagues is increasingly focused on the e-sports market. They develop their own competition systems in a virtual environment and use the latest technologies in conducting and broadcasting real matches, bringing the viewer and the player closer. In Europe, organizations such as UEFA, FIBA/ULEB are also experimenting with changes in the number of teams (increasing in some and decreasing in other competitions) and the format of key tournaments. The professional sports organizations such as ITL/ATP and PGA also impresses with the number of tournaments today. In addition, these organizations are characterized by unique systems of competition, which were also formed as a reaction to external factors (economic, social, informational, etc.). Conclusions. The key factors of organizational efficiency of modern competition systems in professional sports are the level of economic development, technology and information spheres, the level of interest of the international community in kind of sport, the social position of leagues, and most importantly today - development in a pandemic condition.

Confronting the Problems of Professional Sports: A Public Policy Response to Franchise Relocation and Stadium Subsidization

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor F Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Sports Finance ◽  
Sports Venues ◽  
Benefits And Costs

During the past decade, forty-six professional sports venues were constructed in the United States, while only 16 expansion teams were created by the major sports leagues. Nearly two thirds of these newly built stadiums and arenas were funded with public tax revenues, despite substantial evidence showing no positive economic impact of new sports stadium construction on local communities. In reviewing the economic literature, this article investigates the role of professional sports organizations in the construction and public subsidization of new sports venues. Franchise relocation and public stadium subsidization is a direct result of the monopoly power of professional sports leagues, whose franchise owners extract large subsidies from their host communities by threatening to relocate to viable alternative locations. After explaining how the most common methods of stadium subsidization project a disproportionate allocation of the benefits and costs of hosting a professional team to local community interests, this article outlines several considerations for local policymakers who seek to reinvigorate public discussion of equity concerns in professional sports finance.

Dynamic pricing usage in sports for revenue management

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Bouchet ◽  
Michael Troilo ◽  
Brian R. Walkup
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Job Title ◽  
Travel Services

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which dynamic pricing is utilized in North American professional sports. While industries such as airlines and travel services have employed dynamic pricing for decades, professional sports is only now starting to adopt it. Design/methodology/approach The authors survey and interview high ranking executives and managers in North American sports organizations. A total of 72 managers and executives from the four major North American professional sports leagues as well as other sport properties were surveyed. Descriptive statistics and a basic regression provide insight into perceptions v. actual practice among sports organizations. Findings While most sports organizations perceive high usage of dynamic pricing within their organization, current procedures lag. Nearly 70 percent of respondents believe that their organizations frequently or always apply business analytics to dynamic pricing, but only 30 percent update their prices daily. Fully 50 percent of organizations do not automate decision-making processes, which is a hallmark of dynamic pricing. The perception of constant use of analytics in dynamic pricing intensifies as job title increases. Originality/value As one of the initial surveys looking at the usage of dynamic pricing in North American professional sports, this study provides a glimpse into both the perception and the reality. It suggests that there is still ample room for improvement.

scholarly journals Big Data, Big Problems: Analysis of Professional Sports Leagues’ CBAs and Their Handling of Athlete Biometric Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Brown ◽  
Natasha T. Brison
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

The use and integration of wearable technology (wearables) into professional sports is increasing rapidly. At a minimum, the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, and MLS have all integrated wearables into their training. Teams’ hope the biometric data obtained from the wearables will sharpen athletic performance, create competitive advantages, enhance fan experience, and generate new revenue streams. However, to obtain these desired outcomes leagues must adequately protect their athlete’s biometric data (ABD).  The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the CBAs of the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, and MLS management of wearables and ABD. Specifically, this paper will discuss the potential gaps in protection of ABD within the CBA and explore whether federal and state laws are applicable to protect the data. Findings from this analysis improve our understanding of professional sport leagues management of ABD and expose the limitations of protection at the league, state, and federal level.

Sports Rescue: The South End Mustangs Professional Ice Hockey Team

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Chris Chard ◽  
Kirsty K. Spence
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Television Show ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sports Team

Three years ago, Steve Thornton purchased the South End Mustangs, a professional ice hockey team competing in the D1 division in the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, Thornton has experienced challenging times during his ownership tenure. The team has achieved mediocre results on the ice and poor results off the ice. Thornton knows he needs help to turn the Mustangs franchise around. Thus, as a result, he turns to John Tapner, a sport business owner, operator, entrepreneur, and advisor. Tapner is best known as a professional sport consultant and TV personality, representing his company Sports Rescue, which is the same name as his hit television show. When an owner calls Tapner, it is because a professional sports team is in trouble and needs to be rescued.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF NUCLEON RESONANCE STRUCTURE IN EXCLUSIVE MESON ELECTROPRODUCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1330015 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Aznauryan ◽  
A. Bashir ◽  
V. M. Braun ◽  
S. J. Brodsky ◽  
V. D. Burkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Chiral Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Resonance Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Q ◽  
Reaction Theory ◽  
Meson Electroproduction ◽  
Resonance Formation

Studies of the structure of excited baryons are key factors to the N* program at Jefferson Lab (JLab). Within the first year of data taking with the Hall B CLAS12 detector following the 12 GeV upgrade, a dedicated experiment will aim to extract the N* electrocouplings at high photon virtualities Q2. This experiment will allow exploration of the structure of N* resonances at the highest photon virtualities ever achieved, with a kinematic reach up to Q2 = 12 GeV 2. This high-Q2 reach will make it possible to probe the excited nucleon structures at distance scales ranging from where effective degrees of freedom, such as constituent quarks, are dominant through the transition to where nearly massless bare-quark degrees of freedom are relevant. In this document, we present a detailed description of the physics that can be addressed through N* structure studies in exclusive meson electroproduction. The discussion includes recent advances in reaction theory for extracting N* electrocouplings from meson electroproduction off protons, along with Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)-based approaches to the theoretical interpretation of these fundamental quantities. This program will afford access to the dynamics of the nonperturbative strong interaction responsible for resonance formation, and will be crucial in understanding the nature of confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in baryons, and how excited nucleons emerge from QCD.

Competing teammates: food in New Zealand sports settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Carter ◽  
Louise N Signal ◽  
Richard Edwards ◽  
Janet Hoek
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Key Informant

AbstractDespite the global popularity of sport, we know surprisingly little about food in sports settings. This two-phased study analysed the foods available in New Zealand sports settings. Phase one included a systematic literature review and 18 interviews with key informants from national and regional sporting organizations. Phase two involved 37 key informant interviews with stakeholders from two exemplar sports, rugby and netball and direct observations at netball and rugby venues. This study found most foods and beverages at New Zealand sports events were energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Caterers’ control over food provision, socio-cultural attitudes which view unhealthy foods as normal, and a dominant profit motive, appear to be the key factors influencing the food environment in sports settings. Food environments in sport settings provide frequent opportunities to purchase and consume energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. The research shows we have competing players in the sports context—unhealthy food and healthy physical activity. Achieving sustainable healthy change in sports settings will be challenging when the prevailing attitude normalizes the unhealthy environment. Nutrition policies in sports clubs are urgently needed to increase the availability of healthy food. This requires support from health agencies and leadership from national sports organizations. Given the international nature of the food industry and sport, these findings from New Zealand may assist other countries to better understand the nature of food in sport and adopt appropriate interventions to reduce the obesogenic environment that is sport.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Sport Psychology Delivery in Elite and Professional Sport: Reflections From Experienced Sport Psychologists

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McDougall ◽  
Mark Nesti ◽  
David Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Multiple Relationships ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Insight Into

The challenges encountered by sport psychologists operating within elite and professional sports teams have arguably been inadequately considered (Nesti, 2010). It has been suggested that this may be due to the inaccessibility of elite team environments (Eubank, Nesti, & Cruickshank, 2014; Nesti, 2010). The purpose of this research was to examine the challenges facing practitioners who operate in elite environments and to illuminate how these were experienced. Qualitative interviews with six experienced applied sport psychologists were conducted and a narrative themed analysis undertaken. Four main themes emerged as most prevalent and meaningful: challenges to congruence, a broader role: managing multiple relationships, the influence of elite sport cultures, and surviving and thriving were presented in narrative form. Practitioners provided experiential insight into how specific challenges were understood and dealt with, and how they are able to provide an effective service while managing themselves and the demands of the environment.

scholarly journals Liability of Referees: An Analysis of Tort Liability for Wrong Referee Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stefanie Koch
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Vicarious Liability ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
Rules Of The Game

<p>In an increasing professional sports world, the referees in key tournaments and games have huge responsibility. Their decisions can impact not only on the game but on all the commercial interests involved in that game. This raises the issue of the liability of referees according to tort law. The main problems of liability of referees are the circumstances they work in. They have often only a split-second to make important decisions in the course of a game. The responsibility of a referee is so high that they can determine if a team wins or loses. These decisions can impact on the outcome of a game and consequently affect the financial situation of the clubs, sponsors and sportspeople. If a team is eliminated from a tournament they lose a huge amount of money. There are two legal aspects to consider. One is intention, where a referee might get involved in deliberate match-fixing, and another is negligence. Are match officials liable for their malpractice? Often a referee is not liable for lost chances because there is no causality that the team lost the game only because of a wrong referee decisions. For want of evidence the referee is in most cases not liable. However, is this right? The main thesis of this paper is that there is a liability of referees who act with intention. Referees who influence results negligently should be covered by immunity. However, sports governing body as guardians of the rules of the game should have some liability. They have a usual duty to ensure that a referee is able to manage the game and have it under control. Sports governing bodies may have vicarious liability for referee decisions as they use referees to fulfil their obligations of organising and running tournaments. The business approach of modern professional sport has added to the duties of sports governing bodies. Hence sports governing bodies have an added responsibility to ensure that all resources to support the referee and the rules - such as technical or assistant support - are utilized. These special duties need to be followed and can make sports governing bodies liable.</p>

scholarly journals Approaches to the Organization of the Energy Efficient Activity at the Regional Level in the Context of Limited Budget Resources during the Transformation of Energy Market Paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Vakulenko ◽  
Iuliia Myroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Integrated Programs

Abstract The research is devoted to the problem of the assessment of the integrated projects investment efficiency, energy saving and energy efficiency measures for social and municipal buildings within the course aimed at the reduction of the natural gas consumption and its replacement by alternative fuel types, that is important for a number of European countries, and Ukraine in particular. The objectives of the research are as follows: comparative assessment of the quality of integrated and element-by-element approaches to energy saving encompassing investment, environmental, social and organizational aspects; the formulation of practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of development and implementation of integrated programs in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency. It is proposed to use the methodology of system analysis with the elements of deduction that is practical and that allows to set key factors that influence the processes of energy replacement and energy efficiency increase, as well as factors that constrain them.

Which sports do you like? Testing intra-domain omnivorousness in Canadian following of professional sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gemar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues ◽  
Consumption Profile

The theory of the cultural omnivore has been applied to many cultural domains. However, given the pervasiveness of professional sport in contemporary societies, less is known about omnivorous behaviour when it comes to consuming this cultural form. This study sets out to find if indeed there is an omnivorous consumption profile for professional sport. Using a latent class and regression analysis of survey data on five major professional sports leagues from Canada, this paper seeks to determine if this professional sport omnivore exists, how prevalent it might be, and if it maps onto wider socio-economic differentiations. The latent class analysis does show that there is an omnivorous consumption profile. However, it is the second smallest professional sport profile and does not map onto wider socio-economic differentiations, even as other patterns of professional sports’ consumption do display such distinctions.

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