scholarly journals CONTENT OF AMINO ACIDS IN WINTER WHEAT GRAIN DEPENDING ON THE VARIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
H. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dispensable Amino Acids

The amino acid content of soft wheat grain was analyzed depending on the variety. It was found that the content of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and cystine varies the most from the weather conditions of growing season. The total weight of amino acids varies from 14,01 to 17,46 % of grain depending on the variety of soft wheat. The share of indispensable amino acids is 27–29 % of their total mass. However, the sum content of indispensable amino acids varies significantly depending on the variety and line – from 3,81 to 5,10 %. The highest content of phenylalanine (0.55 %), lysine (0.51 %) and leucine (0.47 %) in the grain of soft wheat Panonicus (st) variety was found. The lowest methionine content is 0.1 %. The remaining amino acids ranged from 0,39 to 0,46 %. Among the dispensable amino acids, there is the highest content of glutamine (3,54 %) and proline (1.11 %), and the lowest content of cystine (0.1 %). The variation coefficient of the samples over the years of research was average for the amino acids serine, glutamine, glycine and arginine – low, histidine, asparagine and methionine – medium, and for the rest - high,. It is obvious that the content of amino acids also varies significantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season of winter wheat. The content of indispensable amino acids in the grain of Kulundinka soft wheat varied from 0.16 to 0.95 %. The content of threonine (0,78 %) and leucine(0,95 %) was the highest, the content of methionine was the lowest – 0.16 %. The content of other indispensable amino acids ranged from 0,50 to 0,74 %. The content of dispensable amino acids ranged 0,22–4,03 %. The highest content was of proline (1,67 %) and glutamine (4,03 %). The content of other dispensable amino acids varied from 0,80 до 1,12 %. It was found that the content of basic amino acids in wheat grain of P 7 soft line varied from 0,09 to 3,92 %. Thus, the content of indispensable amino acids is dominated by threonine, lysine, valine and leucine (0,54–0,78 %). Among the indispensable are proline, asparagine, and glutamine (1,07–3,92 %). The lowest content among indispensable amino acids was characterized by methionine (0.09 %), among dispensable – cystine (0,27 %). The grain of Kulundinka wheat variety and P 7 line obtained by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. / Triticum spelta L. has the highest number of indispensable amino acids, which are recommended to be used to obtain high-quality grain.

scholarly journals Productivity and technological qualities of Grom winter wheat grain variety depending on the application of plant growth regulators and nitrogen top dressings

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov ◽  
Z. A. Ivanova ◽  
F. Kh. Tkhazeplova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain

The article presents the results of a multi-year research aimed at establishing the influence of plant growth regulators and doses of nitrogen top dressings on the growth, development, productivity and technological qualities of Grom variety of soft winter wheat grain of the FSBSI «SGC named after P.P. Lukyanenko» selection. The results of the research revealed that the duration of the entire growing season and interphase stages of winter wheat development was largely influenced by weather conditions in the spring-summer period. Application of nitrogen top dressing in the «tillering-beginning of stemming» phase promoted the formation of more vigorous winter wheat plants with an increased tillering coefficient. The best indicators were obtained in options where «Biosil» preparation was used. The most intensive increase in the aboveground mass of winter wheat throughout the growing season occurred with the use of the «Alfastim» growth regulator; it was followed by «Novosil» preparation. The cultivation of crops with growth regulators increased the productive plant stand by 7,8–15,2%, but didn’t have a significant effect on the other elements of the crop structure. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in doses of N35+N35 иN35+N35+N20 when treated with «Novosil» growth regulator provided a high yield – up to 7,13 t/ha. Slightly lower was the yield with the use of «Alfastim» preparation compared with «Novosil». In the option without nitrogen fertilizers the fifth class grain was formed, and the treatment of winter wheat crops with the studied preparations increased the class of grain to the fourth one, due to an increase in the content of protein and gluten in the grain. Similar changes were also noted when nitrogen was added to the top dressing at doses of N20 + N20 and N35 + N35. Spring nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat crops in the heading phase contributed to an increase in the grain class.

scholarly journals Evaluation of durum winter wheat varieties by growth and development indicators

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
V. Lubich ◽  
I. Polyanetska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety

The article presents the study results of the formation of growth and development indicators (growing season length of plants, plant height, density dynamics, ear parameters and grain yield) of domestic varieties of durum winter wheat. It is analyzed that the level of the signs manifestation varies signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season. However, the growing season duration hardly depend on weather conditions and is 268–269 days. In the full ripeness stage, the height of plants increased 1.4–1.8 times in comparison with earing with insignifcant variation (V=1–5 %) depending on the variety. The lowest plants were Athena, Continent and Laguna – 71–76 cm. Uneven precipitation distribution and high air temperature in 2013 contributed to the formation of fewer stems of durum winter wheat plants compared to more favourable 2014. In the full ripeness stage of durum winter wheat grain in 2013, the coefcient of total tillering was 1.01–1.26 depending on the variety. In 2014, the stem density was the highest. In the full ripeness stage of grain, the number of stems ranged from 650 to 812 pcs/m2 depending on the variety with a total tillering rate of 1.54–1.91. It should be noted that Athena and Linkor varieties retained a higher ability to tillering and stem survival in different weather conditions. The ear length of winter durum wheat varied from 5.9 to 6.7 cm depending on the variety with slight and small variation (V=3–16 %). The number of spikelets in the ear was from 16 to 20 pcs with a small variation coefcient. The ear length of durum winter wheat varied most. Thus, of the nine varieties, the variation coefcient of this indicator in six varieties was average, and in the rest of them - small. However, there was no signifcant difference between the varieties. The highest yields were formed by Argonaut, Gardemaryn and Linkor varieties – 6.00–6.31 t/ha or 13–19 % more than the standard. Grain yield varied signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season, which is also evidenced by the stability index and was below 1 (0.48–0.64). Less favourable weather conditions in 2013 provided the yield of 3.74–4.63 t/ha depending on the variety. More favourable weather conditions in 2014 provided the grain yield of 5.46–8.25 t/ha depending on durum winter wheat variety. It is obvious that the positive effect of weather conditions in 2014 on tillering and stem survival of winter durum wheat determined the formation of higher grain yield. Key words: durum winter wheat, variety, growth and development indicators, yield.

scholarly journals The effect of individual rye chromosomes on the amino acid content of wheat grains

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Riley ◽  
J. A. D. Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Chromosome I

SUMMARYAt the present time attempts are being made to improve the nutritional value of wheat by increasing the content of certain essential amino acids, particularly lysine, in the proteins of the grain. Rye grain has a considerably higher lysine content than that of wheat. Consequently in the present work studies were made of the amino acid contents of the grains of the wheat variety Holdfast, the rye variety King II, the Triticale derived from these parental varieties and the seven lines in which, in turn, each pair of chromosomes of King II are separately added to Holdfast.Rye chromosome I increased the lysine content of wheat by 8·7% and associated changes in the proportions of other amino acids suggest that this increase is meaningful. Rye chromosome I is in homoeologous group 5 and other reports have indicated a relationship between changed lysine content and another character determined by chromosomes of this group. Consequently there is a suggestion that group 5 chromosomes may be of particular significance in the determination of lysine content in wheat grains. Confirmation of this would lead to a more rational approach to breeding for higher lysine content.

scholarly journals Selection value of new spring triticale varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Very High

Aim. To study the selection value of new spring triticale varieties according to the main economic and valuable properties (duration of the growing season, plant height, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases, tillering coefficient, grain weight from one ear, grain yield). Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The duration of the growing season of spring triticale was longer compared to wheat. Thus, it was the longest in 2015–122 days, in 2014–112, and in 2013–102 days or 3–9 days more compared to wheat, except for 2014 in which the duration of the growing season of spring wheat was 117 days. This figure did not change depending on the variety of spring triticale over the years of research. The shorter growing season of spring triticale in 2013 was apparently due to the later sowing period. On average, over three years of research, the height of spring triticale plants varied from 99 to 105 cm depending on the variety. Triticale spring exceeded soft spring wheat by 2–8 %. However, Heritage durum wheat plants were the highest. This figure has changed significantly over the years of research. Thus, the highest plants were in the favourable 2014 – 108–129 cm, the shortest in the less favourable 2013 – 85–92 cm, and in 2015 – 100–106 cm. Spring triticale plants had the highest resistance to pathogens of leaf spot in 2015. In 2014, the intensity of their defeat was at the level of 4.0–4.5% with the resistance of 9 points. Triticale spring significantly exceeded the plants of both types of wheat in this respect. On the average for three years of researches, the coefficient of general spring triticale tillering made 1.56–1.65 depending on the variety. This indicator was at the level of durum wheat and 9–14 % lower than that of soft wheat. The productive tillering coefficient was 10–15 % lower than that of soft wheat. Of the five varieties of spring triticale, the highest grain yield was obtained for the cultivation of Kharkiv Oberih variety – 6.12 t/ha. Yields of Kharkiv Lebid, Kharkiv Sontsedar and Kharkiv Korovai varieties were 18–22 % higher compared to soft wheat and 7–11 % higher than durum wheat. Conclusions. Indicators of growth and development of spring triticale plants and grain yield change significantly depending on the variety and weather conditions of the growing season. The duration of the growing seasom of spring triticale is 102–122 days. Plants can be medium and very tall, lodging resistance varies from 5 to 9 points. Triticale spring has a very high resistance to main fungal diseases. Grain yield is 4.93–6.12 t/ha depending on the genotype. To obtain a high and stable grain yield, it is necessary to grow Kharkiv Korovai and Kharkiv Oberih spring triticale varieties.

scholarly journals Формування продуктивності колоса рослин пшениці озимої залежно від строку сівби та норми висіву

2016 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
А. О. Рожков ◽  
М. А. Бобро ◽  
Т. В. Рижик
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
The Impact

У статті представлені результати досліджень, проведених протягом 2007–2009, 2014 рр. на дослідному полі ХНАУ ім. В. В. Докучаєва щодо впливу застосування різних строків сівби та норм висіву на варіабельність показників продуктивності колоса різних систем стебел пшениці м’якої озимої сорту Астет. Формування вищих показників продуктивності колоса головної і бічної системи стебел у середньому за роками досліджень забезпечувала сівба 15–17 вересня з нормою висіву 5,0 млн нас./га. Ефективність чинника норми висіву за роками досліджень була більш сталою порівняно зі строками проведення сівби, вплив яких значно залежав від погодних умов веґетаційного періоду конкретного року досліджень. The article presents the results of studies conducted during 2007–2009, 2014 in the experimental field of HNAU named after V. V. Dokuchayev regarding the impact of the application of different sowing date and seeding rates on the variability of  ear productivity indicators of different systems of soft winter wheat stalks of variety Astet. Formation of the highest levels of ear productivity of main and side stems of the average for the year of studies was provided on 15–17 September with the sowing seed rate 5,0 million grains/ha. The effectiveness of the seeding rate by years of research was more stable compared to the timing of sowing, the impact of which is significantly dependent on the weather conditions of the growing season of a particular year.

scholarly journals Technological qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Venka 1 common winter wheat variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N. 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring wheat tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation is applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the yield of wet gluten, as well as an increase in the content of N, P, K and protein in wheat grain. It has been proven that the combined use of biodynamic and biological preparations increases the content of dry matter, organic matter and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in wheat grain. The content of crude proteins has been shown to increase only in the varieties treated with biodynamic and biological preparations.

scholarly journals Prediction model for deoxynivalenol in wheat grain based on weather conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S33-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
K. Klem ◽  
P. Matušinský ◽  
M. Trnka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Environmental factors influence the growth, survival, dissemination and hence the incidence of <i>Fusarium</i> fungi and the disease severity. The knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative effects of environmental factors and growing practices on initial infection, disease development and mycotoxin production is important for prediction of disease severity, yield impact and grain contamination with mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to design a model for prediction of deoxynivalenol (DON) content in winter wheat grain based on weather conditions, preceding crop and soil cultivation. The grain samples from winter wheat field experiments conducted in 2002–2005 to determine the effect of preceding crop in combination with soil cultivation on Fusarium head blight infection were analysed for the DON content. Average daily weather data (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) were collected using an automated meteorological station and analysed separately for April, May and a 5 days period prior to the beginning of flowering and 5 days after the beginning of flowering. The correlation coefficients of DON content to weather data were calculated for monthly data prior to heading and 5 days data prior to and after the beginning of anthesis. Highest positive correlation coefficients were found for sum of precipitation in April, average temperature in April, and sum of precipitation 5 days prior to anthesis. Significant negative correlation was found for average temperature in May and average relative humidity 5 days prior to anthesis. Using the data from this experiment, we trained neural networks for prediction of deoxynivalenol content on the basis of weather data and preceding crop. The most appropriate neural network model was then coupled with AgriClim model to simulate spatial and temporal variation of DON content in wheat samples for south Moravia and north-east Austria area.

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETY GRAIN IN CONDITIONSOF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION STEPPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Маслова ◽  
Galina Maslova ◽  
Лавренникова ◽  
Olga Lavrennikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Middle Volga

The purpose of research is to increase the productivity and quality of winter wheat variety trials competitive grain varieties, depending on weather conditions. Studied varieties: Povolzhskaya 86, Kinel’skaya 8, Povolzhskaya niva, Konstantinovskaya. Varieties cultivated by traditional technology, the fresh pair. The data for the 2012-2015 biennium. Grain quality was assessed a number of indicators that characterize its physico-chemical and technological properties: nature grain, vitreous, the strength of flour, protein content, adhesive wine. The maximum value in terms of nature is characterized by grain corn all classes in 2013 and 2014 (782-816 g/l). The high rate of vitreous grains observed in 2012, 2014, 2015 (72-92%). Good data on the same data obtained for the protein content, wet gluten flour strength. It was found that the environmental conditions during the formation and ripening of grain in years of research have a significant impact on productivity and ka-honors winter wheat. The study group of varieties set up in the laboratory breeding and seed, has a rapid rate of accumulation of dry matter. They are adapted to the formation of us, full grain in the conditions of unstable arid climate of the Middle Volga region.

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