Transparent Heat Spreader for Backside Optical Analysis of High Power GHz-Scale Microprocessors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis M. Eiles ◽  
Dean Hunt ◽  
David Chi
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Spreader ◽  
Standard Configuration ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Optical Probing ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Optical probing using the Schlumberger IDS-2000 and other infrared-based analysis techniques have proved to be critical in the debug and analysis of flip-chip-packaged microprocessors. During probing, processors are operating with test patterns that generate a large amount of power. This article demonstrates a method for dissipating the generated heat based on a diamond window-based transparent heat spreader. This method controls the microprocessor temperature to a high degree of stability, and reduces thermal gradients across the die. Waveform results are excellent, and the transparent heat spreader provides a path for optical probing to be applied to the entire range of integrated circuit applications. The discussion covers cooling system requirements, and standard configuration specifications, and shows how the transparent heat spreader technique is effective for probing high power microprocessors.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

Characterization of RF Sputtered ZnO Piezoelectric Films Using Transmission Electron Microscope

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Kemining W. Yeh ◽  
Richard S. Muller ◽  
Wei-Kuo Wu ◽  
Jack Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Degree

Considerable and continuing interest has been shown in the thin film transducer fabrication for surface acoustic waves (SAW) in the past few years. Due to the high degree of miniaturization, compatibility with silicon integrated circuit technology, simplicity and ease of design, this new technology has played an important role in the design of new devices for communications and signal processing. Among the commonly used piezoelectric thin films, ZnO generally yields superior electromechanical properties and is expected to play a leading role in the development of SAW devices.

Spray Cooling for Time Resolved Emission Measurements of ICs

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama R. Goruganthu ◽  
David Bethke ◽  
Shawn McBride ◽  
Tom Crawford ◽  
Jonathan Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Uniform Heat Flux ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Time Resolved

Abstract Spray cooling is implemented on an engineering tool for Time Resolved Emission measurements using a silicon solid immersion lens to achieve high spatial resolution and for probing high heat flux devices. Thermal performance is characterized using a thermal test vehicle consisting of a 4x3 array of cells each with a heater element and a thermal diode to monitor the temperature within the cell. The flip-chip packaged TTV is operated to achieve uniform heat flux across the die. The temperature distribution across the die is measured on the 4x3 grid of the die for various heat loads up to 180 W with corresponding heat flux of 204 W/cm2. Using water as coolant the maximum temperature differential across the die was about 30 °C while keeping the maximum junction temperature below 95 °C and at a heat flux of 200 W/cm2. Details of the thermal performance of spray cooling system as a function of flow rate, coolant

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West Germany ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Religious Landscape

In recantation of his earlier approach, Peter L. Berger now claims: ‘The world today, with some exceptions […], is as furiously religious as it ever was, and in some places more so than ever.’ The most important exception that Berger refers to is Western Europe. The introduction to Part II provides an overview of the religious landscape in Western Europe. The data show that the current religious situation in the countries of Western Europe is in fact subject to considerable variation. It would therefore be erroneous to describe Western Europe as secularized. At the same time, the data reveal that there have been clear secularization tendencies over the last few decades. To grasp the diversity of religious tendencies, Part II deals with three cases: West Germany with moderate downward tendencies, Italy with a considerably high degree of stability, and the Netherlands displaying disproportionately strong secularizing tendencies.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized 4-Aminosalicylic Acid–Sulfamethazine Cocrystals

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala’ Salem ◽  
Anna Takácsi-Nagy ◽  
Sándor Nagy ◽  
Alexandra Hagymási ◽  
Fruzsina Gősi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Dissolution Enhancement ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Power Ultrasound ◽  
High Power Ultrasound ◽  
High Degree

Drug–drug cocrystals are formulated to produce combined medication, not just to modulate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) properties. Nano-crystals adjust the pharmacokinetic properties and enhance the dissolution of APIs. Nano-cocrystals seem to enhance API properties by combining the benefits of both technologies. Despite the promising opportunities of nano-sized cocrystals, the research at the interface of nano-technology and cocrystals has, however, been described to be in its infancy. In this study, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and high-power ultrasound were used to prepare nano-sized cocrystals of 4-aminosalysilic acid and sulfamethazine in order to establish differences between the two methods in terms of cocrystal size, morphology, polymorphic form, and dissolution rate enhancement. It was found that both methods resulted in the formation of form I cocrystals with a high degree of crystallinity. HPH yielded nano-sized cocrystals, while those prepared by high-power ultrasound were in the micro-size range. Furthermore, HPH produced smaller-size cocrystals with a narrow size distribution when a higher pressure was used. Cocrystals appeared to be needle-like when prepared by HPH compared to those prepared by high-power ultrasound, which had a different morphology. The highest dissolution enhancement was observed in cocrystals prepared by HPH; however, both micro- and nano-sized cocrystals enhanced the dissolution of sulfamethazine.

Structural optimization of a microjet based cooling system for high power LEDs

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Jianghui Yang ◽  
Zhiyin Gan ◽  
Xiaobing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Optimization ◽  
High Power ◽  
Cooling System
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